Read the following passage about the Navigating Metropolitan Challenges and mark the letter A, B, C or D on yo...

Read the following passage about Navigating Complexity Through Strategic Inquiry and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

Contemporary organizational environments are characterized by unprecedented volatility stemming from multiple interconnected forces. Geopolitical upheavals, rapid technological advancement, environmental hazards, and financial fluctuations have transformed ambiguity from an occasional obstacle into a permanent operational reality. This fundamental shift renders conventional management frameworks, which presuppose stability and comprehensive data availability, increasingly obsolete. Executives must therefore cultivate novel competencies that enable their confident navigation through perpetual turbulence while maintaining strategic coherence.

Critical to this adaptation is recognizing that superior outcomes emerge from sophisticated questioning rather than hasty conclusions. Narrow inquiries emphasizing immediate gains or operational metrics frequently constrain cognitive exploration, triggering myopic responses. Conversely, thoughtfully crafted queries broaden analytical horizons, expose implicit premises, and foster visionary planning. Such intellectual rigor empowers executives to reconcile urgent demands with enduring implications, ensuring choices retain relevance despite evolving circumstances.

Temporal perspective proves essential when evaluating alternatives under ambiguous conditions. Examining potential judgments twelve months hence promotes emphasis on sustainability and fundamental principles over expedient solutions. Additionally, recognizing each significant determination's communicative dimension becomes crucial—selections invariably signal organizational values and exemplify leadership philosophy. This awareness compels reflection regarding what messages specific actions convey about institutional identity and managerial integrity.

Reconceptualizing disruption represents another vital transformation. Abandoning expectations of eventual stabilization allows proactive evolution rather than passive anticipation. Moreover, acknowledging hesitation's hidden penalties reveals how pursuing flawless intelligence often sacrifices competitive advantages and organizational vigor. Ultimately, excellence amid complexity requires abandoning predictive obsessions and instead embracing inquiries that cultivate adaptability, continuous improvement, and ethical consistency despite opaque futures.

https://hbr.org/am

Question 23: Which factor is NOT mentioned as contributing to current volatility?

A.  Demographic transitions

B.  Geopolitical upheavals

C.  Environmental hazards

D.  Financial fluctuations

Question 24: The word “their” in paragraph 1 refers to _________.

A.  competencies

B.  organizational environments

C.  management frameworks

D.  executives

Question 25: The word “myopic” in paragraph 2 is OPPOSITE in meaning to _________.

A.  pragmatic                                        B. meticulous                                C. prescient                                        D. circumspect

Question 26: Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 3?

A.  Critical decisions must align with predetermined corporate values and established leadership principles throughout organizations.

B.  Important choices inevitably convey institutional values and demonstrate leadership beliefs, making awareness of this essential.

C.  Strategic selections require careful consideration of stakeholder perceptions and their impact on organizational reputation consistently.

D.  Managerial determinations should reflect institutional objectives while maintaining consistency with established governance frameworks effectively.

Question 27: The word “opaque” in paragraph 4 could be best replaced by _________.

A.  inscrutable                                B. intractable                                C. ephemeral                                D. spurious

Question 28: Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A.  Traditional management frameworks effectively address modern volatility with sufficient data availability.

B.  Narrow operational inquiries generate superior outcomes through focused metric-driven analytical approaches.

C.  Short-term expedient solutions take precedence over long-term sustainability in temporal evaluation.

D.  Pursuing perfect information often sacrifices competitive advantages and reduces organizational vitality.

Question 29: In which paragraph does the writer mention what enables executives to balance immediate needs with long-term consequences?

A.  Paragraph 4                                B. Paragraph 1                                C. Paragraph 2                                D. Paragraph 3

Question 30: In which paragraph does the writer mention what leaders must abandon to achieve excellence in complex situations?

A.  Paragraph 1                                B. Paragraph 3                                C. Paragraph 4                                D. Paragraph 2

Read the following advertisement and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 6.

Transform Your Future with Lifelong Learning Academy

⮚        Are you ready to unlock your potential in today's rapidly changing world? At Lifelong Learning Academy, we understand that education is no longer just a phase of youth but a (1)_________ journey that shapes your entire career. Join thousands of professionals (2)_________ have already transformed their careers through our innovative learning programs.

⮚        Our academy offers cutting-edge courses (3)_________ to meet the demands of the modern workplace, from foundational digital literacy to advanced AI skills. We believe in developing human (4)_________ through comprehensive skill-building programs that prepare you for tomorrow's challenges.

⮚        Why not (5)_________ our expert-led training sessions that combine traditional teaching methods with state-of-the-art technology to accelerate your career growth? (6)_________ of our students report significant career advancement within six months of completing their courses.

⮚        Whether you're looking to reskill, upskill, or explore entirely new career paths, Lifelong Learning Academy is your partner in success.

❖        Start your journey today!

✔        Register now and get 20% off your first course.

✔        Visit www.lifelonglearningacademy.com or call 1-800-LEARN-NOW

✔        Your future self will thank you.

https://blogs.worldbank.org/am

Question 1:A. continuity
B.  continue
C.  continuous
D.  continuously

Question 2:A. who
B.  whose
C.  when
D.  whom

Question 3:A. designing
B.  which designed
C.  had designed
D.  designed

Question 4:A. resources
B.  capital
C.  potential
D.  assets

Question 5:A. sign up for
B.  join in with
C.  keep track of
D.  opt in for

Question 6:A. Any
B.  Much
C.  Most
D.  Few

Read of the following leaflet and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 7 to 12.

GREEN FUTURE INITIATIVE

Join the Movement to Save Our Planet—One Lifestyle Change at a Time

❖        Are YOU ready to make a real difference?

⮚        Climate change is (7)_________ full swing, and every household action counts toward limiting global warming to 1.5°C! Our comprehensive (8)_________ analysis reveals that your daily choices in food, housing, and transportation create the biggest environmental impacts. (9)_________ individual actions seem small, they collectively contribute to massive global emissions reductions.

❖        YOUR CARBON FOOTPRINT MATTERS

⮚        The (10)_________ impacts of household consumption account for over 65% of global greenhouse gas emissions—this is where YOU can make a change! Our (11)_________ system helps you monitor and reduce emissions across all lifestyle sectors.

❖        SIMPLE CHANGES, BIG IMPACT

⮚        Some lifestyle changes are easier than you think, while (12)_________ require more commitment—but all contribute to our climate goals!

❖        Take Action Today:

✔        Switch to a vegetarian diet (save 0.8 tCO₂e/year)

✔        Choose car-free travel options (save 2.0 tCO₂e/year)

✔        Reduce home energy consumption (save 1.5 tCO₂e/year)

✔        Buy local and seasonal products

❖        Join community sustainability programs

✔        2030 TARGET: 2.5 tCO₂e per person

✔        Current average: 8-12 tCO₂e

❖        Register for our FREE workshop:

Every Saturday, 10 AM - 12 PM

Community Center, Main Street

info@greenfuture.org

✔        Download our app: GreenFutureNow

Together, we can achieve the Paris Agreement goals!

Small changes. Global impact. Sustainable future.

https://link.springer.com/am

Question 7:A. at
B.  about
C.  in
D.  to

Question 8:A. impact
B.  hotspot
C.  footprint
D.  critical

Question 9:A. Despite
B.  However
C.  Whether
D.  Although

Question 10:A. aggregated
B.  accumulated
C.  cumulative
D.  collective

Question 11:A. carbon tracking innovative
B.  innovative carbon tracking

C.  tracking innovative carbon
D.  carbon innovative tracking

Question 12:A. other
B.  the others
C.  others
D.  another

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best arrangement of utterances or sentences to make a meaningful exchange or text in each of the following questions from 13 to 17.

Question 13:

A.         Mike: That sounds nice! My roommate and I share a two-bedroom flat, but the kitchen is so small we can't cook together.

B.         Sarah: I just moved to a small studio apartment near the park. It's tiny but really cozy!

C.         Sarah: At least you have someone to talk to! Living alone is peaceful, but sometimes I miss having a roommate to watch movies with.

A.  b-c-a
B.  c-b-a
C.  a-b-c
D.  b-a-c

Question 14:

A.         Emma: Marie Curie won two Nobel Prizes, so she must have been incredibly intelligent and hardworking.

B.         Emma: When Marie Curie discovered radium, she didn't know it was dangerous, and sadly, it made her very sick later in life.

C.         Tom: Einstein couldn't speak until he was four years old, but his parents didn't know he would become the most famous scientist in the world.

D.         Emma: I'm reading about Marie Curie for my history project, and she was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize!

e.        Tom: That's amazing! I chose Albert Einstein because he was very smart, but he also had funny hair that made him look friendly.

A.  c-a-d-e-b
B.  d-a-e-b-c
C.  a-d-e-b-c
D.  d-e-a-c-b

Question 15:

Dear Anna,

A.         Since I moved to the city for university last month, I've been learning how to live independently every single day.

B.         Because I have to manage my own budget now, I've started tracking every expense in a notebook, which really helps me save money for emergencies.

C.         When I first tried to do laundry, I accidentally mixed white clothes with colored ones, which turned everything pink, unfortunately.

D.         Even though independent life is challenging sometimes, I feel proud whenever I solve problems on my own without calling my parents for help immediately.

e.        Although cooking seemed easy when Mom did it at home, I realized it requires planning, time, and lots of practice!

Missing you lots,

AM

A.  a-e-c-b-d        
B.  c-d-b-e-a        
C.  e-b-a-c-d
D.  b-e-c-a-d

Question 16:

A.         While some people worry that technology will replace teachers, human educators will remain essential because they provide emotional support that machines cannot offer to students.

B.         When students enter classrooms in 2050, they will use virtual reality headsets instead of textbooks, and teachers will guide them through immersive learning experiences.

C.         As technology becomes more advanced, students will collaborate on projects with peers from different countries, which will help them develop global perspectives and cultural understanding.

D.         Because artificial intelligence can personalize education for each student, children will learn at their own pace while AI tutors provide instant feedback and support.

e.        Although traditional schools will still exist, many students will choose online learning because it offers flexibility, and they can study from anywhere in the world.

A.  c-b-d-e-a
B.  b-d-e-c-a
C.  e-d-c-b-a
D.  c-e-b-d-a

Question 17:

A.         Because each generation grows up in different circumstances, they develop unique values and perspectives, which sometimes lead to misunderstandings but also create opportunities for learning.

B.         Although my parents don't understand why I spend hours online, they try to learn about technology so that they can connect with my interests better.

C.         When my grandmother talks about her childhood, I realize how different our lives are, yet we both share similar dreams about happiness and success.

D.         If we listen to each other with open minds instead of judging, we can bridge the generation gap, and both generations will benefit from shared wisdom.

e.        While young people embrace social media and digital communication, older generations prefer face-to-face conversations because they believe personal interaction creates stronger emotional connections between people.

A.  c-b-d-a-e
B.  c-a-e-b-d
C.  c-e-b-a-d
D.  c-d-e-b-a

Read the following passage about The World Bank's Transformative Strategy 2024-2030 and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22.

The World Bank Group's ambitious Gender Strategy for 2024-2030 represents a transformative framework addressing systemic inequalities that perpetuate poverty and hinder sustainable development globally. Had previous initiatives adequately tackled structural disparities, millions of women and marginalized communities would not currently face disproportionate economic barriers. This comprehensive plan, (18)_________, demonstrates unprecedented collaborative effort in development planning. What characterizes the strategy's multifaceted approach, a response to escalating global crises, (19)_________.

Building upon lessons from the 2016-23 framework, this evolved roadmap recognizes gender equality as fundamental to achieving peace, prosperity, and resilient societies. Core objectives encompass eliminating gender-based violence, strengthening human capital formation, expanding economic participation, enhancing asset ownership, improving service accessibility, and promoting women's leadership across institutional hierarchies. (20)_________; it is through thematic analyses that earnings disparities and digital inclusion challenges are examined. The Bank's commitment extends beyond conventional development paradigms, (21)_________.

Systematic monitoring will evaluate progress; adaptive strategies ensure responsiveness to emerging challenges. Through targeted investments in education, healthcare, entrepreneurship, and governance reform, the initiative aims to catalyze transformative change. (22)_________. This holistic vision integrates gender considerations throughout development programming, recognizing that equitable outcomes require fundamental restructuring of power dynamics. The strategy ultimately envisions societies where all individuals, regardless of gender identity, contribute meaningfully to collective advancement and shared prosperity.

https://www.worldbank.org/am

Question 18:

A.  which emerged from consultations with over 1,000 stakeholders across 110 nations

B.  which will evolve through sessions involving nearly 500 advisors spanning 125 states

C.  developed through meetings involving nearly 900 delegates covering 115 zones

D.  has resulted from discussions among nearly 2,000 participants within 85 countries

Question 19:

A.  is whether organizations tackle removing institutional barriers via targeted initiatives plus strengthened investment tools

B.  is that governments combat eradicating structural prejudice utilizing focused approaches alongside reinforced capital systems

C.  is what addresses eliminating systemic inequality using comprehensive programs alongside improved funding strategies

D.  is how it prioritizes dismantling entrenched discrimination through scaled interventions and enhanced financing mechanisms

Question 20:

A.  It is within strategic-level framework papers where procedural standards get formulated

B.  It is by evidence-based policy notes that implementation guidelines are accompanied

C.  It is through research-driven regulatory texts which operational protocols were established

D.  It is having analytical-based directive drafts that administrative measures get reinforced

Question 21:

A.  Researchers establishing comprehensive methodologies frequently evaluating multiple variables affecting populations

B.  incorporating intersectional perspectives that acknowledge how overlapping identities compound disadvantage

C.  Policymakers developing collaborative frameworks while communities implementing systematic programs throughout regions

D.  Organizations implementing transformational strategies which professionals continuously monitoring during developments

Question 22:

A.  Empowering gender equality requires transforming institutional policies therefore creating inclusive opportunities

B.  Promoting female-owned businesses through eliminating regulatory barriers represents fundamental economic priority

C.  Supporting women-led enterprises while addressing discriminatory legal frameworks constitutes an essential component

D.  Advancing minority-owned companies whereby removing systemic obstacles becomes critically important nationwide