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TỜ SỐ 13 - UNIT 4 URBANISATION - BÀI TẬP RÈN LUYỆN

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I. VOCABULARY

TỪ VỰNG

STT

TỪ VỰNG

PHIÊN ÂM

TỪ LOẠI

NGHĨA

1

urbanisation

urbanise
urban
urbanised

/ˌɜːbənaɪˈzeɪʃn/
/ˈɜːbənaɪz/
/ˈɜːbən/
/ˈɜːbənaɪzd/

n
v
adj
adj

sự đô thị hoá
đô thị hoá
thuộc đô thị
được đô thị hoá

2

rural

/ˈrʊərəl/

adj

thuộc nông thôn

3

countryside

/ˈkʌntrisaɪd/

n

vùng quê

4

village

/ˈvɪlɪdʒ/

n

ngôi làng

5

resident
residential
reside
residency

/ˈrezɪdənt/
/ˌrezɪˈdenʃl/
/rɪˈzaɪd/
/ˈrezɪdənsi/

n
adj
v
n

cư dân
thuộc khu dân cư
cư trú, sinh sống
sự cư trú

6

comfort
comfortable
uncomfortable
comfortably

/ˈkʌmfət/
/ˈkʌmftəbl/
/ʌnˈkʌmftəbl/
/ˈkʌmftəbli/

n
adj
adj
adv

sự thoải mái
thoải mái
không thoải mái
một cách thoải mái

7

convenience
convenient
inconvenient
conveniently

/kənˈviːniəns/
/kənˈviːniənt/
/ˌɪnkənˈviːniənt/
/kənˈviːniəntli/

n
adj
adj
adv

sự tiện lợi
thuận tiện
bất tiện
một cách thuận tiện

8

crowd
crowded
overcrowded
crowding

/kraʊd/
/ˈkraʊdɪd/
/ˌəʊvəˈkraʊdɪd/
/ˈkraʊdɪŋ/

n/v
adj
adj
n

đám đông; tụ tập
đông đúc
quá đông đúc
sự chen chúc

9

traffic

/ˈtræfɪk/

n

giao thông

10

jam

/dʒæm/

n/v

sự tắc nghẽn; làm tắc

11

facility

/fəˈsɪləti/

n

cơ sở, tiện ích

12

housing

/ˈhaʊzɪŋ/

n

nhà ở

13

infrastructure

/ˈɪnfrəstrʌktʃə/

n

cơ sở hạ tầng

14

afford
affordable

/əˈfɔːd/
/əˈfɔːdəbl/

v
adj

đủ khả năng chi trả
có thể chi trả được

15

expense
expensive
inexpensive

/ɪkˈspens/
/ɪkˈspensɪv/
/ˌɪnɪkˈspensɪv/

n
adj
adj

chi phí
đắt đỏ
không đắt, rẻ

16

employment
unemployment
employ
employer
unemployed

/ɪmˈplɔɪmənt/
/ˌʌnɪmˈplɔɪmənt/
/ɪmˈplɔɪ/
/ɪmˈplɔɪə/
/ˌʌnɪmˈplɔɪd/

n
n
v
n
adj

việc làm
sự thất nghiệp
thuê, tuyển dụng
người sử dụng lao động
thất nghiệp

17

seek

/siːk/

v

tìm kiếm

18

decision
decide
decisive
indecision

/dɪˈsɪʒn/
/dɪˈsaɪd/
/dɪˈsaɪsɪv/
/ˌɪndɪˈsɪʒn/

n
v
adj
n

quyết định
quyết định
quyết đoán
sự thiếu quyết đoán

19

invest
investment
investor

/ɪnˈvest/
/ɪnˈvestmənt/
/ɪnˈvestə/

v
n
n

đầu tư
sự đầu tư
nhà đầu tư

20

improve
improvement

/ɪmˈpruːv/
/ɪmˈpruːvmənt/

v
n

cải thiện
sự cải thiện

21

expand
expansion
expandable

/ɪkˈspænd/
/ɪkˈspænʃn/
/ɪkˈspændəbl/

v
n
adj

mở rộng
sự mở rộng
có thể mở rộng

22

attract
attractive
attraction
attractiveness

/əˈtrækt/
/əˈtræktɪv/
/əˈtrækʃn/
/əˈtræktɪvnəs/

v
adj
n
n

thu hút
hấp dẫn
sự thu hút; điểm hấp dẫn
sự hấp dẫn

23

population
populate
populous

/ˌpɒpjuˈleɪʃn/
/ˈpɒpjuleɪt/
/ˈpɒpjələs/

n
v
adj

dân số
làm cho có dân cư
đông dân

24

modern
modernise
modernisation

/ˈmɒdn/
/ˈmɒdənaɪz/
/ˌmɒdənaɪˈzeɪʃn/

adj
v
n

hiện đại
hiện đại hoá
sự hiện đại hoá

25

architecture

/ˈɑːkɪtektʃə/

n

kiến trúc

26

colonial

/kəˈləʊniəl/

adj

thuộc địa

27

concern
concerned

/kənˈsɜːn/
/kənˈsɜːnd/

n/v
adj

mối lo ngại; làm lo ngại
lo ngại

28

reliable
reliability
reliably

/rɪˈlaɪəbl/
/rɪˌlaɪəˈbɪləti/
/rɪˈlaɪəbli/

adj
n
adv

đáng tin cậy
sự đáng tin cậy
một cách đáng tin cậy

29

emission
emit

/ɪˈmɪʃn/
/ɪˈmɪt/

n
v

khí thải; sự phát ra
thải ra, phát ra

30

pollution
pollute
polluted

/pəˈluːʃn/
/pəˈluːt/
/pəˈluːtɪd/

n
v
adj

ô nhiễm
làm ô nhiễm
bị ô nhiễm

31

smog

/smɒɡ/

n

khói bụi

32

increase

/ɪnˈkriːs/
/ˈɪnkriːs/

v/n

tăng; sự tăng

33

decrease
decreasing

/dɪˈkriːs/
/dɪˈkriːsɪŋ/

v/n
adj

giảm; sự giảm
đang giảm

34

rise

/raɪz/

v/n

tăng; sự tăng

35

fall

/fɔːl/

v/n

giảm; sự giảm

36

rapid
rapidly

/ˈræpɪd/
/ˈræpɪdli/

adj
adv

nhanh chóng
một cách nhanh chóng

37

stable
stability
stabilise / stabilize

/ˈsteɪbl/
/stəˈbɪləti/
/ˈsteɪbəlaɪz/

adj
n
v

ổn định
sự ổn định
làm ổn định

38

slight
slightly

/slaɪt/
/ˈslaɪtli/

adj
adv

nhẹ, nhỏ
một chút, nhẹ

39

steady
steadily

/ˈstedi/
/ˈstedəli/

adj
adv

đều, ổn định
đều đặn

40

flat

/flæt/

n/adj

căn hộ; bằng phẳng

41

immigration
immigrate
immigrant

/ˌɪmɪˈɡreɪʃn/
/ˈɪmɪɡreɪt/
/ˈɪmɪɡrənt/

n
v
n

sự nhập cư
nhập cư
người nhập cư

42

migration
migrate

/maɪˈɡreɪʃn/
/maɪˈɡreɪt/

n
v

sự di cư
di cư

43

coast
coastal

/kəʊst/
/ˈkəʊstl/

n
adj

bờ biển
ven biển

44

agriculture
agricultural

/ˈæɡrɪkʌltʃə/
/ˌæɡrɪˈkʌltʃərəl/

n
adj

nông nghiệp
thuộc nông nghiệp

45

region
regional

/ˈriːdʒən/
/ˈriːdʒənəl/

n
adj

khu vực
thuộc khu vực

46

complaint
complain

/kəmˈpleɪnt/
/kəmˈpleɪn/

n
v

lời phàn nàn
phàn nàn

47

respond
response

/rɪˈspɒnd/
/rɪˈspɒns/

v
n

phản hồi
sự phản hồi

48

apology
apologise / apologize

/əˈpɒlədʒi/
/əˈpɒlədʒaɪz/

n
v

lời xin lỗi
xin lỗi

49

mistake
mistaken

/mɪˈsteɪk/
/mɪˈsteɪkən/

n
adj

lỗi sai
nhầm lẫn

50

equal
equality
equally

/ˈiːkwəl/
/ɪˈkwɒləti/
/ˈiːkwəli/

adj
n
adv

ngang bằng, bình đẳng
sự bình đẳng
một cách bình đẳng

51

community
communal

/kəˈmjuːnəti/
/kəˈmjuːnəl/

n
adj

cộng đồng
thuộc cộng đồng

52

shortage
short
shorten

/ˈʃɔːtɪdʒ/
/ʃɔːt/
/ˈʃɔːtn/

n
adj
v

sự thiếu hụt
ngắn, thiếu
làm ngắn lại

53

farmland
farm
farmer
farming

/ˈfɑːmlænd/
/fɑːm/
/ˈfɑːmə/
/ˈfɑːmɪŋ/

n
n/v
n
n

đất nông nghiệp
nông trại; làm nông
nông dân
nghề nông

54

crime
criminal

/kraɪm/
/ˈkrɪmɪnl/

n
n/adj

tội phạm, tội ác
tội phạm; thuộc tội phạm

55

exhibition
exhibit

/ˌeksɪˈbɪʃn/
/ɪɡˈzɪbɪt/

n
v/n

triển lãm
trưng bày; vật trưng bày

56

childhood
child
children

/ˈtʃaɪldhʊd/
/tʃaɪld/
/ˈtʃɪldrən/

n
n
n

tuổi thơ
trẻ em
những đứa trẻ

57

trade
trader
trading

/treɪd/
/ˈtreɪdə/
/ˈtreɪdɪŋ/

n/v
n
n

thương mại; buôn bán
người buôn bán
hoạt động giao thương

58

craft
craftsman
craftswoman

/krɑːft/
/ˈkrɑːftsmən/
/ˈkrɑːftswʊmən/

n
n
n

nghề thủ công
thợ thủ công nam
thợ thủ công nữ

59

tram

/træm/

n

xe điện

60

dweller
dwell

/ˈdwelə/
/dwel/

n
v

người sống ở một nơi
sống, cư trú

61

stuck
stick

/stʌk/
/stɪk/

adj
v/n

bị mắc kẹt; dạng quá khứ của stick
dính, mắc; cây gậy

62

high-rise building

/ˈhaɪ raɪz ˈbɪldɪŋ/

coll.

toà nhà cao tầng

63

low-rise building

/ˈləʊ raɪz ˈbɪldɪŋ/

coll.

toà nhà thấp tầng

64

traffic congestion

/ˈtræfɪk kənˈdʒestʃən/

coll.

ùn tắc giao thông

65

colonial building

/kəˈləʊniəl ˈbɪldɪŋ/

coll.

công trình thuộc địa

66

upward trend

/ˈʌpwəd trend/

coll.

xu hướng tăng

67

downward trend

/ˈdaʊnwəd trend/

coll.

xu hướng giảm

68

affordable housing

/əˈfɔːdəbl ˈhaʊzɪŋ/

coll.

nhà ở giá phải chăng

CỤM ĐỘNG TỪ / CẤU TRÚC

STT

CẤU TRÚC

NGHĨA

1

get around

đi lại, di chuyển

2

show sb around

dẫn ai đi xem xung quanh

3

bring sth back

mang/gợi cái gì trở lại

4

settle in

ổn định cuộc sống, thích nghi nơi mới

5

go up

tăng lên

6

go down

giảm xuống

7

lead to sth

dẫn đến điều gì

8

result in sth

dẫn đến điều gì

9

deal with sth

xử lý điều gì

10

respond to sth

phản hồi điều gì

11

complain about sth

phàn nàn về điều gì

12

apologise for sth/V-ing

xin lỗi vì điều gì/vì đã làm gì

13

decide on sth

quyết định chọn cái gì

14

decide to V

quyết định làm gì

15

expand into sth

mở rộng thành/vào cái gì

16

migrate to sth

di cư đến đâu

17

move from sth to sth

chuyển từ nơi này sang nơi khác

18

seek better opportunities

tìm kiếm cơ hội tốt hơn

19

find a solution to sth

tìm giải pháp cho điều gì

20

cause concern among sb

gây lo ngại cho ai

21

develop health problems

phát sinh vấn đề sức khoẻ

22

have an effect on sb/sth

có ảnh hưởng đến ai/cái gì

23

describe a trend

mô tả xu hướng

24

do research on sth

nghiên cứu về điều gì

25

give a presentation about sth

thuyết trình về điều gì

26

be sorry about sth

lấy làm tiếc về điều gì

27

response to sth

phản hồi đối với điều gì

28

afford to V

đủ khả năng làm gì

29

be convenient for sb/sth

thuận tiện cho ai/cái gì

30

be home to sb/sth

là nơi có/là quê hương của ai/cái gì

31

be concerned about sth

lo ngại về điều gì

32

concern about sth

mối lo ngại về điều gì

33

the majority of sth

phần lớn cái gì

34

a wide range of sth

nhiều loại cái gì

35

a number of sth

một số/nhiều cái gì

36

the number of sth

số lượng của cái gì

37

be expected to V

được dự đoán sẽ làm gì

38

make sure that clause

đảm bảo rằng…

39

due to sth

do, bởi vì

40

thanks to sth

nhờ vào

41

on the other hand

mặt khác

42

at the same time

đồng thời

43

in addition to sth/V-ing

ngoài cái gì/ngoài việc làm gì

II. GRAMMAR

Thì hiện tại hoàn thành

(Present perfect)

Cách dùng:

Cách dùng thì tại hoàn thành

        Ví dụ:

Diễn tả hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ nhưng không rõ thời gian.

Many families have moved to big cities.

Diễn tả hành động lặp đi lặp lại nhiều lần trong quá khứ.

The city has expanded several times.

Diễn tả hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ nhưng để lại dấu hiệu hoặc hậu quả ở hiện tại.

The population has increased, so traffic is heavier now.

Diễn tả những trải nghiệm.

I have visited a very crowded city.

Diễn tả hành động vừa mới xảy ra hoặc vừa mới kết thúc.

A new metro line has just opened.

Diễn tả những hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ nhưng kéo dài tới hiện tại và vẫn còn có khả năng sẽ tiếp diễn trong tương lai.

Many workers have lived in urban areas for years.

Cấu trúc:

(+) S + has/ have + V3/ed

(–) S + has/ have + not + V3/ed

(?) Has/ Have + S + V3/ed

Ví dụ:

- The city has expanded quickly.

- The government has not built enough affordable houses.

- Have many people moved to urban areas?

Dấu hiệu:

Just = Recently = Lately                Already

Before                Never

Ever                Yet

For + khoảng thời gian                Since + mốc thời gian cụ thể

The first/ second… time                  So far = Until now = Up to now = Up to the present

Quy tắc kết hợp:

Hiện tại hoàn thành, since Quá khứ đơn

The city has grown quickly since it expanded in the 1990s.

Since Quá khứ đơn, Hiện tại hoàn thành

Since the city built a subway line last year, it has reduced traffic.

So sánh kép

(Double comparison)

So sánh lũy tiến:

Cách dùng:

 

Càng ngày... càng; mỗi lúc một HƠN

Với Adj/adv ngắn

S + V + Adj/Adv-er + and + Adj/Adv-er

Với Adj/adv dài

S + V + more and more + Adj/Adv

Ví dụ:

- The city is becoming larger and larger.

- Urban areas are becoming more and more crowded.

Cách dùng:

 

Càng ngày càng ít …; càng ngày càng KÉM

Với Adj/adv

S + V + less and less + Adj/Adv

Với N không đếm được

Less and less + N + V

Với N đếm được số nhiều

Fewer and fewer + N + V

Ví dụ:

- My father becomes less and less strong. 

- Less and less money is spent on this project. 

- There are fewer and fewer green spaces.

So sánh đồng tiến:

Ví dụ:

- The more industries develop, the more pollution cities experience.

- The less planning is done, the more problems arise in urban areas.

- The bigger the city is, the higher the cost of living becomes.

❖        Tính từ một âm tiết tận cùng là 1 phụ âm đơn (trừ: w, x, z) đứng trước một nguyên âm đơn thì gấp đôi phụ âm cuối rồi mới thêm -er/ est

big - bigger - biggest

hot - hotter - hottest

❖        Tính từ 2 âm tiết, tận cùng là: y, le, et, ow, er, biến đổi như tính từ ngắn:

clever - cleverer - cleverest

happy - happier - happiest

quiet - quieter - quietest

❖        Các trường hợp đặc biệt:

Equal degree

Comparative

Superlative

bad/ badly/ ill

worse

worst

good/ well

better

best

much

more

most

little

less

least

far

farther (khoảng cách)

further (thời gian/...)

farthest

furthest

III. EXERCISES

Exercise 1: Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

 

Question 1: Since the metro extension opened, many residents have found cross-city commuting more __________ than before.

A.  crowded        

B.  rural        

C.  convenient        

D.  expensive

Xem chi tiết

Question 2: City officials published a clear __________ residents’ questions about the new bus lanes during last week’s meeting.

A.  apology for        

B.  effect on        

C.  concern in        

D.  response to

Xem chi tiết

Question 3: Rapid __________ has created jobs, but it has also increased pressure on schools and hospitals.

A.  urbanisation        

B.  urbanise        

C.  urban        

D.  urbanised

Xem chi tiết

Question 4: Young nurses have struggled to rent __________ rooms near hospitals because prices have risen sharply.

A.  temporary        

B.  affordable        

C.  residential        

D.  spacious

Xem chi tiết

Question 5: Poor waste management in crowded districts can __________ serious health problems during the rainy season.

A.  belong to        

B.  refer to        

C.  lead to        

D.  listen to

Xem chi tiết

Question 6: In the survey, residents ranked __________ as the biggest problem after housing costs in outer districts.

A.  congestion heavy traffic        

B.  severe traffic congestion        

C.  traffic severe congestion        

D.  severe congestion traffic

Xem chi tiết

Question 7: The air beside the ring road has worsened because vehicle __________ have increased during rush hours.

A.  emissions        

B.  facilities        

C.  residents        

D.  expenses

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Question 8: Many families cannot __________ buy homes close to schools despite working full-time in the capital.

A.  decide to        

B.  manage on        

C.  settle to        

D.  afford to

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Question 9: __________ the city has built wider roads, traffic near schools has not improved much this year.

A.  Although        

B.  Because        

C.  Unless        

D.  Therefore

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Question 10: After three rainy seasons, the district finally upgraded its drainage systems, bridges, and basic __________.

A.  architecture        

B.  infrastructure        

C.  immigration        

D.  congestion

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Question 11: Tourists often struggle to get __________ the old quarter because several streets are pedestrian-only now.

A.  through        

B.  over        

C.  around        

D.  across

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Question 12: After years of debate, the city secured private __________ for electric buses and safer crossings.

A.  investor        

B.  invested        

C.  invest        

D.  investment

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Question 13: When the garment factory moved overseas, local __________ rose faster than officials had expected last year.

A.  unemployment        

B.  investment        

C.  convenience        

D.  attraction

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Question 14: The developer apologised and said it was __________ the delays caused by unexpected flooding near the site.

A.  equal to        

B.  sorry about        

C.  capable of        

D.  aware for

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Question 15: Compared with nearby towns, the capital is more __________ populated and needs stricter land-use planning.

A.  lightly        

B.  equally        

C.  densely        

D.  privately

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Question 16: The climate plan promises more __________ to reduce heat and support residents’ mental health in summer.

A.  green spaces accessible        

B.  spaces accessible green        

C.  accessible spaces green          

D.  accessible green spaces

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Question 17: If public housing is delayed again, the shortage may __________ more informal settlements near industrial zones.

A.  result in        

B.  depend on        

C.  arrive at        

D.  apply for

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Question 18: Better universities and hospitals remain a major __________ for families considering a move to the city.

A.  expense        

B.  attraction        

C.  shortage        

D.  emission

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Question 19: Complaints have increased __________ parents whose children walk through traffic-clogged streets every morning to school.

A.  between        

B.  toward        

C.  among        

D.  along

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Question 20: The council must __________ noise complaints before allowing another night market in the same area.

A.  adapt with        

B.  settle to        

C.  compete for        

D.  deal with

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Question 21: Apartment blocks near parks are usually more __________ to young families than those near factories.

A.  attractive        

B.  attract        

C.  attraction        

D.  attractively

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Question 22: The council rejected the warehouse project because it was too close to a quiet __________ area.

A.  industrial        

B.  residential        

C.  agricultural        

D.  commercial

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Question 23: The old theatre is now __________ community workshops, start-up offices, and weekend art classes downtown.

A.  short of        

B.  full with        

C.  home to        

D.  ready in

Xem chi tiết

Question 24: The more reliable public transport becomes, __________ private cars residents may need for daily commuting.

A.  fewer than        

B.  the least        

C.  fewest        

D.  the fewer

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Question 25: Preserving the market’s old __________ has become harder as developers prefer taller glass buildings nearby.

A.  architecture        

B.  employment        

C.  equality        

D.  residency

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Question 26: Several shop owners have __________ the dust and noise from roadworks outside their stores downtown.

A.  argued with        

B.  complained about        

C.  warned for        

D.  discussed to

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Question 27: The report links __________ to rising demand for rooms near the new industrial park nearby.

A.  housing rising costs        

B.  costs rising housing        

C.  rising housing costs        

D.  rising costs housing

Xem chi tiết

Question 28: The city has recorded a __________ rise in delivery traffic since online shopping expanded dramatically.

A.  stable        

B.  coastal        

C.  slight        

D.  rapid

Xem chi tiết

Question 29: After comparing rent, schools, and flood risks, the family finally __________ a flat uphill nearby.

A.  decided on        

B.  agreed with        

C.  looked after        

D.  paid for

Xem chi tiết

Question 30: Bus __________ has improved since real-time arrival boards were installed at major stops last month.

A.  reliable        

B.  reliability        

C.  reliably        

D.  unreliable

Xem chi tiết

Question 31: Children near the industrial zone are more exposed to __________ air than those in greener suburbs.

A.  residential        

B.  agricultural        

C.  polluted        

D.  reliable

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Question 32: More factories on the city’s edge have attracted workers __________ nearby villages and provinces recently.

A.  into        

B.  across        

C.  beside        

D.  from

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Question 33: The council __________ electric buses after complaints about unreliable suburban routes increased sharply last year.

A.  invested in        

B.  depended on        

C.  applied for        

D.  objected to

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Question 34: The city restored several __________ villas instead of replacing them with another shopping complex downtown.

A.  crowded        

B.  colonial        

C.  rural        

D.  temporary

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Question 35: Urban planners prefer __________ when housing, shops, schools, and parks are built close together locally.

A.  single-use urban zoning        

B.  development urban mixed-use        

C.  mixed-use urban development        

D.  mixed-use development urban

Xem chi tiết

Question 36: City life offers wider services; __________, it can weaken traditional community ties in older neighbourhoods.

A.  therefore        

B.  for example        

C.  in addition        

D.  however

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Question 37: New lighting has improved safety __________ narrow alleys where many schoolchildren walk home after evening classes.

A.  along        

B.  between        

C.  onto        

D.  beneath

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Question 38: Longer commutes have become a hidden __________ for workers living far from industrial parks daily.

A.  comfort        

B.  expense        

C.  equality        

D.  facility

Xem chi tiết

Question 39: Several housing policies have been __________ to slow the growth of informal settlements near factories.

A.  carried over        

B.  carried along        

C.  carried out        

D.  carried down

Xem chi tiết

Question 40: Streets should be designed __________ for pedestrians, cyclists, buses, and emergency vehicles in busy districts.

A.  equal        

B.  equality        

C.  unequal        

D.  equally

Xem chi tiết

Question 41: Residents trust the tram more than minibuses because it is usually punctual and __________ on weekdays.

A.  reliable        

B.  rural        

C.  crowded        

D.  temporary

Xem chi tiết

Question 42: Officials __________ a rent-support scheme after workers protested outside the industrial park last week during meetings.

A.  turned down        

B.  came up with        

C.  looked after        

D.  broke away from

Xem chi tiết

Question 43: The new community library has become a useful __________ for students living in small apartments.

A.  emission        

B.  shortage        

C.  facility        

D.  expense

Xem chi tiết

Question 44: City leaders should approve __________ before allowing another wave of high-rise buildings in the centre.

A.  urban long-term planning        

B.  planning long-term urban        

C.  long-term planning urban        

D.  long-term urban planning

Xem chi tiết

Question 45: Since the new station was announced, rents nearby have __________ much faster than wages locally.

A.  gone up        

B.  gone over        

C.  gone away        

D.  gone down

Xem chi tiết

Question 46: Even after a new park opened, the bus interchange still feels __________ at peak time.

A.  rural        

B.  crowded        

C.  coastal        

D.  equal

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Question 47: The city wants public services to be more __________, especially for migrants and disabled residents today.

A.  included        

B.  inclusion        

C.  inclusive        

D.  inclusively

Xem chi tiết

Question 48: Developers are turning old offices __________ co-living spaces for students and young professionals near universities.

A.  among        

B.  under        

C.  across        

D.  into

Xem chi tiết

Question 49: As more bus routes connect suburbs to factories, fewer workers will __________ on costly taxis.

A.  rely        

B.  spend        

C.  wait        

D.  ride

Xem chi tiết

Question 50: Water __________ has become less seasonal because more apartment blocks share the same reservoir now.

A.  equality        

B.  shortage        

C.  convenience        

D.  comfort

Xem chi tiết

Question 51: The new park is especially __________ elderly residents who need safe walking paths near home.

A.  similar with        

B.  crowded of        

C.  convenient for        

D.  equal about

Xem chi tiết

Question 52: Planners must protect farmland now; __________, the city may lose its local food supply soon.

A.  similarly        

B.  meanwhile        

C.  for instance        

D.  otherwise

Xem chi tiết

Question 53: The social __________ between gated communities and older alleys has widened over the past decade.

A.  divide        

B.  convenience        

C.  agriculture        

D.  immigration

Xem chi tiết

Question 54: The article explains how __________ can make daily commuting healthier and less stressful for workers.

A.  public reliable transport        

B.  reliable public transport        

C.  transport reliable public        

D.  reliable transport public

Xem chi tiết

Question 55: Many drivers now leave earlier to __________ longer queues at the city’s toll stations daily.

A.  deal about        

B.  adapt for        

C.  cope with        

D.  suffer to

Xem chi tiết

Question 56: More flood shelters are needed because several __________ districts sit only metres above sea level during storms.

A.  inland        

B.  mountainous        

C.  underground        

D.  low-lying

Xem chi tiết

Question 57: If growth remains unmanaged, new apartment towers may __________ the old drainage system again soon.

A.  overload        

B.  overloaded        

C.  overloading        

D.  overloads

Xem chi tiết

Question 58: During the walking tour, the planner will __________ residents around the redesigned riverside park tomorrow.

A.  inform        

B.  show        

C.  describe        

D.  explain

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Question 59: The new tram line has made public transport more __________ for wheelchair users and elderly commuters.

A.  industrial        

B.  unemployed        

C.  accessible        

D.  colonial

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Question 60: Several councillors argued __________ whether riverside land should become housing or public parkland next year.

A.  by        

B.  through        

C.  across        

D.  over

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Question 61: The mayor promised that __________ would be built near the new metro station next year.

A.  affordable residential flats        

B.  residential affordable flats        

C.  flats affordable residential        

D.  affordable flats residential

Xem chi tiết

Question 62: The empty factory has become a lively arts __________ with cafés, studios, and weekend markets.

A.  residency        

B.  district        

C.  emission        

D.  expense

Xem chi tiết

Question 63: Newcomers often need time to __________ before they feel confident using local services in cities.

A.  take off        

B.  put away        

C.  settle in        

D.  break out

Xem chi tiết

Question 64: Affordable housing is important __________ workers who keep essential city services running every day downtown.

A.  with        

B.  by        

C.  into        

D.  for

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Question 65: More shade and public seating have made the square more __________ during summer evenings recently.

A.  pleasant        

B.  expensive        

C.  agricultural        

D.  polluted

Xem chi tiết

Question 66: Sudden rent increases have put __________ teachers who work near the city centre this year.

A.  pressure to        

B.  pressure on        

C.  pressure with        

D.  pressure from

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Question 67: New benches allow commuters to wait more __________ when buses are delayed by heavy rain.

A.  comfortable        

B.  comfort        

C.  comfortably        

D.  uncomfortable

Xem chi tiết

Question 68: A __________ trend in bus use worries planners because private car ownership is rising quickly.

A.  stable        

B.  upward        

C.  rapid        

D.  downward

Xem chi tiết

Question 69: The closure of the old bus station had a strong __________ nearby cafés and shops.

A.  effect on        

B.  answer to        

C.  effort for        

D.  income from

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Question 70: In public meetings, residents demanded __________ to reduce heat in crowded streets this summer downtown.

A.  trees more urban        

B.  more urban trees        

C.  urban more trees        

D.  more trees urban

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Question 71: Although the city is expanding, this village still keeps a strong __________ identity through festivals.

A.  coastal        

B.  residential        

C.  rural        

D.  industrial

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Question 72: Many parents are __________ the lack of playgrounds in newly built apartment blocks nearby today.

A.  familiar with        

B.  responsible for        

C.  similar to        

D.  concerned about

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Question 73: Better pavements and lighting have made the neighbourhood more __________ for elderly residents at night.

A.  liveable        

B.  populous        

C.  coastal        

D.  industrial

Xem chi tiết

Question 74: Rising __________ rental rooms has changed the character of several quiet neighbourhoods nearby recently.

A.  need to        

B.  demand for        

C.  request with        

D.  pressure from

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Question 75: The rapid __________ of suburbs has turned many vegetable fields into roads and apartment towers.

A.  employment        

B.  convenience        

C.  expansion        

D.  attraction

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Question 76: The city is legally __________ maintaining pavements, streetlights, and safe crossings near schools every weekday downtown.

A.  sorry about        

B.  capable with        

C.  equal to        

D.  responsible for

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Question 77: Recent __________ has changed school enrolment patterns as more families move into outer districts annually.

A.  migration        

B.  architecture        

C.  pollution        

D.  convenience

Xem chi tiết

Question 78: Better public transport is __________ workers who cannot afford private motorbikes or cars in cities.

A.  necessary with        

B.  essential for        

C.  suitable to        

D.  familiar about

Xem chi tiết

Question 79: Large redevelopment projects may cause __________ when poorer residents are pushed out of central areas.

A.  employment        

B.  residency        

C.  displacement        

D.  convenience

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Question 80: After hiring engineers, the committee is now __________ reviewing safety reports before high-rise permits are approved downtown.

A.  ready in        

B.  equal to        

C.  sorry about        

D.  capable of

Xem chi tiết

Exercise 2: Choose the word closest in meaning to the word/phrase in bold.

 

Question 1: The new tram system is expected to make daily travel more convenient for people living far from the city centre.
 

A.  affordable        

B.  accessible        

C.  reliable        

D.  crowded

Xem chi tiết

Question 2: Many young workers cannot afford to live downtown, so the demand for affordable housing has become urgent.

A.  centrally located homes        

B.  recently renovated homes

C.  reasonably priced homes        

D.  privately owned homes

Xem chi tiết

Question 3: The city has invested in wider roads and better drainage to improve its infrastructure.

A.  facilities        

B.  housing        

C.  commerce        

D.  culture

Xem chi tiết

Question 4: As job opportunities increased near the port, many rural workers migrated to the coastal city.

A.  travelled through        

B.  relocated to        

C.  returned to        

D.  gathered near

Xem chi tiết

Question 5: The number of high-rise buildings has increased steadily since the metro line was completed.

A.  suddenly        

B.  consistently        

C.  unevenly        

D.  briefly

Xem chi tiết

Question 6: Residents often complain about the noise from late-night construction, especially during exam seasons.

A.  object to        

B.  respond to        

C.  care for        

D.  plan for

Xem chi tiết

Question 7: The old riverside market still attracts visitors because it preserves part of the city’s trading culture.

A.  draws        

B.  protects        

C.  needs        

D.  handles

Xem chi tiết

Question 8: More bike lanes would help residents get around the city without depending too much on motorbikes.

A.  move around        

B.  stay nearby        

C.  settle down        

D.  show up

Xem chi tiết

Question 9: The sharp rise in traffic emissions has caused concern among people living near the highway.

A.  created doubt        

B.  raised worry        

C.  attracted attention        

D.  increased pressure

Xem chi tiết

Question 10: After several difficult months, the family finally settled in and began to feel comfortable in the new neighbourhood.
 

A.  adapted well        

B.  moved away        

C.  looked back        

D.  stayed alone

Xem chi tiết

Exercise 3: Choose the word opposite in meaning to the word/phrase in bold.

 

Question 1: The new tram stop is convenient for residents because it links their flats with schools and markets.
 

A.  accessible        

B.  practical        

C.  unsuitable        

D.  well-connected

Xem chi tiết

Question 2: Many young workers moved to the city hoping to find stable employment in expanding service industries.

A.  regular        

B.  temporary        

C.  secure        

D.  long-term

Xem chi tiết

Question 3: The council promised more affordable housing so nurses and shop workers could remain near the city centre.

A.  overpriced        

B.  compact        

C.  available        

D.  basic

Xem chi tiết

Question 4: Better infrastructure can attract investors when transport links, electricity, and public services work reliably across the district.

A.  interest        

B.  encourage        

C.  impress        

D.  deter

Xem chi tiết

Question 5: Traffic congestion began to ease after the city added bus lanes and limited private parking.

A.  continue        

B.  fluctuate        

C.  worsen        

D.  spread

Xem chi tiết

Question 6: The city may expand into nearby farmland as new roads make outer districts easier to reach.

A.  develop        

B.  shrink        

C.  relocate        

D.  extend

Xem chi tiết

Question 7: The report described a rapid rise in rent after several high-rise buildings opened near the station.

A.  sharp        

B.  sudden        

C.  noticeable        

D.  gradual

Xem chi tiết

Question 8: City officials gave a decisive response to the housing shortage instead of delaying the project again.

A.  hesitant        

B.  official        

C.  firm        

D.  practical

Xem chi tiết

Question 9: Many migrants need time to feel settled because city life can seem crowded and unfamiliar at first.

A.  included        

B.  confident        

C.  displaced        

D.  independent

Xem chi tiết

Question 10: The new public transport system seems reliable because buses arrive on time even during rush hour.

A.  regular        

B.  punctual        

C.  frequent        

D.  erratic

Xem chi tiết

Exercise 4: Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

 

Question 1: The local council has not completed the affordable housing project __________, so rents remain high.

A.  already        

B.  ever        

C.  yet        

D.  since

Xem chi tiết

Question 2: A new metro line __________, so residents can reach the centre faster today.

A.  just has opened        

B.  has just opened        

C.  just had opened        

D.  has opened just

Xem chi tiết

Question 3: The rural village has become more urbanised __________ 2016, with new roads and shops.

A.  for        

B.  during        

C.  since        

D.  ago

Xem chi tiết

Question 4: Many workers have lived in this residential district __________ more than ten years.

A.  for        

B.  since        

C.  during        

D.  ago

Xem chi tiết

Question 5: __________ the city built a new subway line, traffic in the centre has improved.

A.  Although        

B.  Unless        

C.  Before        

D.  Since

Xem chi tiết

Question 6: The government __________ the main road last year to reduce traffic jams.

A.  has widened        

B.  widened        

C.  has been widened        

D.  was widening

Xem chi tiết

Question 7: Many new residents __________ such an overcrowded bus station before in their lives.

A.  have never seen        

B.  never have seen        

C.  had seen never        

D.  have seen never

Xem chi tiết

Question 8: The city authority has __________ finished the bridge, but commuters are already using it.

A.  just        

B.  yet        

C.  ever        

D.  never

Xem chi tiết

Question 9: The new bus route has __________ reduced travel time for suburban residents this week.

A.  yet        

B.  never        

C.  already        

D.  ago

Xem chi tiết

Question 10: The new resident and his neighbour __________ about overcrowded buses several times.

A.  has complained        

B.  have complained        

C.  complained        

D.  had complained

Xem chi tiết

Question 11: The city planner with several assistants __________ the infrastructure report already.

A.  have finished        

B.  finished        

C.  has finished        

D.  had finished

Xem chi tiết

Question 12: This is the first time many rural workers __________ in such an overcrowded city.

A.  live        

B.  lived        

C.  have lived        

D.  had lived

Xem chi tiết

Question 13: Residents __________ the road plan online; the council __________ clear answers yet.

A.  discussed / gave                

B.  have discussed / did not give

C.  discuss / had not given        

D.  are discussing / has not given

Xem chi tiết

Question 14: The mayor, as well as many residents, __________ the traffic problem yet.

A.  have not solved        

B.  has not solved        

C.  did not solve        

D.  had not solved

Xem chi tiết

Question 15: Some young workers have lived in rural areas before, but they have __________ worked in a big city.

A.  yet        

B.  never        

C.  since        

D.  already

Xem chi tiết

Question 16: The number of rural migrants __________ sharply since the factory opened.

A.  have increased        

B.  increased        

C.  has increased        

D.  had increased

Xem chi tiết

Question 17: Every residential district __________ new public facilities this year.

A.  have received        

B.  received        

C.  had received        

D.  has received

Xem chi tiết

Question 18: Huy: Has the local council done anything to reduce overcrowding in the suburbs?

Win: Yes. It __________ affordable housing projects several times.

A.  has been launching        

B.  launched        

C.  has launched        

D.  was launching

Xem chi tiết

Question 19: __________, the government has built three new public facilities in the suburbs.

A.  For 1999        

B.  Last year        

C.  So far        

D.  Since 1999s

Xem chi tiết

Question 20: Up to now, urbanisation __________ many changes to the local countryside.

A.  brought        

B.  brings        

C.  had brought        

D.  has brought

Xem chi tiết

Question 21: Many rural families __________ to the suburbs; the local school __________ much more crowded now.

A.  moved / was        

B.  have moved / is        

C.  have moved / was        

D.  moved / has been

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Question 22: The city has attracted many young workers __________ better employment opportunities are now available there.

A.  while        

B.  but        

C.  because        

D.  unless

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Question 23: While engineers __________ the flyover these days, several commuters __________ about the noise online.

A.  have repaired / have complained        

B.  have repaired / complained

C.  are repairing / have complained        

D.  were repairing / complained

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Question 24: Housing prices __________ in 1995 but then __________ in 1996.

A.  rised / falled                             

B.  rose / fell        

C.  have risen / have fallen        

D.  rose / have fallen

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Question 25: Win: Why do many residents say the old village looks more modern now?

Huy: Because the city __________ several new roads and public facilities there, though people do not say exactly when.

A.  built        

B.  builds        

C.  has built        

D.  had built

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Exercise 5: Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

 

Question 1: As more rural migrants arrive, the city is becoming __________.

A.  more bigger and bigger        

B.  more and more big

C.  bigger and bigger                

D.  the biggest and biggest

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Question 2: Urban areas are becoming __________ during rush hour because of population growth.

A.  crowdeder and crowdeder        

B.  more and more crowded

C.  crowded and crowded                

D.  the most and most crowded

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Question 3: __________ green space is available as high-rise buildings replace parks and gardens.

A.  Fewer and fewer        

B.  The least and least        

C.  Less and less        

D.  Smaller and smaller

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Question 4: There are __________ green spaces in the city centre as urbanisation continues.

A.  less and less        

B.  fewer and fewer        

C.  little and little        

D.  the fewest and fewest

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Question 5: The more high-rise buildings appear, __________ green space residents have.

A.  the fewer        

B.  the less        

C.  less and less        

D.  the least

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Question 6: The bigger the city is, __________ the cost of living becomes.

A.  higher        

B.  more high        

C.  the higher        

D.  the highest

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Question 7: The less planning is done, __________ problems urban areas face.

A.  more and more        

B.  the more        

C.  the most        

D.  the worse

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Question 8: Public transport is working __________ as the metro network expands.

A.  more and more well        

B.  good and good        

C.  the best and best        

D.  better and better

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Question 9: Air quality near the industrial zone is getting __________ every year.

A.  more and more bad        

B.  badder and badder        

C.  worse and worse        

D.  the worst and worst

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Question 10: The city spends __________ money on traffic control as congestion increases.

A.  much and much        

B.  more and more        

C.  many and many        

D.  most and most

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Question 11: With rising housing costs, __________ money is left for low-income families.

A.  fewer and fewer        

B.  smaller and smaller        

C.  less and less        

D.  the least and least

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Question 12: The farther the suburbs spread from the city centre, __________ commuting becomes.

A.  more expensive        

B.  the most expensive        

C.  the more expensive        

D.  more and more expensive

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Question 13: During heat waves, the city centre is getting __________ because of concrete surfaces.

A.  hoter and hoter                             

B.  more and more hot        

C.  the hottest and hottest        

D.  hotter and hotter

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Question 14: Metropolitan areas are becoming __________ as nearby villages are absorbed.

A.  biger and biger        

B.  more and more big        

C.  bigger and bigger        

D.  the biggest and biggest

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Question 15: Commuters are becoming __________ with the new electric bus service.

A.  happyer and happier                

B.  more happy and more happy

C.  happier and happier                

D.  the happiest and happiest

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Question 16: The road becomes __________ as it enters the old village area.

A.  narrow and narrow                

B.  more narrow and more narrow

C.  narrower and narrower        

D.  the narrowest and narrowest

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Question 17: The once busy village is becoming __________ after many young people move away.

A.  quietter and quietter                

B.  quiet and quiet

C.  the quietest and quietest        

D.  quieter and quieter

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Question 18: Urban expansion is happening __________, so small farms are disappearing quickly.

A.  more and more rapid                

B.  more and more rapidly

C.  rapidlier and rapidlier                

D.  the most and most rapidly

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Question 19: __________ residents can afford homes in the city centre as prices rise.

A.  Less and less        

B.  Little and little        

C.  Fewer and fewer        

D.  The fewest and fewest

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Question 20: Public transport systems are performing __________ during peak hours, frustrating commuters.

A.  less and less effective                

B.  the least and least effectively

C.  fewer and fewer effectively        

D.  less and less effectively

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Exercise 6: Read the following passage and circle the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word that best fits each of the numbered blanks.

Singapore's urbanisation

In 2018, the United Nations announced that Singapore was completely (1) __________ as 100 per cent of its population is defined as urban. Urbanisation has brought both (2) __________ and disadvantages to the small city-state. On the one hand, Singapore has (3) __________ a lot of skilled workers from many other countries to ensure the economy continues to grow. Migrants have also helped create a more (4) __________ diverse society in Singapore. On the other hand, urbanisation has caused some (5) __________ problems such as deforestation, overpopulation, and waste management. Since it was first colonised by the British in 1819 and Singapore was formally founded, over 95 per cent of its vegetation has been (6) __________. In terms of (7) __________ density, in many parts of Singapore, there are over 20,000 people living per square kilometre. Waste treatment used to be another (8) __________ in Singapore. However, thanks to the development of technology, this problem has been solved. Singapore has even become a leader in urban waste management.

Question 1: A. urbanized        B. modernized        C. realized        D. revised

Question 2: A. news        B. advantages        C. changes        D. peace

Question 3: A. changed        B. caught        C. attracted        D. denied

Question 4: A. verbally        B. globally        C. locally        D. culturally

Question 5: A. serious        B. easy        C. difficult        D. dangerous

Question 6: A. grown        B. cleared        C. bought        D. taken

Question 7: A. environment        B. development        C. population        D. pollution

Question 8: A. idea        B. factor        C. benefit        D. problem

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Exercise 7: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 1 to 10.

At six in the morning, a bus crawls past tin roofs brightened by phone lights, breakfast smoke, and children in polished uniforms. The road is narrow, the drains are tired, and the city centre, only a few kilometres away, feels almost imported from another life. For many residents, the settlement is not a failed choice but the only address close enough to employment, schools, and cheap transport. Here, the word slum arrives late, after the human reasons have already spoken.

[I] Rapid urbanisation attracts rural families seeking better opportunities, but formal housing has gone up faster than wages, and affordable flats remain fewer and fewer. [II] Not only do newcomers need a place to settle in, but they also need reliable water, sanitation, waste collection, public transport, and secure tenure. [III] When infrastructure does not expand with the population, the city grows larger and larger while everyday comfort shrinks. [IV]

Seen from outside, a slum is often flattened into danger, dirt, or helplessness. Seen from within, it may also be a community of traders, repair workers, caregivers, craft makers, and students building stability under pressure. This does not romanticise overcrowding, pollution, flooding, or unsafe housing. It simply refuses the lazy story in which poor dwellers are treated as the problem instead of people responding to one. Awareness matters when it pushes governments to invest in basic services, upgrade neighbourhoods, and protect residents from eviction. It becomes exploitation when suffering is turned into a marketable image.

The most difficult question is not whether cities should modernise. They must. The question is who is allowed to remain visible while modernisation happens. A high-rise building can replace a fragile roof, but if the rent becomes impossible, improvement quietly becomes displacement. The more a city calls itself inclusive, the more carefully it must decide whose convenience it is serving. A slum is not just a crowded place. It is a mirror held up to urban planning, showing what the city has promised and whom it has asked to wait.

[Adapted from World Bank Urban Development]

Question 1: Where in the passage does the following sentence best fit?

The harder truth is that these neighbourhoods are produced by urban success as much as by urban failure. 

A. [I]        B. [II]        C. [III]        D. [IV]

Question 2: The expression “feels almost imported from another life” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to __________.

A. looks unfamiliar because residents rarely travel there

B. appears newly developed because of foreign investment

C. seems socially and economically distant from the settlement

D. becomes attractive mainly because it offers cheap transport

Question 3: The word “one” in paragraph 3 refers to __________.

A. a government plan for basic services

B. a marketable image used by outsiders

C. a community built under pressure

D. a wider urban problem affecting poor residents

Question 4: Which of the following is NOT suggested in paragraph 2?

A. Formal housing becomes harder to reach when prices rise faster than wages.

B. Rural families are drawn to cities by the hope of better opportunities.

C. Daily comfort depends partly on whether services grow with the population.

D. Informal settlements mainly expand because newcomers reject city regulations.

Question 5: Which of the following best summarises paragraph 2?

A. Affordable flats become fewer because residents prefer informal areas with cheaper transport connections.

B. Urban growth becomes difficult mainly because transport systems improve more slowly than wages and formal housing.

C. Rural families create pressure by moving before governments can fully control the housing market.

D. Cities attract newcomers with opportunity, yet unequal housing and slow infrastructure growth can turn expansion into daily strain.

Question 6: The word “exploitation” in paragraph 3 is OPPOSITE in meaning to __________.

A. misuse        B. protection        C. display        D. profit

Question 7: Which paragraph raises the question of who benefits from modernisation?

A. Paragraph 1        B. Paragraph 2        C. Paragraph 3        D. Paragraph 4

Question 8: Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 4?

A. Replacing weak housing is real progress only if residents can still afford to stay.

B. Taller buildings solve unsafe housing unless they change the look of the neighbourhood.

C. New apartments are unfair because they usually remove jobs, schools, and cheap transport.

D. Modern housing should be avoided when old homes have strong emotional value.

Question 9: Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

A. Residents stay in slums mainly because they misunderstand the benefits of formal housing.

B. Informal settlements will probably disappear once reliable transport reaches poorer areas.

C. A city may look successful while still failing people whose needs reveal its planning gaps.

D. Urban upgrading succeeds when fragile homes are replaced by taller and denser buildings.

Question 10: Which of the following best summarises the passage?

A. Urban growth draws people toward opportunity, but without fair housing, services, and protection, slums expose who is left waiting.

B. Unsafe districts prove that modern buildings should replace informal homes quickly, even when some residents must move elsewhere.

C. Rural newcomers put pressure on cities, so public transport should be improved before more families are allowed to migrate.

D. Awareness campaigns matter most because showing community life can correct stereotypes about poverty and informal settlements.

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Exercise 8: You will hear a short introduction to a talk. Listen and complete each sentence with ONE OR TWO WORDS from the recording.

Question 1: Dr. Helen Morris works in the field of __________.

Question 2: The talk discusses how cities may develop in the __________.

Question 3: According to Dr. Morris, making a city larger does not always make it __________.

Question 4: Rapid urban growth may create problems such as pollution and a shortage of __________.

Question 5: In a well-planned city, public transport should be __________.

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Exercise 9: You will hear a conversation between Lan and Minh about urbanisation and city life. Listen and decide whether each statement is True (T) or False (F).

 

Statement

Answer

1

Minh’s family moved to the city from a rural village.

 

2

Minh says his school in the city has fewer facilities than his old school.

 

3

Minh’s family has lived near the city centre since 2022.

 

4

Lan says the city is growing, but everyday life is not always becoming easier.

 

5

Minh believes high-rise buildings should replace community spaces to help the city expand faster.

 
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Exercise 9: You will hear a conversation between Lan and Minh about urbanisation and city life. Listen and decide whether each statement is True (T) or False (F).

Hướng dẫn dịch:

Transcript

Bản dịch

You will hear a conversation between Lan and Minh about urbanisation and city life. Listen and decide whether each statement is True (T) or False (F).

Lan: Minh, our class is talking about urbanisation this week. Since your family moved from a rural village to the city, could you share what life has been like?

Minh: Sure. At first, I thought city life would be exciting because everything seemed modern and convenient. My father has found stable employment, and I have studied in a school with better facilities. So in some ways, our life has improved. However, housing has become more expensive, so my family has lived far from the city centre since 2022. Some mornings, I spend more than an hour on the bus because traffic congestion is getting worse.

Lan: I understand that. My bus has arrived late several times this month. The city is becoming larger and larger, but daily life is not always becoming easier.

Minh: Exactly. The farther we live from school, the earlier I have to leave home. That sounds simple, but it changes my whole day. I have less time for breakfast, homework, and rest. My parents say many families have migrated to the city to seek better opportunities, but the cost of living has put pressure on them.

Lan: That is a fair point. Urbanisation can bring better jobs and public facilities, but it can also cause concern among residents.

Minh: Yes. There are fewer green spaces near my home now, and some small parks have been replaced by high-rise buildings. I know a city needs to expand, but it should not lose its community spaces. In my opinion, the government should invest more in public transport and affordable housing. Then urban life can become more comfortable for both old residents and new families.

Bạn sẽ nghe một cuộc trò chuyện giữa Lan và Minh về đô thị hóa và cuộc sống thành thị. Hãy nghe và quyết định mỗi câu sau là Đúng (T) hay Sai (F).

Lan: Minh, tuần này lớp mình đang nói về đô thị hóa. Vì gia đình bạn đã chuyển từ một ngôi làng nông thôn lên thành phố, bạn có thể chia sẻ cuộc sống đã như thế nào không?

Minh: Được chứ. Lúc đầu, mình nghĩ cuộc sống thành phố sẽ rất thú vị vì mọi thứ có vẻ hiện đại và tiện lợi. Bố mình đã tìm được một công việc ổn định, và mình đã học ở một ngôi trường có cơ sở vật chất tốt hơn. Vì vậy, ở một vài khía cạnh, cuộc sống của gia đình mình đã được cải thiện. Tuy nhiên, nhà ở đã trở nên đắt đỏ hơn, nên gia đình mình đã sống xa trung tâm thành phố từ năm 2022. Một số buổi sáng, mình mất hơn một tiếng đi xe buýt vì ùn tắc giao thông đang ngày càng tệ hơn.

Lan: Mình hiểu điều đó. Xe buýt của mình đã đến muộn vài lần trong tháng này. Thành phố đang ngày càng lớn hơn, nhưng cuộc sống hằng ngày không phải lúc nào cũng trở nên dễ dàng hơn.

Minh: Chính xác. Càng sống xa trường, mình càng phải rời nhà sớm hơn. Nghe thì đơn giản, nhưng điều đó làm thay đổi cả ngày của mình. Mình có ít thời gian hơn cho bữa sáng, bài tập về nhà và nghỉ ngơi. Bố mẹ mình nói nhiều gia đình đã di cư lên thành phố để tìm kiếm cơ hội tốt hơn, nhưng chi phí sinh hoạt đã gây áp lực cho họ.

Lan: Đó là một ý kiến hợp lý. Đô thị hóa có thể mang lại việc làm tốt hơn và các tiện ích công cộng, nhưng nó cũng có thể gây lo ngại cho cư dân.

Minh: Đúng vậy. Hiện nay có ít không gian xanh hơn gần nhà mình, và một số công viên nhỏ đã bị thay thế bằng các tòa nhà cao tầng. Mình biết một thành phố cần mở rộng, nhưng nó không nên mất đi các không gian cộng đồng. Theo mình, chính phủ nên đầu tư nhiều hơn vào giao thông công cộng và nhà ở giá phải chăng. Khi đó, cuộc sống đô thị có thể trở nên thoải mái hơn cho cả cư dân cũ và các gia đình mới.

Đáp án:

1-5

T

F

F

T

F

Hướng dẫn giải:

Question 1: 

Căn cứ: “Since your family moved from a rural village to the city...”

Ta có: Lan nói gia đình Minh đã chuyển từ một làng quê đến thành phố.

Đáp án: T

Question 2: 

Căn cứ: “I have studied in a school with better facilities.”

Ta có: Minh nói trường ở thành phố có cơ sở vật chất tốt hơn, không phải ít cơ sở vật chất hơn.

Đáp án: F

Question 3: 

Căn cứ: “my family has lived far from the city centre since 2022.”

Ta có: Gia đình Minh sống xa trung tâm thành phố từ năm 2022, không phải gần trung tâm.

Đáp án: F

Question 4: 

Căn cứ: “The city is becoming larger and larger, but daily life is not always becoming easier.”

Ta có: Lan nói thành phố ngày càng lớn hơn, nhưng cuộc sống hằng ngày không phải lúc nào cũng dễ dàng hơn.

Đáp án: T

Question 5: 

Căn cứ: “I know a city needs to expand, but it should not lose its community spaces.”

Ta có: Minh cho rằng thành phố cần mở rộng nhưng không nên mất đi không gian cộng đồng. Vì vậy, Minh không tin rằng nhà cao tầng nên thay thế không gian cộng đồng để thành phố mở rộng nhanh hơn.

Đáp án: F

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