Read the following passage about ISSB's Strategic Approach to Nature-Related Disclosure Standards and mark the...

Read the following advertisement and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 6.

Navigate the "Google Zero" Era with Confidence

❖        Are you a publisher worried about declining search traffic?

⮚        The digital landscape is changing rapidly, and the (1)_________ of forward-thinking and experienced publishers are now facing a significant and unprecedented challenge. Google's innovative AI-driven features, (2)_________ efficiently answer user questions directly on the search results page, are dramatically reducing clicks to traditional news websites.

⮚        (3)_________ hard to maintain sustainable audience growth and engagement, many established media companies are now actively seeking new innovative solutions. Our cutting-edge platform helps you successfully build a diverse ecosystem of (4)_________ to effectively protect and grow your business.

⮚        We proudly provide strategic and practical tools for developing engaging newsletters, mobile apps, and subscription services that connect you directly with (5)_________ readers. Don't let your valuable organic traffic (6)_________ dramatically and unexpectedly—take decisive action today!

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https://www.ft.com/z

Question 1:A. majority
B.  few
C.  much
D.  little

Question 2:A. that
B.  what
C.  where
D.  which

Question 3:A. Had struggled
B.  Was struggled
C.  Struggling
D.  Which struggled

Question 4:A. referrers
B.  referrals
C.  referees
D.  references

Question 5:A. loyally
B.  loyal
C.  loyalty
D.  loyalize

Question 6:A. fall out
B.  fall down
C.  fall off
D.  fall through

Read of the following leaflet and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 7 to 12.

Protect Yourself from Misinformation with Prebunking

❖        What is Prebunking?

⮚        Prebunking is like (7)_________ psychological vaccine that effectively protects your mind against misleading and manipulative information before you encounter it in daily life. This innovative approach works by giving you a weakened (8)_________ of manipulation tactics, so your brain can naturally build strong resistance and recognize similar tricks in the future.

❖        How Does It Work?

⮚        Effective prebunking combines three essential and powerful elements: a clear warning, a detailed explanation, and a harmless example of the misleading tactic being used. (9)_________ misinformation spreads rapidly across various social media platforms and online communities, prebunking can successfully help you stay one step ahead of manipulators.

⮚        You will learn to identify (10)_________ categories that repeatedly appear across different topics and various contexts.

❖        Why Should You Care?

⮚        Misinformation can catch you (11)_________ guard and seriously influence your important decisions, affecting your health choices, political views, and personal relationships with family and friends. Our comprehensive prebunking program helps you prevent misinformation from spreading before it has taken (12)_________ in your community and social circles.

❖        Take Action Today!

✔        Watch our short educational videos

✔        Play our interactive learning games

✔        Share this valuable knowledge with friends and family

✔        Get regular "booster" reminders to maintain your resilience

❖        Don't be fooled. Be prepared. Start prebunking today!

❖        A collaboration between the University of Cambridge, Jigsaw/Google, and BBC Media Action

https://www.unhcr.org/z

Question 7:A. Ø
B.  the
C.  an
D.  a

Question 8:A. form
B.  dose
C.  sample
D.  version

Question 9:A. Although
B.  However
C.  Meanwhile
D.  Moreover

Question 10:A. manipulation common technique
B.  technique manipulation common 

C.  common manipulation technique
D.  manipulation technique common 

Question 11:A. about
B.  off
C.  with
D.  forward

Question 12:A. place
B.  root
C.  effect
D.  hold

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best arrangement of utterances or sentences to make a meaningful exchange or text in each of the following questions from 13 to 17.

Question 13:

A.         Jonas: I know what you mean—my grandfather always said that ancient builders didn't just stack rocks; they captured their dreams and fears inside them forever.

B.         Maya: Standing here at Stonehenge, I can't shake the feeling that these stones are trying to tell us something we've forgotten how to hear.

C.         Maya: Maybe that's why I feel so small yet so connected at the same time, like I'm part of a conversation that started thousands of years ago.

A.  b-a-c
B.  a-b-c
C.  b-c-a        
D.  c-a-b

Question 14:

A.         Lena: That's a fair point, and I've been thinking about volunteering at the community garden since it might help me meet people who actually care about this place.

B.         Lena: I've lived in this city for five years, but I still don't feel like I truly belong here because everyone seems too busy to connect with their neighbors.

C.         David: That's exactly how I found my sense of home here, because the moment I started helping others, strangers became friends and empty streets became familiar paths.

D.         Lena: Maybe modern cities don't automatically make us citizens, but they offer countless opportunities if we're willing to step outside our apartments and engage with the world around us.

e.        David: I understand your frustration, yet I believe that belonging isn't something the city gives you—it's something you create when you join local communities and participate in neighborhood events.

A.  e-d-b-a-c
B.  b-e-a-c-d
C.  b-a-d-e-c
D.  a-e-b-c-d

Question 15:

Dear Emma,

A.         Until I started paying attention to these small wonders, I never realized that adventure doesn't require traveling far from home.

B.         When I sat quietly near the old oak tree yesterday, I watched a family of ladybugs climb up the leaves while a curious squirrel observed me from above.

C.         Although I used to think my backyard was boring, I recently discovered that it's actually a tiny jungle full of amazing creatures.

D.         Since you've always loved nature documentaries, I believe you would be fascinated by the spiderweb that sparkles like diamonds whenever the morning sunlight touches it.

e.        If you visit me next weekend, we could explore the garden together because I've found a hidden corner where butterflies gather every afternoon.

With excitement,

Z

A.  d-a-e-b-c
B.  b-e-d-c-a
C.  c-b-d-e-a
D.  e-c-b-d-a

Question 16:

A.         These forgotten heroes fought for women's rights in their communities, yet their names disappeared because historians often ignored ordinary people who created extraordinary change.

B.         Since schools rarely teach about these hidden figures, many students grow up believing that only a few individuals shaped the movement while thousands of others contributed nothing.

C.         If we want to honor their legacy properly, we must research their stories and share them widely so that future generations will never forget their important contributions.

D.         Although many people know about famous feminists like Susan
B. Anthony, countless brave pioneers have been erased from our history books and forgotten by modern society.

e.        When we fail to remember these pioneers, we lose valuable lessons about courage and sacrifice that could inspire young activists who are fighting for equality today.

A.  e-a-b-d-c
B.  a-b-d-e-c
C.  b-e-d-a-c
D.  d-a-e-b-c

Question 17:

A.         Although we cannot actually control time, music gives us a powerful tool to shape our perception of it, and this explains why life feels richer when we surround ourselves with meaningful songs.

B.         When we listen to music that we truly enjoy, time seems to fly by quickly because our brains become deeply absorbed in the rhythm and melody.

C.         If you have ever waited in a boring queue without music, you probably noticed that time dragged painfully because your mind had nothing interesting to focus on.

D.         Scientists have discovered that fast-paced songs make us feel energetic and rushed, while slow ballads create a peaceful atmosphere where minutes stretch into what feels like hours.

e.        Many shops and restaurants play background music strategically, since they understand that the right soundtrack can make customers feel relaxed and encourage them to stay longer.

A.  b-c-a-e-d
B.  b-d-c-e-a
C.  b-e-d-c-a
D.  b-a-d-c-e

Read the following passage about SLEEPMAXXING: THE MODERN PURSUIT OF OPTIMAL REST and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

Contemporary society has witnessed the emergence of "sleepmaxxing," a colloquial expression describing deliberate efforts to enhance one's slumber through diverse methodologies and technological innovations. This terminology derives from combining "sleep" with the suffix "-maxxing," a linguistic construction originating from "looksmaxxing"—online self-improvement communities focused on augmenting physical attractiveness. Although optimizing nocturnal rest represents a concept spanning several decades, sleepmaxxing has garnered unprecedented attention recently, predominantly through viral content disseminated across platforms like TikTok.

Practitioners typically employ multifaceted approaches encompassing elimination of disruptive elements, utilization of physical apparatus, and consumption of dietary supplements. Mouth taping constitutes one frequently mentioned technique, purportedly encouraging nasal breathing throughout nighttime hours. Melatonin remains another prevalent choice among enthusiasts seeking pharmaceutical assistance for their circadian rhythms. These methods collectively aim at maximizing both duration and caliber of restorative unconsciousness.

The phenomenon predominantly circulates among non-medical advocates who categorize numerous heterogeneous techniques under this singular umbrella designation. Healthcare professionals generally endorse the fundamental objective of ameliorating sleep patterns, recognizing insufficient rest as detrimental to overall wellness. However, these experts simultaneously express considerable apprehension regarding certain popularized strategies that lack scientific validation or regulatory oversight.

Medical authorities caution that specific trending recommendations may prove counterproductive or potentially hazardous to practitioners. Sleep-tracking applications, despite their widespread adoption, sometimes exacerbate anxiety surrounding rest rather than facilitating improvement. Unregulated supplements present additional concerns, as their composition and efficacy remain unverified by authoritative bodies. Consequently, individuals pursuing enhanced slumber should exercise discernment, consulting qualified practitioners before implementing dramatic modifications to their nocturnal routines.

https://www.merriam-webster.com/z

Question 23: Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as a sleepmaxxing practice?

A.  Applying adhesive strips over the mouth during nighttime

B.  Consuming melatonin for circadian rhythm assistance

C.  Utilizing applications that monitor sleeping patterns

D.  Practicing meditation before retiring to bed

Question 24: The word “predominantly” in paragraph 1 is OPPOSITE in meaning to _________.

A.  principally                
B.  chiefly                                C. marginally                                D. substantially

Question 25: The word “their” in paragraph 2 refers to _________.

A.  dietary supplements                B. enthusiasts        
C.  prevalent choices                        D. practitioners

Question 26: The word “ameliorating” in paragraph 3 could be best replaced by _________.

A.  enhancing                        
B.  deteriorating                        C. sustaining                                D. undermining

Question 27: Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 4?

A.  Controlled substances generate fewer worries because their ingredients and effectiveness receive validation from official agencies.

B.  Supervised medications create minimal anxieties since their formulation and potency undergo assessment by recognized institutions.

C.  Unsupervised substances raise further worries because their ingredients and effectiveness lack validation from official agencies.

D.  Regulated medications produce significant anxieties although their formulation and potency receive assessment by recognized institutions.

Question 28: Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A.  Healthcare professionals entirely dismiss all sleepmaxxing methods as hazardous and invalid.

B.  The notion of optimizing sleep originated recently with the rise of social media platforms.

C.  Sleep-tracking applications consistently assist users in reducing anxiety about their rest.

D.  Medical experts advise consulting professionals before making major changes to sleep habits.

Question 29: In which paragraph does the writer mention what contributed most significantly to sleepmaxxing's recent popularity?

A.  Paragraph 2                                B. Paragraph 4                                C. Paragraph 1                        
D.  Paragraph 3

Question 30: In which paragraph does the writer present a contrasting viewpoint between two different groups regarding sleepmaxxing practices?

A.  Paragraph 4                                B. Paragraph 3                                C. Paragraph 2                                D. Paragraph 1

Read the following passage about the The Inflation of Sustainability Discourse and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

Contemporary environmental communication has witnessed an alarming phenomenon that researchers Conti and Seele characterize as "greenlash"—a mounting backlash against sustainability policies. This reactionary movement stems partially from what scholars identify as sustainability discourse inflation, wherein corporate and governmental pledges dramatically exceed tangible environmental actions. [I] Critics argue that incessant green proclamations without corresponding substantive measures have transformed legitimate environmental advocacy into something resembling a witch-hunt against sincere ecological advocates. The proliferation of hollow commitments has consequently eroded public confidence in ecological initiatives, generating widespread skepticism toward even genuine conservation efforts.

Greenwashing itself has undergone a significant metamorphosis throughout recent decades. These deceptive practices have grown increasingly subtle and legally ambiguous. Previously confined to corporate public relations departments, deceptive environmental marketing has infiltrated governmental communications and international diplomatic arenas. This evolution has produced polarized responses: some organizations adopt "greenhushing"—deliberate silence regarding their ecological endeavors—while opposing factions become "greenwashing truthers" who denounce virtually any environmental assertion as fraudulent. [II]

To address this predicament, Conti and Seele propose an innovative framework borrowing terminology from macroeconomic theory. They conceptualize "sustainability debate inflation" as the disparity between declarations and demonstrable outcomes. When rhetoric falls below actual achievements, greenhushing occurs; when statements align precisely with accomplishments, authentic sustainable development materializes; when proclamations surpass verifiable actions, greenwashing emerges. [III] This analytical model illuminates how communication imbalances distort environmental progress perceptions.

The researchers advocate implementing "sustainability debate austerity" as a corrective mechanism. [IV] This approach would temporarily freeze excessive environmental claims while establishing more rigorous standards for ecological statements. Specifically, they recommend tightening disclosure requirements, enhancing measurement protocols, and prioritizing science-based, achievable targets grounded in verifiable actions. However, the authors caution that such interventions require meticulous calibration. Poorly implemented austerity measures could inadvertently backfire, potentially creating prolonged stagnation or exacerbating the underlying credibility crisis they intended to resolve.

https://link.springer.com/z

Question 31: The phrase “a witch-hunt” in paragraph 1 has the closest meaning to _________.

A.  stand by                                        B. carry out                                C. look into                                        D. crack down on

Question 32: Where in the paragraph does the following sentence best fit?

Such extreme reactions demonstrate how corrupted discourse undermines productive environmental dialogue.

A. [I]
B. [II]
C. [III]
D. [IV]

Question 33: Which of the following is NOT MENTIONED in the passage?

A.  Specific timelines for implementing sustainability debate austerity measures

B.  Greenhushing involves deliberate silence about ecological endeavors

C.  Greenwashing has expanded into governmental communications

D.  Sustainability debate inflation describes gaps between declarations and outcomes

Question 34: The word “their” in paragraph 2 refers to _________.

A.  greenwashing truthers

B.  polarized responses

C.  some organizations

D.  opposing factions

Question 35: Which of the following best summarises paragraph 3?

A.  Conti and Seele developed a macroeconomic model showing that corporate rhetoric consistently undermines governmental environmental policy effectiveness across all sectors.

B.  The researchers established that greenhushing represents the optimal corporate communication strategy when organizations seek to avoid public scrutiny of their practices.

C.  Scholars demonstrated that authentic sustainable development remains impossible because declarations and demonstrable outcomes can never achieve perfect alignment.

D.  Conti and Seele introduced an economic-inspired framework categorizing environmental communication based on the gap between stated claims and actual results.

Question 36: The word “rhetoric” in paragraph 3 is OPPOSITE in meaning to _________.

A.  discourse                                
B.  substantiation                
C.  proclamation                        
D.  articulation

Question 37: Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 4?

A.  They suggest relaxing transparency rules, simplifying assessments, and pursuing ambitious goals based on theoretical projections.

B.  They propose eliminating reporting duties, standardizing evaluations, and focusing on idealistic aims from future forecasts.

C.  They advise strengthening transparency standards, improving evaluations, and emphasizing realistic goals anchored in proof.

D.  They advocate maintaining current disclosures, refining documentation, and establishing experimental targets through consensus.

Question 38: Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A.  Greenwashing tactics have expanded beyond corporations into governmental and diplomatic spheres over time.

B.  Greenhushing represents organizations exaggerating their environmental achievements to attract public attention.

C.  Sustainability debate austerity permanently eliminates all environmental claims to restore public credibility.

D.  Greenlash emerged primarily because genuine ecological advocates attacked corporate sustainability efforts.

Question 39: Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

A.  Greenwashing truthers have successfully restored public trust in corporate environmental initiatives worldwide.

B.  Excessive environmental rhetoric without action can ultimately harm authentic sustainability movements overall.

C.  Sustainability debate austerity guarantees immediate resolution of all environmental credibility problems today.