Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best arrangement of utterances or sentences...

Read the following advertisement and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 6.

ADVERTISEMENT: PROTECT YOUR MENTAL HEALTH TODAY

"Your Digital Safety Starts Here"

⮚        Did you know that adolescent minds (1)_________ need protection from increasingly harmful online environments? Social media platforms, (2)_________ expose vulnerable teenagers to damaging content, have become a significant threat to their psychological well-being.

⮚        A great (3)_________ of young users continue to receive harmful material featuring a (4)_________ figure in despair about their appearance. Millions of teenagers struggle against these platforms that (5)_________ exploitative content into their feeds, often dealing with eating disorders and negative body image.

⮚        Research shows that eating disorder-related posts, (6)_________ harmful beauty standards, lead to serious psychological consequences. Meta's safety tools, being designed to filter inappropriate material, fail to detect over 98% of sensitive content. Our platform works to turn worsening mental health concerns into opportunities for recovery and resilience.

❖        Join us today and reclaim your healthy relationship with social media!

https://www.reuters.com/mk

Question 1:A. desperation
B.  desperate
C.  desperately
D.  desperativity

Question 2:A. that
B.  when
C.  whom
D.  which

Question 3:A. amount
B.  deal
C.  number
D.  majority

Question 4:A. crying 
B.  weeping
C.  tearful
D.  anguished

Question 5:A. keep forcing
B.  keep driving
C.  keep pressing
D.  keep pushing

Question 6:A. spreading
B.  was spreading
C.  had spread
D.  which spread

Read the following passage about Artificial Intelligence and Environmental Protection and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22.

Artificial intelligence helps solve environmental problems in many ways today. If companies used green energy more, they could reduce environmental damage in the future. AI technology helps monitor the environment; many new tools (18)_________. Data centers, which use huge amounts of electricity and water, are the biggest problem. Growing AI infrastructure needs many minerals from mining. As a result, electronic waste increases quickly in poor countries; at the same time, harmful gases rise due to energy use and building new systems. (19)_________, so making the same rules for everyone is very hard and unfair.

UNEP found important solutions that all people must implement quickly. These include measuring AI's environmental effect better, making sure companies tell the truth, creating better computer programs that use less energy, and cutting pollution. (20)_________. The organization says that connecting AI rules with bigger environmental plans needs quick government help at every level; (21)_________. Without clear rules, self-driving cars might actually increase traffic pollution even with new technology. False information about climate could spread fast through AI. UNEP keeps helping countries through planning, (22)_________.

https://www.unep.org/mk

Question 18:

A.  have been created to find methane leaks and watch ecological damage with good results

B.  must be developed for locating carbon dioxide yet monitor geological injury from fine returns

C.  could be planned in seeking nitrogen oxide but studying air quality at best rates

D.  will be kept for scanning sulfide spills or trace geological threat having fine success

Question 19:

A.  That counts is how renewable's pollution footprint varies throughout multiple regions and sectors

B.  What counts are that renewable's pollution impact changes across multiple locations and fields

C.  What matters is that AI's environmental effect changes in different places and industries

D.  Who counts is that technology's climate footprint varies across multiple regions and sectors

Question 20:

A.  Also, renewable energy should power data centers to do less harm

B.  Next, portable devices might charge batteries for creating more harm

C.  Thus, fossil fuels could destroy generators and make greater damage

D.  Hence, nuclear waste should pollute facilities so that increase risk

Question 21:

A.  furthermore, governments refusing cooperation are critically important for worsening ecological damage very badly

B.  also, countries competing separately are very harmful for creating pollution everywhere today

C.  also, countries working together are very important for reaching good environmental results everywhere

D.  moreover, nations ignoring each other are quite essential for destroying environmental protection worldwide

Question 22:

A.  indicates renewable energy will either preventing climate change or destroying natural resources today

B.  which shows AI can either solve environmental problems or make them much worse

C.  demonstrates technology could either reduced carbon emissions or increased global warming significantly

D.  whom shows renewable sources can either reduce carbon emissions or increase global warming significantly

Read the following passage about CARBON CREDITS AND THE FIGHT AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

A recent study conducted by several major newspapers has uncovered a serious problem with carbon offsets. The joint investigation found that more than ninety percent of rainforest carbon credits approved by Verra are essentially fake. Large corporations like Disney, Shell, and Gucci have been purchasing these worthless credits. Instead of truly helping the environment, these offsets merely create an illusion of progress while real pollution continues. Additionally, some offset projects have caused significant harm to indigenous communities living in forest areas.

At an important gathering in Davos, UN leader António Guterres spoke strongly against empty environmental promises. He warned that weak climate pledges allow businesses to pretend they are becoming environmentally friendly. Guterres harshly criticized oil and gas companies for deliberately hiding the truth about their damage to our planet. He compared their deceptive methods to manipulative tricks once employed by cigarette manufacturers decades ago.

According to scientific reports, removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere currently reaches approximately two billion tonnes yearly. The majority of this removal happens through forests absorbing harmful gases naturally. However, environmental experts firmly believe that new technological machines must be constructed rapidly to capture significantly more pollution. Without developing better carbon removal technology soon, meeting international climate goals will remain extremely challenging for all nations.

Despite these serious challenges, some encouraging developments exist worldwide. America and China have recently resumed discussions about fighting global warming cooperatively. China continues to construct solar energy installations at an unprecedented speed, breaking previous records. In Britain, revenue generated from offshore wind farm leases will benefit ordinary citizens directly. Nevertheless, worldwide petroleum consumption keeps increasing steadily. The central message remains unmistakable: genuine environmental action matters far more than hollow promises and inadequate regulations.

https://www.carbonbrief.org/mk

Question 23: Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?

A.  Some carbon offset projects have harmed local communities

B.  European Union plans to improve clean technology competition

C.  Guterres compared fossil fuel tactics to tobacco industry methods

D.  China is building solar energy at record-breaking speed

Question 24: The word “joint” in paragraph 1 is OPPOSITE in meaning to _________.

A.  sole                                        B. shared                                        C. combined                                                D. organized

Question 25: The word “their” in paragraph 2 refers to _________.

A.  Guterres

B.  cigarette manufacturers

C.  oil and gas companies

D.  environmental experts

Question 26: The word “removal” in paragraph 3 could be best replaced by _________.

A.  absorption                        B. reduction                                        C. extraction                                                D. elimination

Question 27: Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 4?

A.  Real environmental efforts prove substantially more important than false pledges and insufficient regulatory frameworks.

B.  Authentic environmental initiatives significantly matter more than genuine pledges and adequate regulatory enforcement.

C.  Genuine environmental action proves substantially less important than hollow promises and inadequate legal requirements.

D.  Real environmental efforts matter significantly less than authentic pledges and sufficient regulatory implementations.

Question 28: Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A.  Oil companies are now revealing complete information about their environmental damage.

B.  Advanced technological machines remove most carbon dioxide from the atmosphere currently.

C.  China is rapidly building solar installations and breaking previous energy production records.

D.  International climate goals can be achieved without developing better carbon removal technology.

Question 29: In which paragraph does the writer mention what problem the newspaper investigation discovered?

A.  Paragraph 4                                B. Paragraph 3                                C. Paragraph 2                                D. Paragraph 1

Question 30: In which paragraph does the writer mention what positive development is happening in Britain?

A.  Paragraph 2                                B. Paragraph 1                                C. Paragraph 4                                D. Paragraph 3

Read the following passage about the Digital Personhood—A Modern Security Challenge and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

In today's world, old ways of checking identity are like a ticking time bomb. For many years, companies have used simple information like names, birth dates, and ID numbers. But these methods have big problems. They provide only one type of protection. When hackers steal data, everyone becomes unsafe. Also, they cannot show the real complexity of people. [I] Now, criminals use deepfakes and AI to pretend to be others. Because of this, checking real identity has become harder than before. This makes proving someone is real and living very important for safety and privacy online.

To fix these issues, Incode created smart technology using artificial intelligence. Their system learned from more than one million fake identity attempts around the world. [II] It can also spot deepfakes with high accuracy and notice makeup changes or unusual facial movements. This technology checks videos in many different ways at the same time, making it very accurate and reliable. Many industries use it successfully: banks, gaming companies, hospitals, insurance firms, and online shops all benefit from this strong protection against fraud.

A famous thinker named Georg Simmel said that identity is unique and deeply connected to society and culture. Modern systems should let people prove who they are without sharing unnecessary private details about themselves. When verification spreads across many places instead of staying in one central location, it becomes much safer and stronger. [III] No single group or company can control everyone's personal information this way. This distributed approach protects against possible misuse and strengthens overall security for all users everywhere.

Ignoring these important ideas brings serious dangers to individuals and society. Deepfake fraud grows every single day, and people lose trust in digital services worldwide. [IV] As technology improves rapidly, criminals also find new tricks and methods to steal identities. Good identity systems must carefully check two essential things: that someone is truly alive and that they really are the person they claim to be online. This complete approach helps build a safer and more secure internet for everyone around the globe today.

https://incode.com/mk

Question 31: The phrase “ticking time bomb” in paragraph 1 has the closest meaning to _________.

A.  break down                                 B. carry out                                         C. look into                                         D. blow up

Question 32: According to the passage, which industry is NOT mentioned as using Incode's technology?

A.  Gaming companies

B.  Online shops

C.  Education institutions

D.  Banks

Question 33: Where in the paragraph does the following sentence best fit?

It can find physical tricks like photos, videos, and masks used by criminals.

A. [I]
B. [II]
C. [III]
D. [IV]

Question 34: The word “it” in paragraph 2 refers to _________.

A.  deepfakes and AI

B.  physical tricks like photos, videos, and masks

C.  incode's smart technology using artificial intelligence

D.  distributed verification systems

Question 35: Which of the following best summarises paragraph 3?

A.  Identity systems must use centralized databases where single companies control all personal information to ensure maximum security and prevent unauthorized access effectively.

B.  Distributed verification methods protect privacy and security by preventing any single organization from controlling personal data across multiple locations simultaneously and thoroughly.

C.  Georg Simmel believed identity verification requires strict government oversight of centralized systems to effectively protect people's privacy and prevent all criminal identity theft attempts.

D.  Modern systems should encourage people to share minimal details while maintaining traditional centralized approaches that allow trusted authorities to monitor all individual activities globally.

Question 36: The word “verification” in paragraph 3 is OPPOSITE in meaning to _________.

A.  concealment                                B. confirmation                                C. recognition                                D. validation

Question 37: Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 4?

A.  Systems should confirm users have valid documentation and maintain legitimate banking records throughout their financial history.

B.  Platforms must verify criminal backgrounds and ensure users have proper licenses before accessing digital financial transactions.

C.  Reliable systems must verify two elements: liveness confirmation and authentic matching between claimed and genuine identity.

D.  Systems should monitor user behavior and detect suspicious activities suggesting potential criminal intent or unauthorized access.

Question 38: Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A.  Incode's technology was designed to prevent banking fraud by monitoring transaction patterns and financial account activity for suspicious withdrawals.

B.  Incode's system learned from millions of identity deception attempts worldwide and can recognize deepfakes and unusual facial expression patterns.

C.  Georg Simmel believed modern verification must require individuals to disclose complete personal history before accessing any digital services.

D.  Traditional centralized systems are more reliable than distributed alternatives because single organizations can control all personal information securely.

Question 39: Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

A.  Traditional identity methods failed because static information could not prevent criminals from using deepfakes and AI to deceive verification systems successfully.

B.  Banks and hospitals chose Incode's system mainly to collect more personal data and increase their business revenue and customer profitability significantly.

C.  Simmel believed distributed systems should eliminate all personal identification requirements entirely to ensure complete user privacy and anonymity online.

D.  Deepfake fraud and identity theft will eventually disappear as technology continues advancing without requiring any additional security improvements or interventions.

Question 40: Which of the following best summarises the passage?

A.  Incode's artificial intelligence technology was designed specifically to help governments collect and store personal identification data from citizens across multiple centralized databases for national security purposes.

B.  Traditional identity verification methods failed because criminals gradually became more educated, so modern companies must eliminate all forms of digital verification to protect user privacy and prevent fraud effectively.

C.  Georg Simmel's theory about distributed identity systems proves that deepfake fraud is impossible to commit because criminals cannot understand how complex social and cultural connections affect personal verification methods.

D.  Modern identity verification must combine advanced AI technology to detect deepfakes and deception with distributed systems that protect privacy while ensuring people prove they are genuinely alive online.

Read of the following leaflet and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 7 to 12.

STOP DEEPFAKE GREENWASHING NOW!

Protect Our Planet from Digital Deception

What is Deepfake Greenwashing?

⮚        Many companies make false environmental claims, (7)_________ deepfake technology makes this problem even worse. Fake images and videos can now show false climate commitment, making it hard to tell truth from lies.

❖        The Alarming Facts:

⮚        Over half of business leaders admit to greenwashing, while (8)_________ continue to spread fake green messages without any evidence. This dangerous digital deception is growing out (9)_________ control across all industries.

❖        What We Need:

⮚        Strong AI (10)_________ must be signed between nations to regulate artificial intelligence. Governments should take (11)_________ measures against companies that use deepfakes for false advertising. We need (12)_________ strategies to fight this new threat.

❖        Take Action Today!

✔        Learn to identify fake content

✔        Report suspicious green claims

✔        Support stronger AI laws

❖        Together, we can protect our planet from digital lies!

#StopGreenwashing #AIRegulation #ClimateAction

https://www.weforum.org/mk

Question 7:A. and
B.  but
C.  nor
D.  so

Question 8:A. another
B.  others
C.  the others
D.  other

Question 9:A. of
B.  with
C.  to
D.  for

Question 10:A. pacts
B.  covenants
C.  accords
D.  treaties

Question 11:A. disciplinary
B.  punitive 
C.  penal
D.  penalizing

Question 12:A. government effective regulation
B.  effective regulation government 

C.  effective government regulation
D.  regulation government effective