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TỜ SỐ 17 - UNIT 5 THE WORLD OF WORK - BÀI TẬP RÈN LUYỆN

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I. VOCABULARY

TỪ VỰNG

STT

TỪ VỰNG

PHIÊN ÂM

TỪ LOẠI

NGHĨA

1

shift
night shift

/ʃɪft/
/ˈnaɪt ʃɪft/

n
np

ca làm việc
ca đêm

2

regulation
regular
regularly

/ˌreɡjuˈleɪʃn/
/ˈreɡjələ/
/ˈreɡjələli/

n
adj
adv

quy định, quy chế
đều đặn, có quy tắc
một cách đều đặn

3

relevant
relevance
irrelevant

/ˈreləvənt/
/ˈreləvəns/
/ɪˈreləvənt/

adj
n
adj

liên quan
sự liên quan
không liên quan

4

employ
employment
employer
employee
unemployed
unemployment

/ɪmˈplɔɪ/
/ɪmˈplɔɪmənt/
/ɪmˈplɔɪə/
/ɪmˈplɔɪiː/
/ˌʌnɪmˈplɔɪd/
/ˌʌnɪmˈplɔɪmənt/

v
n
n
n
adj
n

tuyển dụng
việc làm
nhà tuyển dụng
nhân viên
thất nghiệp
nạn thất nghiệp

5

reward
rewarding

/rɪˈwɔːd/
/rɪˈwɔːdɪŋ/

n/v
adj

phần thưởng; thưởng
bổ ích, đáng làm

6

qualify
qualification
qualified
unqualified

/ˈkwɒlɪfaɪ/
/ˌkwɒlɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/
/ˈkwɒlɪfaɪd/
/ʌnˈkwɒlɪfaɪd/

v
n
adj
adj

đủ điều kiện
bằng cấp, trình độ
có đủ trình độ
không đủ trình độ

7

vacancy
vacant

/ˈveɪkənsi/
/ˈveɪkənt/

n
adj

vị trí trống
còn trống

8

flexible
flexibility
flexibly
inflexible
inflexibility

/ˈfleksəbl/
/ˌfleksəˈbɪləti/
/ˈfleksəbli/
/ɪnˈfleksəbl/
/ɪnˌfleksəˈbɪləti/

adj
n
adv
adj
n

linh hoạt
sự linh hoạt
một cách linh hoạt
cứng nhắc
sự cứng nhắc

9

donate
donation
donor

/dəʊˈneɪt/
/dəʊˈneɪʃn/
/ˈdəʊnə/

v
n
n

quyên góp
sự quyên góp
người quyên góp

10

experience
experienced
inexperienced

/ɪkˈspɪəriəns/
/ɪkˈspɪəriənst/
/ˌɪnɪkˈspɪəriənst/

n/v
adj
adj

kinh nghiệm; trải nghiệm
có kinh nghiệm
thiếu kinh nghiệm

11

wage
salary
income

/weɪdʒ/
/ˈsæləri/
/ˈɪnkʌm/

n
n
n

tiền công
lương
thu nhập

12

retire
retired
retirement

/rɪˈtaɪə/
/rɪˈtaɪəd/
/rɪˈtaɪəmənt/

v
adj
n

nghỉ hưu
đã nghỉ hưu
sự nghỉ hưu

13

benefit
beneficial

/ˈbenɪfɪt/
/ˌbenɪˈfɪʃl/

n/v
adj

lợi ích; hưởng lợi
có lợi

14

profit
profitable
unprofitable

/ˈprɒfɪt/
/ˈprɒfɪtəbl/
/ʌnˈprɒfɪtəbl/

n/v
adj
adj

lợi nhuận; kiếm lời
có lợi nhuận
không có lợi nhuận

15

casual
casually

/ˈkæʒuəl/
/ˈkæʒuəli/

adj
adv

tạm thời, không cố định
một cách bình thường

16

prefer
preference
preferable
preferably

/prɪˈfɜː/
/ˈprefrəns/
/ˈprefrəbl/
/ˈprefrəbli/

v
n
adj
adv

thích hơn
sự ưu tiên
đáng thích hơn
tốt nhất là

17

candidate

/ˈkændɪdət/

n

ứng viên

18

review
reviewer

/rɪˈvjuː/
/rɪˈvjuːə/

n/v
n

bài đánh giá; đánh giá
người đánh giá

19

volunteer
voluntary
voluntarily

/ˌvɒlənˈtɪə/
/ˈvɒləntri/
/ˌvɒlənˈterəli/

n/v
adj
adv

tình nguyện viên; tình nguyện
tự nguyện
một cách tự nguyện

20

babysitter
babysit
babysitting

/ˈbeɪbisɪtə/
/ˈbeɪbisɪt/
/ˈbeɪbisɪtɪŋ/

n
v
n

người trông trẻ
trông trẻ
việc trông trẻ

21

interview
interviewer
interviewee

/ˈɪntəvjuː/
/ˈɪntəvjuːə/
/ˌɪntəvjuːˈiː/

n/v
n
n

phỏng vấn; buổi phỏng vấn
người phỏng vấn
người được phỏng vấn

22

apply
application
applicant
applicable

/əˈplaɪ/
/ˌæplɪˈkeɪʃn/
/ˈæplɪkənt/
/əˈplɪkəbl/

v
n
n
adj

nộp đơn, áp dụng
đơn xin, sự ứng tuyển
người nộp đơn
có thể áp dụng

23

position
reposition

/pəˈzɪʃn/
/ˌriːpəˈzɪʃn/

n
v

vị trí, chức vụ
đặt lại vị trí

24

advertise
advertisement
advertising
advertiser

/ˈædvətaɪz/
/ədˈvɜːtɪsmənt/
/ˈædvətaɪzɪŋ/
/ˈædvətaɪzə/

v
n
n
n

quảng cáo
bài quảng cáo
việc quảng cáo
nhà quảng cáo

25

consider
consideration
considerate
considerable

/kənˈsɪdə/
/kənˌsɪdəˈreɪʃn/
/kənˈsɪdərət/
/kənˈsɪdərəbl/

v
n
adj
adj

cân nhắc
sự xem xét
chu đáo
đáng kể

26

commute
commuter

/kəˈmjuːt/
/kəˈmjuːtə/

v
n

đi lại thường xuyên
người đi làm xa

27

repetition
repeat
repetitive

/ˌrepəˈtɪʃn/
/rɪˈpiːt/
/rɪˈpetətɪv/

n
v
adj

sự lặp lại
lặp lại
lặp đi lặp lại

28

demand
demanding
undemanding

/dɪˈmɑːnd/
/dɪˈmɑːndɪŋ/
/ˌʌndɪˈmɑːndɪŋ/

n/v
adj
adj

nhu cầu; đòi hỏi
đòi hỏi cao
không đòi hỏi nhiều

29

stress
stressful
stressed

/stres/
/ˈstresfl/
/strest/

n/v
adj
adj

áp lực; gây căng thẳng
căng thẳng
bị căng thẳng

30

unusual
usually

/ʌnˈjuːʒuəl/
/ˈjuːʒuəli/

adj
adv

lạ, bất thường
thường xuyên

31

reference
refer

/ˈrefrəns/
/rɪˈfɜː/

n
v

sự tham khảo
nhắc đến, tham khảo

32

diver
dive
diving

/ˈdaɪvə/
/daɪv/
/ˈdaɪvɪŋ/

n
v
n/adj

thợ lặn
lặn
việc lặn; thuộc về lặn

33

crawl

/krɔːl/

v

bò, trườn

34

bucket
bucketful

/ˈbʌkɪt/
/ˈbʌkɪtfʊl/

n
n

cái xô
một xô đầy

35

professional
profession
professionalism
professionally

/prəˈfeʃənl/
/prəˈfeʃn/
/prəˈfeʃənəlɪzəm/
/prəˈfeʃənəli/

adj/n
n
n
adv

chuyên nghiệp; người chuyên nghiệp
nghề nghiệp
tính chuyên nghiệp
một cách chuyên nghiệp

36

endure
endurance

/ɪnˈdjʊə/
/ɪnˈdjʊərəns/

v
n

chịu đựng
sức chịu đựng

37

squeeze

/skwiːz/

v/n

ép, chen; sự ép

38

reflect
reflection
reflective

/rɪˈflekt/
/rɪˈflekʃn/
/rɪˈflektɪv/

v
n
adj

phản ánh, phản chiếu
sự phản ánh
phản chiếu

39

resell
resale

/ˌriːˈsel/
/ˈriːseɪl/

v
n

bán lại
sự bán lại

40

apprentice
apprenticeship

/əˈprentɪs/
/əˈprentɪʃɪp/

n
n

người học nghề
thời gian học nghề

41

submit
submission

/səbˈmɪt/
/səbˈmɪʃn/

v
n

nộp, gửi
sự nộp, bản nộp

42

charity
charitable
charitably

/ˈtʃærəti/
/ˈtʃærətəbl/
/ˈtʃærətəbli/

n
adj
adv

tổ chức từ thiện; lòng nhân ái
từ thiện
một cách nhân đạo

43

afford
affordable
affordability

/əˈfɔːd/
/əˈfɔːdəbl/
/əˌfɔːdəˈbɪləti/

v
adj
n

có đủ khả năng chi trả/làm gì
có giá phải chăng
khả năng chi trả

44

skilled
skillful

/skɪld/
/ˈskɪlfl/

adj
adj

có kỹ năng
khéo léo

45

responsible
responsibility

/rɪˈspɒnsəbl/
/rɪˌspɒnsəˈbɪləti/

adj
n

có trách nhiệm
trách nhiệm

46

suitable
suitably
unsuitable

/ˈsuːtəbl/
/ˈsuːtəbli/
/ʌnˈsuːtəbl/

adj
adv
adj

phù hợp
một cách phù hợp
không phù hợp

47

enthusiasm
enthusiastic
enthusiastically

/ɪnˈθjuːziæzəm/
/ɪnˌθjuːziˈæstɪk/
/ɪnˌθjuːziˈæstɪkli/

n
adj
adv

sự nhiệt tình
nhiệt tình
một cách nhiệt tình

48

organise
organisation
organised
organisational

/ˈɔːɡənaɪz/
/ˌɔːɡənaɪˈzeɪʃn/
/ˈɔːɡənaɪzd/
/ˌɔːɡənaɪˈzeɪʃənl/

v
n
adj
adj

tổ chức
tổ chức
có tổ chức
thuộc về tổ chức

49

fluent
fluently
fluency

/ˈfluːənt/
/ˈfluːəntli/
/ˈfluːənsi/

adj
adv
n

thông thạo
một cách trôi chảy
sự thông thạo

50

perform
performance

/pəˈfɔːm/
/pəˈfɔːməns/

v
n

thực hiện, biểu diễn
hiệu suất, kết quả

51

anxious
anxiety

/ˈæŋkʃəs/
/æŋˈzaɪəti/

adj
n

lo lắng
sự lo lắng

52

nervous
nervously
nervousness

/ˈnɜːvəs/
/ˈnɜːvəsli/
/ˈnɜːvəsnəs/

adj
adv
n

lo lắng
một cách lo lắng
sự lo lắng

53

concentrate
concentration

/ˈkɒnsntreɪt/
/ˌkɒnsnˈtreɪʃn/

v
n

tập trung
sự tập trung

54

academic qualification

/ˌækəˈdemɪk ˌkwɒlɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/

np

bằng cấp học thuật

55

on-the-job training

/ˌɒn ðə dʒɒb ˈtreɪnɪŋ/

np

đào tạo tại chỗ

56

casual work

/ˈkæʒuəl wɜːk/

np

công việc thời vụ/tạm thời

57

teaching assistant

/ˈtiːtʃɪŋ əˈsɪstənt/

np

trợ giảng

58

curriculum vitae / CV

/kəˌrɪkjələm ˈviːtaɪ/

np

sơ yếu lý lịch

59

hospitality industry

/ˌhɒspɪˈtæləti ˈɪndəstri/

np

ngành khách sạn – dịch vụ

60

job vacancy

/dʒɒb ˈveɪkənsi/

np

vị trí tuyển dụng

61

chance for promotion

/tʃɑːns fə prəˈməʊʃn/

np

cơ hội thăng chức

62

railway station attendant

/ˈreɪlweɪ ˈsteɪʃn əˈtendənt/

np

nhân viên nhà ga

63

demanding job

/dɪˈmɑːndɪŋ dʒɒb/

np

công việc đòi hỏi cao

64

repetitive job

/rɪˈpetətɪv dʒɒb/

np

công việc lặp đi lặp lại

65

communication skills

/kəˌmjuːnɪˈkeɪʃn skɪlz/

np

kỹ năng giao tiếp

66

organisational skills

/ˌɔːɡənaɪˈzeɪʃənl skɪlz/

np

kỹ năng tổ chức

67

go on a business trip

/ɡəʊ ɒn ə ˈbɪznəs trɪp/

coll.

đi công tác

68

fill a vacancy

/fɪl ə ˈveɪkənsi/

coll.

tuyển người cho vị trí trống

69

gain experience in sth

/ɡeɪn ɪkˈspɪəriəns/

coll.

tích lũy kinh nghiệm

70

have experience in sth

/hæv ɪkˈspɪəriəns/

coll.

có kinh nghiệm

71

meet production targets

/miːt prəˈdʌkʃn ˈtɑːɡɪts/

coll.

đạt mục tiêu sản xuất

72

check attendance

/tʃek əˈtendəns/

coll.

điểm danh

73

take orders

/teɪk ˈɔːdəz/

coll.

nhận gọi món/đơn hàng

74

wait at/on tables

/weɪt ət/

coll.

phục vụ bàn

75

collect payment

/kəˈlekt ˈpeɪmənt/

coll.

thu tiền

76

greet customers/guests

/ɡriːt ˈkʌstəməz/

coll.

chào khách

77

design displays

/dɪˈzaɪn dɪˈspleɪz/

coll.

thiết kế khu trưng bày

78

give sb a bonus

/ɡɪv ə ˈbəʊnəs/

coll.

thưởng cho ai

79

have an interview

/hæv ən ˈɪntəvjuː/

coll.

có buổi phỏng vấn

80

perform duties

/pəˈfɔːm ˈdjuːtiz/

coll.

thực hiện nhiệm vụ

81

show interest in sth

/ʃəʊ ˈɪntrəst ɪn/

coll.

thể hiện sự quan tâm

82

make a mistake

/meɪk ə mɪˈsteɪk/

coll.

mắc lỗi

83

endure pain

/ɪnˈdjʊə peɪn/

coll.

chịu đau

84

hold the record for sth

/həʊld ðə ˈrekɔːd fə/

coll.

giữ kỷ lục về cái gì

85

meet sb in person

/miːt ɪn ˈpɜːsn/

coll.

gặp trực tiếp ai

CỤM ĐỘNG TỪ / CẤU TRÚC

STT

CẤU TRÚC

NGHĨA

1

look after sb/sth

chăm sóc

2

take care of sb/sth

chăm sóc

3

apply for sth

nộp đơn, ứng tuyển

4

open up sth

mở ra cái gì

5

take on sth/sb

đảm nhận; thuê

6

go into + career/field

đi theo nghề/lĩnh vực

7

interfere with sth

gây trở ngại, ảnh hưởng

8

concentrate on sth

tập trung vào

9

communicate with sb

giao tiếp với ai

10

interact with sb

tương tác với ai

11

assist sb with sth

hỗ trợ ai việc gì

12

show sb to + place

dẫn ai đến nơi nào

13

dive into sth

lặn xuống; đi sâu vào

14

crawl around

bò/trườn quanh

15

push sb into sth

đẩy ai vào đâu

16

squeeze oneself into sth

chen/chui vào nơi chật

17

give rise to sth

làm phát sinh cái gì

18

carry out sth

tiến hành, thực hiện

19

give up sth/V-ing

từ bỏ

20

work as a/an + job

làm nghề gì

21

work in + place/field

làm trong nơi/lĩnh vực nào

22

be on the night shift

trực ca đêm

23

be relevant to sth

liên quan đến cái gì

24

be employed in + field

làm trong lĩnh vực nào

25

be responsible for V-ing/sth

chịu trách nhiệm làm gì

26

be suitable for sb/sth

phù hợp với ai/cái gì

27

be fluent in + language

thông thạo ngôn ngữ nào

28

be willing to V

sẵn sàng làm gì

29

be available to V

có thể/sẵn sàng làm gì

30

be available for an interview

có thể tham gia phỏng vấn

31

be available to start work

có thể bắt đầu làm việc

32

be delighted to V

rất vui được làm gì

33

be good at V-ing/sth

giỏi việc gì

34

be worried/nervous about sth

lo lắng về cái gì

35

be afraid of sth/V-ing

sợ cái gì/việc gì

36

be under pressure

chịu áp lực

37

be looking for sb to V

đang tìm người để làm gì

38

require sb to V

yêu cầu ai làm gì

39

be required to V

được yêu cầu làm gì

40

make sb feel + adj

khiến ai cảm thấy thế nào

41

look forward to V-ing/sth

mong chờ điều gì

42

thank sb for sth/V-ing

cảm ơn ai vì điều gì

43

follow in sb’s footsteps

nối nghiệp ai

44

have nothing to worry about

không có gì phải lo

45

for reference

để tham khảo

46

in demand

có nhu cầu cao

47

on average

trung bình

48

have no fear of heights

không sợ độ cao

 

II. GRAMMAR

Câu Đơn - Câu Phức - Câu Ghép
(Simple Sentences - Complex Sentences - Compound Sentences & Compound-Complex Sentences)

 “Đây là dạng ngữ pháp căn bản nhưng rất quan trọng. Khi nắm vững phần này, các em sẽ hiểu rõ cách một câu được hình thành, từ đó ứng dụng hiệu quả vào các bài tập đục lỗ 5 câu trong đề thi THPT ở câu ngữ pháp mà chưa cần phải dịch nghĩa. Vì vậy, cần học kỹ các thành phần trong câu, các kiểu cấu trúc câu và vai trò của từng thành phần, đặc biệt là động từ chính, vì đây là yếu tố quyết định câu đã hoàn chỉnh hay chưa.”

Thành phần cơ bản trong câu

Một câu thường xoay quanh chủ ngữ và động từ; các thành phần khác có thể bổ sung ý nghĩa cho hành động, trạng thái hoặc hoàn cảnh.

Thành phần

Nghĩa

Subject

Chủ ngữ: người, vật hoặc sự việc được nói đến trong câu.

Verb

Động từ: diễn tả hành động hoặc trạng thái.

Object

Tân ngữ: người hoặc vật chịu tác động của hành động.

Complement

Bổ ngữ: bổ sung ý nghĩa cho chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ.

Adverbial

Trạng ngữ: chỉ thời gian, nơi chốn, cách thức, lý do...

Mệnh đề là gì?

Mệnh đề là một nhóm từ có chủ ngữ và động từ. Khi phân loại câu, điều quan trọng không phải câu dài hay ngắn, mà là câu có bao nhiêu mệnh đề độc lập và bao nhiêu mệnh đề phụ thuộc.

Loại mệnh đề

Đặc điểm

Ví dụ

Mệnh đề độc lập

Có đủ nghĩa và có thể đứng một mình thành câu hoàn chỉnh.

She studies English.

Mệnh đề phụ thuộc

Có chủ ngữ và động từ nhưng chưa đủ nghĩa, không thể đứng một mình.

because she studies English

Câu đơn (Simple Sentence)

Câu đơn là câu chỉ có một mệnh đề độc lập. Câu đơn có thể rất ngắn hoặc khá dài, nhưng vẫn chỉ có một mệnh đề chính.

Lưu ý: Câu đơn không có nghĩa là câu phải ngắn. Một câu dài vẫn có thể là câu đơn nếu chỉ có một mệnh đề độc lập. 

Các mẫu câu đơn phổ biến

Mẫu câu

Ví dụ

Phân tích

S + V

She sleeps.

She = S; sleeps = V.

S + V + O

He reads a book.

He = S; reads = V; a book = O.

S + V + C

She seems happy.

She = S; seems = V; happy = C.

S + V + A

She runs quickly.

She = S; runs = V; quickly = A.

S + V + O + O

She gave him a gift.

him = tân ngữ gián tiếp; a gift = tân ngữ trực tiếp.

S + V + O + C

They elected him president.

him = O; president = C, bổ nghĩa cho him.

Mở rộng câu đơn

Câu đơn có thể được mở rộng bằng cụm từ, tính từ, trạng ngữ hoặc cụm phân từ. Tuy nhiên, nếu không có thêm mệnh đề độc lập hoặc mệnh đề phụ thuộc hữu hạn, câu vẫn được xem là câu đơn trong cách phân loại phổ thông.

∙        Thêm trạng ngữ: She sings beautifully every morning in the park.

∙        Thêm cụm danh từ hoặc cụm tính từ: A tall, handsome young man entered the room.

∙        Thêm cụm phân từ/rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ: The man wearing a hat is my uncle.

Lưu ý: Câu “Tom and Jerry run and play every day” vẫn là câu đơn. Dù có hai chủ ngữ và hai động từ nối bằng and, câu vẫn chỉ diễn đạt một mệnh đề chính.

Câu phức (Complex Sentence)

Câu phức là câu có một mệnh đề độc lập và ít nhất một mệnh đề phụ thuộc. Mệnh đề phụ thuộc không đứng một mình được; nó cần mệnh đề chính để tạo thành một câu hoàn chỉnh.

Công thức

Ví dụ

Mệnh đề chính + mệnh đề phụ thuộc

She left because she was tired.

Mệnh đề phụ thuộc, mệnh đề chính

Because she was tired, she left.

Lưu ý: Khi mệnh đề phụ thuộc đứng trước mệnh đề chính, thường dùng dấu phẩy sau mệnh đề phụ thuộc.

Câu phức với mệnh đề trạng ngữ

Mệnh đề trạng ngữ bổ sung thông tin về thời gian, nguyên nhân, điều kiện, nhượng bộ, mục đích, kết quả, cách thức hoặc nơi chốn.

Ý nghĩa

Liên từ thường gặp

Ví dụ

Thời gian

when, while, before, after, since, until, as soon as, once

She called me when I arrived.

Nguyên nhân

because, since, as

He failed because he didn't study.

Nhượng bộ

although, though, even though

She smiled although she was sad.

Điều kiện

if, unless, provided that, as long as

If it rains, we'll stay home.

Mục đích

so that, in order that

He works hard so that he can succeed.

Kết quả

so...that, such...that

She was so tired that she fell asleep.

Cách thức

as, as if, as though

She speaks as if she were a native speaker.

Nơi chốn

where, wherever

Go where you want.

Câu phức với mệnh đề danh từ

Mệnh đề danh từ có chức năng như một danh từ trong câu. Nó có thể làm chủ ngữ, tân ngữ hoặc bổ ngữ.

 

Chức năng

Ví dụ

that

Theo sau các động từ: know, think, believe,...

I know that she is telling the truth.

what, which, who, whom, whose

Dùng trong câu hỏi gián tiếp hoặc mệnh đề danh từ

What you said surprised everyone.

whether / if

Dùng trong câu hỏi gián tiếp Yes/No

She asked whether he would come.

where, when, why, how

Dùng với ý nghĩa nơi chốn, thời gian, lý do, cách thức

Nobody knows where he went.

that

Theo sau các động từ: know, think, believe,...

I know that she is telling the truth.

what, which, who, whom, whose

Dùng trong câu hỏi gián tiếp hoặc mệnh đề danh từ

What you said surprised everyone.

Câu phức với mệnh đề quan hệ

Mệnh đề quan hệ bổ nghĩa cho một danh từ hoặc đại từ đứng trước nó. Loại mệnh đề này còn được gọi là mệnh đề tính từ.

Đại từ

Chức năng

Ví dụ

who

Chỉ người, thường làm chủ ngữ

The girl who called you is my sister.

whom

Chỉ người, làm tân ngữ

The man whom you met is a professor.

whose

Chỉ sự sở hữu

I know the boy whose father is a pilot.

which

Chỉ vật hoặc sự việc

The book which I read was excellent.

that

Chỉ người hoặc vật

The movie that we watched was boring.

where

Chỉ nơi chốn

The city where she lives is beautiful.

Câu ghép (Compound Sentence)

Câu ghép là câu có hai hoặc nhiều mệnh đề độc lập. Các mệnh đề này có vai trò tương đối ngang hàng và có thể đứng riêng thành những câu đơn hoàn chỉnh.

Nối câu ghép bằng liên từ kết hợp FANBOYS

Liên từ

Nghĩa

Chức năng

for

vì

Giải thích lý do

and

và

Thêm thông tin

nor

cũng không

Nối hai ý phủ định

but

nhưng

Đối lập

or

hoặc

Lựa chọn

yet

nhưng

Đối lập bất ngờ

so

vì vậy

Kết quả

Lưu ý: Khi nối hai mệnh đề độc lập đầy đủ bằng FANBOYS, thường đặt dấu phẩy trước liên từ. Nếu chỉ nối hai từ hoặc hai cụm từ, thường không dùng dấu phẩy.

Nối câu ghép bằng dấu chấm phẩy

Dấu chấm phẩy có thể nối hai mệnh đề độc lập có quan hệ ý nghĩa gần nhau. Cách này thường gặp trong văn viết trang trọng hoặc học thuật.

Ví dụ: She worked all night; she finished the project. (Cô ấy làm việc cả đêm; cô ấy đã hoàn thành dự án.)

Câu ghép-phức (Compound-Complex Sentence)

Câu ghép-phức có ít nhất hai mệnh đề độc lập và ít nhất một mệnh đề phụ thuộc. Ví dụ: Although the shift was demanding, Lan stayed calm, and she completed every task on time.

III. EXERCISES

Exercise 1: Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

 

Question 1: When local cafés cannot predict tourist numbers during festivals, managers often offer __________ instead of permanent contracts.

A.  fixed salaries        

B.  casual work        

C.  paid leave        

D.  annual bonuses

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Question 2: After comparing several employee reviews, Linh decided to __________ the paid internship and sent her CV.

A.  look after        

B.  turn down        

C.  apply for        

D.  carry out

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Question 3: The safety briefing is __________ warehouse staff who handle chemicals, not office interns working upstairs.

A.  suitable with        

B.  responsible for        

C.  available to        

D.  relevant to

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Question 4: Many graduates describe their first community project as __________ because it taught leadership beyond textbooks.

A.  rewarding        

B.  repetitive        

C.  vacant        

D.  casual

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Question 5: Recruiters value __________ when applicants must calm customers, explain delays, and negotiate solutions online.

A.  communication strong skills        

B.  skills strong communication

C.  strong communication skills        

D.  strong skills communication

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Question 6: A fair __________ explains overtime rules clearly instead of hiding them until contracts are signed.

A.  interviewer        

B.  employer        

C.  applicant        

D.  reviewer

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Question 7: Before changing pay rules, the union will __________ a survey about staff satisfaction and promotion fairness.

A.  put off        

B.  go over        

C.  take in        

D.  carry out

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Question 8: Schedule __________ is now a major reason why parents remain with one employer after returning.

A.  flexible        

B.  flexibly        

C.  inflexible        

D.  flexibility

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Question 9: The interview panel asked whether I was __________ a second interview if shortlisted next week.

A.  responsible for        

B.  worried about        

C.  available for        

D.  good at

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Question 10: Instead of entering university immediately, Huy chose an __________ with a local engineering company.

A.  advertisement        

B.  apprenticeship        

C.  application        

D.  interviewee

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Question 11: The company posted a new __________ after two receptionists left for better-paid work abroad.

A.  retirement plan        

B.  safety rule        

C.  job interview        

D.  job vacancy

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Question 12: In group interviews, applicants should __________ others without interrupting or dominating the discussion.

A.  interact with        

B.  interfere with        

C.  break away from        

D.  look down on

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Question 13: Many gig workers worry that their monthly __________ changes too much to plan rent confidently.

A.  wage        

B.  salary        

C.  income        

D.  bonus

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Question 14: Interview __________ can make strong candidates speak too quickly and forget prepared examples.

A.  anxious        

B.  anxiety        

C.  anxiously        

D.  anxiousness

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Question 15: In most cafés, the shift leader is __________ checking cash and closing the counter safely.

A.  responsible for        

B.  worried about        

C.  suitable with        

D.  nervous to

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Question 16: Nursing can be a __________ because employees must stay calm during emergencies and long night shifts.

A.  casual position        

B.  vacant role        

C.  profitable business        

D.  demanding job

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Question 17: For this technical role, experience matters, but a formal __________ is still required.

A.  job reference        

B.  training bonus        

C.  academic qualification        

D.  employee review

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Question 18: Remote employees still __________ to headquarters twice a month for training and performance reviews.

A.  crawl        

B.  commute        

C.  resell        

D.  donate

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Question 19: Employees who speak Japanese __________ can support international clients without waiting for translators.

A.  fluent        

B.  fluency        

C.  influence        

D.  fluently

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Question 20: Older workers may value job security, __________ younger workers often prefer flexible careers and rapid promotion.

A.  whereas        

B.  unless        

C.  because        

D.  therefore

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Question 21: Single parents sometimes choose the __________ because it lets them attend school meetings during daytime.

A.  job vacancy        

B.  bonus system        

C.  night shift        

D.  salary review

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Question 22: To reduce waiting times, the clinic will __________ two part-time receptionists before flu season starts.

A.  take after        

B.  take on        

C.  go through        

D.  fall behind

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Question 23: The candidate showed a clear __________ for hybrid work after explaining his long commute.

A.  preference        

B.  regulation        

C.  donation        

D.  repetition

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Question 24: The new factory offers __________ so beginners learn safety rules while working beside technicians.

A.  training practical on-the-job        

B.  practical training on-the-job

C.  on-the-job practical training        

D.  practical on-the-job training

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Question 25: A new __________ may feel ignored during probation if managers assign tasks without context.

A.  employer        

B.  interviewer        

C.  employee        

D.  reviewer

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Question 26: The team’s __________ improved after managers replaced unrealistic targets with coaching and clearer feedback.

A.  income        

B.  performance        

C.  retirement        

D.  vacancy

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Question 27: The clinic struggled to __________ after its experienced receptionist moved abroad last month.

A.  make a mistake        

B.  hold a record        

C.  design displays        

D.  fill a vacancy

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Question 28: __________ the internship is unpaid, many students accept it to gain experience before graduation.

A.  Although        

B.  Because        

C.  Therefore        

D.  Unless

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Question 29: A candidate may be technically __________ but still unsuitable if teamwork and communication are weak.

A.  unemployed        

B.  vacant        

C.  qualified        

D.  voluntary

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Question 30: Before the restaurant opens, new waiters practise how to __________ using sample menus.

A.  collect payment        

B.  take orders        

C.  check attendance        

D.  give bonuses

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Question 31: During the charity week, employees made a __________ to a shelter for unemployed parents.

A.  donation        

B.  salary        

C.  vacancy        

D.  review

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Question 32: Senior staff will __________ training new cashiers on the payment system during their first week.

A.  catch up with        

B.  put up with        

C.  assist with        

D.  get away with

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Question 33: Many people plan for __________ early because healthcare and housing costs are rising quickly.

A.  retire        

B.  retired        

C.  retirement        

D.  retiring

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Question 34: After months of volunteering, Mai was invited to __________ a teaching assistant at the centre.

A.  worry about        

B.  work as        

C.  refer for        

D.  apply to

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Question 35: Many parents would accept lower pay if a company offered __________ during school holidays.

A.  flexible work schedule         

B.  work flexible schedule        

C.  flexible schedule work         

D.  schedule flexible work

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Question 36: Because the customer was angry, the cashier handled the refund __________ and protected the store’s reputation.

A.  profession        

B.  professional        

C.  professionalism        

D.  professionally

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Question 37: A transparent __________ should mention salary range, working hours, and whether remote work is allowed.

A.  curriculum vitae        

B.  reference letter        

C.  job advertisement        

D.  retirement notice

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Question 38: Team leaders should __________ remote staff regularly so that small problems are noticed early.

A.  assist for        

B.  communicate with        

C.  interfere to        

D.  concentrate with

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Question 39: Keep the interview schedule __________ because the panel may change rooms tomorrow morning.

A.  for reference        

B.  in demand        

C.  on average        

D.  under pressure

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Question 40: Packing the same item for ten hours can become a __________ without task rotation.

A.  casual position        

B.  academic course        

C.  voluntary event        

D.  repetitive job

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Question 41: AI translation tools can __________ customer-service roles for applicants who speak only one language.

A.  cut down        

B.  give up        

C.  open up        

D.  call off

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Question 42: After careful __________, the panel delayed the promotion because performance evidence was incomplete.

A.  considerable        

B.  consideration        

C.  considerate        

D.  consider

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Question 43: Candidates may lose credibility with recruiters __________ they exaggerate experience during recorded video interviews.

A.  because        

B.  although        

C.  whereas        

D.  unless

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Question 44: Assembly plants increasingly need __________ who can read digital instructions and report faults quickly.

A.  skilled factory workers        

B.  factory skilled workers        

C.  skilled workers factory        

D.  workers skilled factory

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Question 45: A weekend __________ at a food bank can teach teenagers teamwork before paid employment.

A.  applicant        

B.  donor        

C.  volunteer        

D.  advertiser

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Question 46: Even experienced candidates may feel __________ salary negotiations when the job market is uncertain.

A.  available for        

B.  nervous about        

C.  responsible for        

D.  relevant to

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Question 47: Working parents often hire students to __________ young children when meetings finish late.

A.  look after        

B.  apply for        

C.  give up        

D.  dive into

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Question 48: This role is __________ graduates who enjoy problem-solving and can travel between branches.

A.  worried about        

B.  afraid of        

C.  relevant with        

D.  suitable for

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Question 49: Youth __________ can rise when companies require experience for simple entry-level jobs.

A.  unemployed        

B.  employ        

C.  unemployment        

D.  employer

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Question 50: A higher __________ attracts applicants initially, but respectful managers usually keep them longer.

A.  bonus        

B.  salary        

C.  donation        

D.  reference

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Question 51: He wants to __________ his mother’s footsteps in nursing, yet he prefers community clinics.

A.  follow in        

B.  look forward        

C.  be good        

D.  be afraid

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Question 52: Applicants fluent __________ Mandarin were invited first because the company serves many Chinese clients.

A.  at        

B.  for        

C.  with        

D.  in

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Question 53: Mental-health support is a valuable __________ when employees handle stressful calls all day.

A.  regulation        

B.  vacancy        

C.  benefit        

D.  repetition

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Question 54: During online interviews, candidates must __________ the question instead of memorising long answers.

A.  apply for        

B.  concentrate on        

C.  look after        

D.  give rise to

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Question 55: A __________ can reduce turnover by explaining goals, listening carefully, and giving fair feedback.

A.  responsible team leader        

B.  team responsible leader        

C.  leader responsible team        

D.  responsible leader team

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Question 56: The selected trainee is __________ next month, so the supervisor can plan orientation early.

A.  employed in        

B.  suitable for        

C.  nervous about        

D.  available to start work

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Question 57: The __________ smiled politely, but his questions about unpaid overtime made applicants uncomfortable.

A.  employer        

B.  interviewer        

C.  employee        

D.  volunteer

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Question 58: A concise __________ helps recruiters compare qualifications when hundreds of applications arrive daily.

A.  advertisement        

B.  reference        

C.  curriculum vitae        

D.  regulation

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Question 59: The repair shop became __________ after it offered mobile services for busy office workers.

A.  profitable        

B.  voluntary        

C.  unemployed        

D.  repetitive

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Question 60: The hotel trained staff online before reopening; __________, complaints fell during the first month.

A.  although        

B.  unless        

C.  whereas        

D.  therefore

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Question 61: Before the safety briefing, supervisors __________ so missing workers can be contacted immediately.

A.  take orders        

B.  check attendance        

C.  greet customers        

D.  hold records

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Question 62: For client-facing jobs, employers often prefer __________ over high grades alone.

A.  work relevant experience        

B.  experience relevant work        

C.  relevant work experience        

D.  relevant experience work

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Question 63: Each __________ must show identification before entering the assessment room for the final interview.

A.  interviewer        

B.  employer        

C.  donor        

D.  applicant

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Question 64: Some riders accept a low __________ because app-based work pays immediately after each delivery.

A.  salary        

B.  income        

C.  bonus        

D.  wage

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Question 65: Unclear promotion rules can __________ conflict when employees believe bonuses are given unfairly.

A.  give up        

B.  look after        

C.  give rise to        

D.  take care of

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Question 66: At the end of each meal, restaurant staff must __________ quickly and thank guests politely.

A.  design displays        

B.  collect payment        

C.  check attendance        

D.  make mistakes

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Question 67: After three back-to-back interviews, several candidates looked __________ and answered simple questions poorly.

A.  stressed        

B.  stress        

C.  stressful        

D.  stressfully

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Question 68: Security guards must __________ calmly even when visitors complain about long reception queues.

A.  take orders        

B.  collect payment        

C.  check attendance        

D.  perform duties

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Question 69: An __________ applicant may be enthusiastic but still need close supervision while learning technical tasks.

A.  skilled        

B.  qualified        C. inexperienced        

D.  experienced

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Question 70: The receptionist should __________ the interviewee __________ a quieter room if the lobby is noisy.

A.  assist / with        

B.  show / to        

C.  push / into        

D.  apply / for

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Question 71: Some graduates prefer to __________ education technology rather than traditional classroom teaching.

A.  work in        

B.  worry about        

C.  apply to        

D.  refer for

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Question 72: Automated packing lines help teams __________ during demand spikes without forcing weekend overtime.

A.  collect payment        

B.  design displays        

C.  greet customers        

D.  meet production targets

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Question 73: The branch promoted an __________ after customer complaints dropped for four consecutive months.

A.  manager experienced retail        

B.  retail experienced manager

C.  experienced retail manager        

D.  experienced manager retail

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Question 74: The company partnered with a local __________ to offer interview clothes to unemployed workers.

A.  advertiser        

B.  charity        

C.  reviewer        

D.  commuter

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Question 75: When online orders double, warehouse employees are __________ to pack faster without mistakes.

A.  under pressure        

B.  in demand        

C.  for reference        

D.  on average

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Question 76: A cashier must be __________ collecting payment accurately when several customers queue at lunchtime.

A.  afraid of        

B.  responsible to        

C.  available for        

D.  good at

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Question 77: Applicants must __________ certificates through the portal before HR can verify their qualifications.

A.  donate        

B.  advertise        

C.  submit        

D.  retire

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Question 78: Managers tell interns to __________ company laptops because repair costs reduce the training budget.

A.  look forward to        

B.  take care of        

C.  interfere with        

D.  open up

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Question 79: Seasonal jobs in the __________ teach students how to handle complaints politely.

A.  advertising campaign                       

B.  railway station        

C.  hospitality industry                     

D.  diving course

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Question 80: Volunteering in a hospital can become a __________ because students learn teamwork and patient care.

A.  entry-level rewarding role        

B.  role rewarding entry-level

C.  rewarding role entry-level        

D.  rewarding entry-level role

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Exercise 2: Choose the word closest in meaning to the word/phrase in bold.

 


Question 1: Many young workers prefer a flexible schedule because they can choose different working hours during the week.

A.  regular        

B.  reliable        

C.  adjustable        

D.  suitable

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Question 2: Being a hotel manager is a demanding job because it requires patience, quick decisions and strong communication skills.

A.  challenging        

B.  repetitive        

C.  profitable        

D.  casual

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Question 3: Although teaching young children can be tiring, many teachers find the work deeply rewarding.

A.  profitable        

B.  flexible        

C.  suitable        

D.  fulfilling

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Question 4: The company posted a vacancy for a part-time assistant in its customer service department.

A.  job listing        

B.  job opening        

C.  staff shortage        

D.  work schedule

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Question 5: Applicants must have an academic qualification in business or tourism before applying for this position.

A.  work experience        

B.  personal reference        

C.  educational credential        

D.  interview result

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Question 6: During the summer, many students look for casual work in cafes, shops or small restaurants.

A.  temporary employment        

B.  regular position        

C.  professional training                  

D.  official duty

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Question 7: The internship helped Linh gain experience in dealing with customers and solving simple workplace problems.

A.  receive formal payment        

B.  follow workplace rules        

C.  complete daily tasks                   

D.  build practical knowledge

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Question 8: The manager hopes to fill a vacancy before the busy tourist season begins.

A.  train someone for the role        

B.  hire someone for the post        

C.  interview someone for the job        

D.  reward someone for the work

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Question 9: The small restaurant decided to take on two extra waiters during the holiday period.

A.  bring in        

B.  keep on        

C.  lay off        

D.  look after

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Question 10: New employees often feel under pressure when they have to meet production targets every day.

A.  under contract        

B.  under review        

C.  under strain        

D.  under supervision

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Exercise 3: Choose the word opposite in meaning to the word/phrase in bold.

 

Question 1: The café needs flexible staff who can swap shifts when weekend bookings suddenly increase.

A.  adaptable        

B.  reliable        

C.  rigid        

D.  available

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Question 2: The training course is affordable for part-time workers because the company pays half of the fee.

A.  expensive        

B.  suitable        

C.  reasonable        

D.  practical

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Question 3: The manager had to go on a business trip to meet several important clients in Singapore.

A.  attend a meeting        

B.  stay at the office        

C.  travel for work        

D.  visit a branch

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Question 4: This factory job is repetitive, so workers do the same small task hundreds of times a day.

A.  regular        

B.  routine        

C.  varied        

D.  demanding

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Question 5: The internship is voluntary, so students can join the project without being forced by the school.

A.  optional        

B.  charitable        

C.  temporary        

D.  compulsory

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Question 6: The restaurant offers casual work for students who only want weekend shifts during the summer.

A.  shift        

B.  seasonal        

C.  volunteer        

D.  permanent

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Question 7: A demanding job can be exciting, but it often leaves employees tired after long shifts.

A.  a stressful job        

B.  an undemanding job        

C.  a repetitive job        

D.  a rewarding job

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Question 8: The weekend market was profitable because the stall sold almost all of its handmade products.

A.  successful        

B.  rewarding        

C.  loss-making        

D.  productive

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Question 9: During the final interview, Mai was under pressure because three managers were checking every answer.

A.  under stress        

B.  in doubt        

C.  at ease        

D.  on alert

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Question 10: Many applicants give up their search after several rejections, although better vacancies may appear later.

A.  look after        

B.  carry on with        

C.  take care of        

D.  apply for

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Exercise 4: Identify the sentence structures and clause types in the following sentences

 

Question 1: Although he had prepared thoroughly for the interview, he still felt incredibly nervous as the meeting with the employer approached.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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Question 2: She applied for the job vacancy, but she didn’t feel fully qualified, so she reviewed her CV again.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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Question 3: The interview was postponed until next week, which gave the candidate much more time to improve her communication skills.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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Question 4: If you had checked the company regulations carefully, you might have avoided the mistakes that arose later.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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Question 5: I was under pressure, so I took a short break, but I still felt stressed afterward.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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Question 6: Once the night shift was over, the employees felt much more relaxed and confident about their performance.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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Question 7: The railway station attendant is standing at the information desk, greeting customers and answering their questions.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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Question 8: No matter how demanding the job was, we decided to continue working, and the chance for promotion was much more rewarding than expected.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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Question 9: She loves working in the hospitality industry, and she has gained experience in several hotels, but she still hasn’t worked as a manager.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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Question 10: She didn’t submit her application on time because she had been working the night shift, but the employer gave her another chance.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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Question 11: She started a new position last week, and she’s been very busy, but she enjoys the responsibility and is learning a lot.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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Question 12: Even though John had excellent academic qualifications, he failed the interview, which surprised everyone, considering how hard he had prepared.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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Question 13: As soon as the staff meeting was over, I called the new applicant, and we arranged an interview, where we discussed his experience and long-term goals.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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Question 14: The team worked hard, but they didn’t meet production targets because the schedule was too inflexible and the workload was much heavier than expected.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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Question 15: I was about to go on a business trip when my manager called, so I had to wait, which made me leave much later than planned.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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Exercise 5: Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

 

Question 1: The team worked hard to meet production targets, __________.

A.  despite the deadline was too tight        

B.  which makes them disappointed

C.  but they still failed to finish the order on time        

D.  failed to finish the order on time

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Question 2: The deadline having been extended, __________.

A.  so the employees reviewed their reports again

B.  because the employees reviewed their reports again

C.  the employees reviewed their reports again

D.  which allowed the employees reviewed their reports again

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Question 3: The manager explained __________.

A.  why was the application rejected        

B.  that why the application was rejected

C.  why the application was rejected        

D.  the application was rejected why

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Question 4: Although the night shift was demanding and stressful, __________.

A.  because the employees were under pressure

B.  which made the employees tired

C.  the employees completed all their duties on time

D.  completing all their duties on time

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Question 5: He completed the training course. He started his new job confidently.

A.  Completing the training course, he had started his new job confidently.

B.  Having completed the training course, he started his new job confidently.

C.  He completed the training course, having started his new job confidently.

D.  Completed the training course, he started his new job confidently.

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Question 6: The company received many applications. The interview process took longer than expected.

A.  The company received many applications; the interview process took longer than expected.

B.  The company received many applications; because the interview process took longer than expected.

C.  The company received many applications, because the interview process took longer than expected.

D.  The company received many applications, which the interview process took longer than expected.

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Question 7: Ms. Carter, the most experienced interviewer in the department, __________.

A.  who asked difficult questions during the interview        

B.  asking difficult questions during the interview

C.  asked difficult questions during the interview        

D.  that asked difficult questions during the interview

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Question 8: Having gained experience in the hospitality industry, __________.

A.  the position was suitable for Maria        

B.  Maria applied for a higher position

C.  which helped Maria apply for a higher position        

D.  and Maria applied for a higher position

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Question 9: She gained experience in customer service. She applied for a better position.

A.  Having gained experience in customer service, she applied for a better position.

B.  Gained experience in customer service, she applied for a better position.

C.  She gained experience in customer service, because applying for a better position.

D.  She applied for a better position, gaining experience in customer service.

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Question 10: The interview was moved to next Monday, __________.

A.  that gave the candidate more time to prepare        

B.  which gave the candidate more time to prepare

C.  giving the candidate more time to prepare it        

D.  and which gave the candidate more time to prepare

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Question 11: The candidate was not selected for the position __________.

A.  because his experience was not relevant to the job

B.  because of his experience was not relevant to the job

C.  due to he lacked relevant experience

D.  which his experience was not relevant to the job

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Question 12: The company is looking for applicants __________.

A.  they have strong organisational skills        

B.  who have strong organisational skills

C.  having they strong organisational skills        

D.  whose have strong organisational skills

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Question 13: The applicant, a recent graduate with strong communication skills, __________.

A.  who applied for the marketing position        

B.  applying for the marketing position

C.  applied for the marketing position        

D.  that applied for the marketing position

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Question 14: The deadline was close. The team worked overtime.

A.  The deadline was close, but the team worked overtime.

B.  The deadline was close, so the team worked overtime.

C.  The deadline was close, or the team worked overtime.

D.  The deadline was close, yet the team worked overtime.

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Question 15: The candidate, who had gained experience in customer service, __________.

A.  submitted her CV before the deadline        

B.  who submitted her CV before the deadline

C.  submitting her CV before the deadline        

D.  because she submitted her CV before the deadline

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Question 16: The interview was postponed. This gave the candidate more time to prepare.

A.  The interview was postponed, which gave the candidate more time to prepare.

B.  The interview was postponed that gave the candidate more time to prepare.

C.  The interview was postponed because gave the candidate more time to prepare.

D.  The interview was postponed, so which gave the candidate more time to prepare.

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Question 17: The position offered a high salary; however, __________.

A.  because the working hours were inflexible

B.  which made many applicants hesitate

C.  many applicants hesitated because the working hours were inflexible

D.  having inflexible working hours

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Question 18: The deadline was approaching; __________.

A.  because the employees worked overtime

B.  the employees worked overtime to finish the report

C.  and the employees worked overtime to finish the report

D.  working overtime to finish the report

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Question 19: The company introduced flexible working hours, __________.

A.  which employees feel less stressed        

B.  and reducing stress among employees

C.  reducing stress among employees        

D.  reduced stress among employees

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Question 20: Selected from more than 200 applicants, __________.

A.  the company offered him a position        

B.  the candidate was offered a position

C.  offering the candidate a position        

D.  which the candidate was offered a position

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Question 21: The employees stayed late to finish the report __________.

A.  because the deadline being close        

B. because the deadline was close

C.  due to the deadline was close        

D.  which the deadline was close

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Question 22: The deadline was very close. The team worked overtime.

A.  The deadline was very close, so the team worked overtime.

B.  The deadline was very close because the team worked overtime.

C.  Although the deadline was very close, the team worked overtime.

D.  The team worked overtime, but the deadline was very close.

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Question 23: The final interview having ended, __________.

A.  so the manager announced the result        

B.  because the manager announced the result

C.  the manager announced the result        

D.  which the manager announced the result

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Question 24: Not only did the training programme improve employees' skills, but it also __________.

A.  increased their confidence at work        

B.  increase their confidence at work

C.  increasing their confidence at work        

D.  that increased their confidence at work

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Question 25: The company __________ which offered flexible hours and a chance for promotion.

A.  advertised a new position        

B.  which advertised a new position

C.  advertising a new position        

D.  because it advertised a new position

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Question 26: The job was demanding. The employee performed his duties well.

A.  The job was demanding, so the employee performed his duties well.

B.  The job was demanding because the employee performed his duties well.

C.  Although the job was demanding, the employee performed his duties well.

D.  The employee performed his duties well because the job was demanding.

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Question 27: What many applicants value most in a job __________.

A.  which is flexibility and promotion opportunities

B.  is flexibility and promotion opportunities

C.  being flexibility and promotion opportunities

D.  that is flexibility and promotion opportunities

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Question 28: The salary was not very high. However, many applicants still applied for the position.

A.  The salary was not very high, so many applicants still applied for the position.

B.  The salary was not very high, or many applicants still applied for the position.

C.  The salary was not very high, but many applicants still applied for the position.

D.  The salary was not very high, and few applicants showed interest in the position.

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Question 29: Whether the candidate is suitable for the position __________.

A.  depends on his experience and qualifications

B.  because it depends on his experience and qualifications

C.  which depends on his experience and qualifications

D.  depending on his experience and qualifications

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Question 30: The salary was low. Many applicants still applied for the position.

A.  The salary was low, but many applicants still applied for the position.

B.  Although the salary was low, but many applicants still applied for the position.

C.  The salary was low because many applicants still applied for the position.

D.  The salary was low, so many applicants still applied for the position.

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Question 31: The training centre is very modern. New employees receive on-the-job training there.

A.  The training centre which new employees receive on-the-job training is very modern.

B.  The training centre where new employees receive on-the-job training is very modern.

C.  The training centre when new employees receive on-the-job training is very modern.

D.  The training centre who new employees receive on-the-job training is very modern.

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Question 32: Gaining work experience has become increasingly important in today's competitive job market. It not only opens up new opportunities for employment and promotion but also __________.

A.  provides a competitive edge in a highly demanding and flexible workplace

B.  provide a competitive edge in a highly demanding and flexible workplace

C.  that provides a competitive edge in a highly demanding and flexible workplace

D.  providing a competitive edge in a highly demanding and flexible workplace

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Question 33: Online recruitment platforms, useful tools in the modern workplace, are becoming common in many companies. A fictional platform called WorkLink, for example, __________.

A.  of which the first job vacancy was posted in 2016

B.  was first used to advertise job vacancies in 2016

C.  that had its first job vacancy advertised in 2016

D.  having been initially used to advertise job vacancies in 2016

Question 34, 35:

Gaining early work experience is clearly here to stay. Much of the old stigma has disappeared. Where taking casual work or an apprenticeship was once associated with a certain degree of embarrassment, public attitudes have, fortunately, evolved, and admitting that your first experience came from a part-time position (34) __________.

A.  which is now more of a source of pride than a thing to conceal

B.  is now more of a source of pride than something to conceal

C.  by becoming less embarrassing than people once used to think

D.  more of a self-conscious point of pride than a source of shame

This transformation has not occurred by chance. Prominent figures in the business world increasingly treat on-the-job training with the same respect as formal academic qualifications, a shift (35) __________.

A.  reflected into a broader shift in attitudes towards workplace experience

B.  signalling a broader cultural reassessment of practical work experience

C.  which marking a wider rethinking of employment values in old societies

D.  to mark a wider reconsideration of the value of workplace training

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Question 36:

In the contemporary era of workplace digitalisation, the boundary between an employee’s private self and professional profile has become increasingly porous. As workers engage with online recruitment platforms, company communication systems and performance-tracking tools, they inadvertently cultivate a “digital work record”—a persistent archive of applications, messages, attendance data and workplace interactions that can be analysed by employers or third parties. While many employees initially perceive these systems as tools for efficiency and professional development, the reality is that sophisticated algorithms analyse every data point, (36) __________. This systematic monitoring often transforms workplace behaviour into measurable data, where the employee is no longer merely a participant but also a source of continuous evaluation.

A.  thereby turning patterns of workplace behaviour into predictive models used for performance management

B.  and predictive models are distilled from complex workplace strategies and they transform data

C.  thereby distilling management strategies into predictive models and influencing workplace behaviours

D.  distilling management strategies into targeted predictive models of complex workplace behaviours

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Question 37:

This environment fosters a culture of comparison, where professional value is frequently overshadowed by quantifiable metrics like response time, attendance records and productivity scores. Consequently, many critics reject the assumption (37) __________, arguing that workplace visibility is shaped less by genuine competence than by unstable targets, opaque evaluation systems and the constant demand for measurable performance.

A.  which digital tools and external evaluation can determine professional standing

B.  determines external evaluation effectively while measuring status within workplaces

C.  that productivity metrics reliably determine professional value in highly digital workplaces

D.  and digital validation that consistently determines employee standing among workplaces

Question 38, 39:

Addressing these complexities necessitates a fundamental shift in how digital workplace responsibility is perceived. Governments are struggling to regulate the data-driven employment economy, and the fact that corporate interests often supersede employee rights (38) __________.

A.  that current labour legislation is a formidable challenge

B.  posing a challenge that is formidable to employee protection legislation

C.  and current labour legislation faces a formidable challenge

D.  poses a formidable challenge to current labour legislation

Ultimately, safeguarding autonomy in the modern workplace requires a proactive approach. Workers must ensure that the tools they use (39) __________.

A.  promote meaningful transparency and support ethical data practices

B.  advocate radical data collection and uphold more ethical transparency practices

C.  to uphold radical transparency and to advocate for more ethical data practices

D.  advocate radical transparency practices and uphold ethical models for data collection

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Exercise 6: Read the following passage and circle the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word that best fits each of the numbered blanks.

What does a shop assistant do?

The day-to-day work of a shop assistant includes greeting customers as they enter the store and answering questions about products or services (1) __________ in stores. (2) __________, shop assistants help customers find what they need and inform them (3) __________ price changes. A shop assistant may also assist with complaints about items not working correctly when (4) __________ from a particular location. Successful shop assistants should have excellent communication skills and understand customer (5) __________. They have to be friendly and helpful, especially when working in clothing stores or fashion houses. They also need to have good problem-solving skills and an ability to think on their feet to deal with difficult situations (6) __________ may occur during their working hours. A shop assistant usually works alongside a cashier. The shop assistant directs the customers to cashiers (7) __________ they are ready to purchase items. They might also (8) __________ any cashier duties when understaffed.

Question 1: A. possible        B. available        C. convenient        D. applicable

Question 2: A. Despite        B. Although        C. However        D. In addition

Question 3: A. of        B. in        C. on        D. out

Question 4: A. selected        B. equipped        C. purchased        D. limited

Question 5: A. needs        B. demands        C. offers        D. actions

Question 6: A. when        B. which        C. who        D. where

Question 7: A. who        B. where        C. whom        D. when

Question 8: A. take after        B. take out        C. take over        D. take in

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Exercise 7: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 1 to 10.

The modern workplace rarely announces that it is replacing people. It simply edits the job advertisement until the old vacancy becomes thinner, faster, and less forgiving. A familiar line asks for relevant experience, communication skills, and a useful qualification. Then another line appears, almost politely, asking the applicant to work with systems that draft reports, review applications, measure performance, and answer routine questions. Nothing looks violent. The role has not disappeared. It has been rearranged before the employee arrives.

This is why the question “Will AI take our jobs?” is misleading. [I] A BCG analysis suggests that many roles are more likely to be reshaped than fully replaced, with around half of US jobs facing significant change soon. The machine often takes on the cleanest part of work: checking forms, preparing summaries, sorting data, or carrying out repetitive tasks. [II] They must interpret, calm, negotiate, decide, and explain. Work may become more productive, but also more demanding.

For skilled employees, this can open up better possibilities. A nurse may spend less time on records and more time with patients. A shop assistant may receive faster stock information and serve customers more professionally. [III] A manager may organise schedules with fewer mistakes. Not all automation is a threat. Trouble begins when employers treat saved time as proof that fewer people should endure more pressure. Efficiency, badly managed, can give rise to a workplace where every benefit is counted for the company and every adjustment is handed to the worker.

The sharpest risk sits near the beginning of a career. Young candidates do not gain experience only through grand projects. [IV] They learn through small drafts, patient repetition, first mistakes, and on-the-job training that looks ordinary from outside. If AI removes those first steps, entry level work may require mid level confidence. Raising awareness means naming this problem before it hardens into policy. Exploiting fear means selling nervous students miracle certificates while companies avoid responsibility. The future of employment may depend less on what AI can do than on who is allowed to learn beside it.

[Adapted from BCG, “AI Will Reshape More Jobs Than It Replaces” (2026).]

Question 1: Where in the passage does the following sentence best fit?

What remains for people is less simple.

A. [I]        B. [II]        C. [III]        D. [IV]

Question 2: In which paragraph is early career confidence discussed?
A. Paragraph 1        B. Paragraph 2        C. Paragraph 3        D. Paragraph 4

Question 3: The phrase “less forgiving” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to __________.

A. easier to adjust to                B. stricter about mistakes
C. slower to develop fully        D. wider in responsibility

Question 4: The word “This” in paragraph 2 refers to the idea that __________.

A. job advertisements now require communication skills and qualifications
B. AI may change the nature of a role without making it disappear
C. applicants are often expected to answer routine questions at work
D. modern workplaces rarely describe their hiring process clearly

Question 5: Which of the following is NOT stated or implied in the passage?

A. AI can take over some routine tasks such as sorting data and preparing summaries.
B. Some human work may become more demanding even when productivity improves.
C. Automation may support skilled workers if it is used to reduce routine burdens.
D. BCG claims that entry-level workers will be the first group directly replaced by AI.

Question 6: Which of the following best summarises paragraph 3?

A. Automation mainly benefits skilled workers because it removes most of the difficult parts of their jobs.

B. Skilled employees can use AI well, but they must accept heavier pressure as a natural result of efficiency.

C. AI can improve skilled work, but poor management may turn efficiency into extra pressure on workers.

D. The examples of nurses and managers prove that automation is useful only in professional workplaces.

Question 7: The word “endure” in paragraph 3 is OPPOSITE in meaning to __________.

A. face        B. accept        C. avoid        D. share

Question 8: What can be inferred about small early-career tasks from paragraph 4?

A. They are valuable mainly because they help young workers avoid formal training.

B. They help beginners build the judgement and confidence needed for later work.

C. They should be replaced quickly because they look ordinary from the outside.

D. They matter only when young workers are already handling major projects.

Question 9: Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 4?

A. The future of work will be decided mainly by how powerful AI systems become.

B. Workers who learn with AI will certainly replace those who refuse to use it.

C. The key issue is whether people are given fair chances to develop while using AI.

D. Employment will improve only if young people learn separately from AI systems.

Question 10: Which of the following is the best title for the passage?

A. Smarter Systems, Stronger Skills, and Safer Careers

B. Routine Tasks, Skilled Workers, and Workplace Pressure

C. Faster Training, Higher Productivity, and Fairer Opportunity

D. Reshaped Roles, Rising Pressure, and Unequal Learning

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Exercise 8: Listen to the speaker talking about her typical day. Complete the notes with ONE word from the recording.

A Typical Day

1.        The speaker says that 8:30 is the __________ time she can leave home.

2.        When she arrives at work, she talks about the first __________ she does.

3.        In the afternoon, she makes an effort to __________ up on some unfinished tasks.

4.        She often does small jobs or shopping while she is on her __________ home.

5.        By around 7 o’clock, she tries to be back __________.

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Exercise 9: You will hear a radio conversation between Anna, the presenter, and Chris Svensson, the author of No More Nine to Five. For Question 1, choose A, B or
C. For Questions 2–5, choose A, B, C or D according to the recording.

Question 1: People in traditional workplaces usually worked while they were on holiday.

A. True        B. False        C. Not Given

Question 2: People can now access work emails from their __________.

A. books        B. offices        C. phones        D. families

Question 3: In traditional workplaces, work and private life were __________.

A. clearly divided        B. often mixed        C. badly organized        D. completely flexible

Question 4: Anna thinks modern work sounds like __________.

A. all work        B. no work        C. easy work        D. family work

Question 5: What is one advantage of modern work?

A. People never work late.        B. People can work more flexibly.

C. People stop using emails.        D. People have longer holidays.

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