Read the following advertisement and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option...

Read of the following leaflet and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 7 to 12.

CASGEVY—A NEW HOPE FOR SICKLE CELL DISEASE

Revolutionary Gene-Editing Therapy Now Available on the NHS

Great news for patients with severe sickle cell disease!

⮚        On 31 January 2025, NICE approved Casgevy (exagamglogene autotemcel), a (7)_________ treatment for eligible NHS patients aged 12 and over.

❖        How Does It Work?

⮚        This innovative treatment uses CRISPR gene-editing technology to transform your own stem cells. (8)_________ process involves collecting your cells, editing them in a laboratory, and infusing them back into your body. (9)_________ the cells are your own, there is absolutely no risk of rejection by your immune system.

❖        Who Is Eligible?

⮚        Casgevy is suitable for patients who need a stem-cell transplant but cannot find a matched (10)_________. Many current treatments only control symptoms and often cause (11)_________ side effects for patients.

❖        Why This Matters

⮚        For thousands of SCD patients, this therapy could be the light at the end (12)_________ the tunnel after years of suffering. SCD disproportionately affects people from African, Caribbean, Middle Eastern, and South Asian backgrounds—making this approval a significant step toward reducing health inequalities.

❖        Take Action Today

Contact your GP or specialist to discuss whether Casgevy is right for you.

✔        Learn more: www.nhs.uk/casgevy-information

✔        Find your nearest treatment centre: www.nhs.uk/scd-centres

This therapy is offered via a managed access scheme. Eligibility criteria apply.

Together, we can fight sickle cell disease!

https://www.nice.org.uk/z

Question 7:A. gene therapy groundbreaking
B.  groundbreaking gene therapy

C.  groundbreaking therapy gene
D.  therapy groundbreaking gene 

Question 8:A. An
B.  Ø
C.  The
D.  A

Question 9:A. Although
B.  Whereas
C.  In spite of
D.  Because

Question 10:A. donor
B.  giver
C.  provider
D.  contributor

Question 11:A. unbearable
B.  intolerable
C.  insufferable
D.  unendurable

Question 12:A. for
B.  to
C.  in
D.  of

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best arrangement of utterances or sentences to make a meaningful exchange or text in each of the following questions from 13 to 17.

Question 13:

A.         Tom: No way! So he was basically broke and still managed to change how the whole world eats?

B.         Lily: Did you know the guy who invented instant noodles was nearly bankrupt when he came up with the idea?

C.         Lily: Exactly! Sometimes, having nothing forces you to create something amazing.

A.  b-c-a        
B.  c-a-b
C.  b-a-c
D.  a-c-b

Question 14:

A.         Anna: I just joined our neighborhood time bank last week, and I already earned two hours by teaching an elderly lady how to use her smartphone.

B.         Ben: So if I spend one hour fixing someone's bicycle, I can use that hour to get something I need, like a haircut or a home-cooked meal?

C.         Anna: It's pretty simple because you just offer a skill you have, and when someone needs it, you help them and earn time credits.

D.         Anna: Exactly, and the best part is that everyone's time is valued equally, whether you're a doctor or a student who can only walk dogs.

e.        Ben: That sounds interesting, but I'm still confused about how it actually works since I've never heard of it before.

A.  a-e-c-b-d
B.  e-b-a-d-c
C.  a-d-c-b-e
D.  c-a-b-e-d

Question 15:

Dear Marcus,

A.         If we don't learn from these tragedies soon, I'm afraid that more beautiful creatures will vanish forever from our planet.

B.         Since scientists are now studying these extinct animals through DNA and fossils, we can finally understand what mistakes our ancestors made.

C.         Because this subject has changed how I see the world, I really hope you will consider joining this course next semester.

D.         Although I just started my extinction studies course last month, I have already learned so many heartbreaking facts about lost species.

e.        When I discovered that the dodo bird disappeared because sailors hunted them for food, I felt truly sad about human carelessness.

Your friend,

Z

A.  e-d-a-b-c
B.  a-c-d-e-b
C.  e-b-a-d-c
D.  d-e-b-a-c

Question 16:

A.         Since newcomers often speak different dialects and follow unfamiliar customs, tensions between locals and migrants can escalate into discrimination, and this social fracture damages the fabric of national unity.

B.         When millions of people move from rural areas to big cities, they often carry dreams of a better life, but they also leave behind broken communities and aging populations.

C.         If governments fail to invest in rural development while also improving urban infrastructure, the gap between rich and poor regions will continue to widen dangerously.

D.         Because understanding these internal borders is essential for building a cohesive society, policymakers must address both the root causes of migration and the challenges that arise when diverse groups are forced to coexist.

e.        Although internal migration can boost economic growth in urban centers, it frequently creates overcrowded slums where migrants struggle to access basic services like healthcare and education.

A.  c-a-b-e-d
B.  b-e-a-c-d
C.  e-c-a-b-d
D.  a-b-e-c-d

Question 17:

A.         While society constantly celebrates the acquisition of new knowledge, it rarely acknowledges that letting go of obsolete information is equally important for intellectual growth.

B.         If educational systems taught students how to question and release old knowledge alongside acquiring new information, future generations would become more adaptable thinkers who embrace change rather than fear it.

C.         Since the modern world evolves at an unprecedented pace, professionals must regularly examine their assumptions, and they should willingly discard methods that no longer serve current realities.

D.         Although unlearning feels uncomfortable because it challenges our sense of identity, this process creates mental space for fresh perspectives and innovative solutions that rigid thinking could never produce.

e.        When scientific discoveries disprove long-held beliefs, individuals who cling to outdated theories not only limit their own potential, but they also hinder collective progress in their communities.

A.  a-e-d-c-b
B.  a-b-e-d-c
C.  a-c-b-e-d
D.  a-d-c-e-b

Read the following passage about Australia's Proposed Anti-Hate Legislation and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22.

The Albanese government has recently introduced an exposure draft bill that aims to combat antisemitism, hatred, and extremism across the nation. This legislation, (18)_________, would criminalize the public promotion or incitement of racial hatred under specific circumstances. Had the government not consulted extensively with faith communities beforehand, (19)_________. The proposed law establishes an objective threshold; prosecutors would only need to demonstrate that a reasonable person could feel intimidated or threatened by the conduct in question. Maximum penalties reaching five years' imprisonment have been stipulated for standard offenses, (20)_________.

Beyond addressing hate speech, the comprehensive package encompasses a prohibited hate-group listing regime and sweeping gun-law reforms. (21)_________, is that the minister could designate organizations based on intelligence assessments with minimal procedural fairness requirements. The firearms component introduces a national buyback program, stricter import regulations, and revolutionary licensing modifications that would integrate civilian applications into AusCheck. Intelligence agencies, including ASIO and ACIC, would consequently gain authority to share relevant information based on risk assessments rather than established guilt; (22)_________. Parliament reconvened specifically to deliberate on these transformative measures, reflecting the urgency surrounding contemporary security challenges facing Australian society.

https://www.abc.net.au/z

Question 18:

A.  which has represented one of the most significant reforms in Australian legal history

B.  had represented one of the most significant reforms in Australian legal history

C.  which represents one of the most significant reforms in Australian legal history

D.  provisions rank among the most significant reforms in Australian legal history

Question 19:

A. having overlooked key objections raised by faith leaders during preliminary hearings

B.  the narrow religious defense provision might never have been incorporated into the final draft

C.  which was drafted amid intense debate over balancing free speech and anti-discrimination principles

D.  which many argued placed undue limits on public discourse despite its stated aims

Question 20:

A.  whereas aggravated cases involving preachers or targeting minors should attract substantially harsher sentences

B.  whereas aggravated cases involving preachers or targeting minors have attracted substantially harsher sentences

C.  while aggravated cases involving preachers or targeting minors might attract substantially harsher sentences

D.  whereas aggravated cases involving preachers or targeting minors could attract substantially harsher sentences

Question 21:

A.  What particularly concerns civil liberties advocates, according to various legal experts

B.  What particularly impresses civil liberties advocates, according to various legal experts

C.  What particularly concerns national security officials, according to various legal experts

D.  The fact that particularly concerns civil liberties advocates, according to various legal experts

Question 22:

A.  this policy confines information sharing to post-conviction cases, even when significant risks are identified

B.  this approach bases disclosure decisions on operational efficiency rather than risk indicators

C.  this approach fundamentally shifts the traditional burden regarding firearm ownership

D.  this shift still requires agencies to establish guilt before any information is shared

Read the following passage about A GLOBAL CONSERVATION SUCCESS STORY and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

Marine biologists have long monitored chelonian species inhabiting our oceans, and recent findings offer encouraging news. A comprehensive international assessment reveals that most sea turtle populations are experiencing remarkable recovery following decades of severe depletion caused by excessive hunting, habitat destruction, and fishery-related mortality. This extensive evaluation, encompassing nesting beach records and supplementary datasets across all seven recognized species, demonstrates that sustained preservation efforts can yield positive outcomes despite ongoing oceanic transformations.

The investigation uncovered that statistically significant population increases substantially outnumber documented declines, particularly evident in updated 2024 compilations. Enhanced protective measures at numerous nesting locations—including diminished artificial illumination, curtailed poaching activities, and fishery regulations minimizing incidental capture—have facilitated greater reproductive success. Four among five regional green turtle groups exhibit upward trajectories, while loggerhead nesting sites frequently display dramatic resurgence. Cape Verde's loggerhead nests, for instance, surged from approximately five hundred to thirty-five thousand annually between 2008 and 2020.

Nevertheless, certain populations remain imperiled. Pacific leatherbacks, alongside some Caribbean counterparts, continue experiencing worrying deterioration despite broader conservation achievements. Scientists additionally emphasize climatic threats confronting these ancient reptiles; elevated sand temperatures increasingly skew their hatchling sex ratios toward females, potentially disrupting future breeding dynamics. Some populations may nevertheless adapt through temporal or geographical nesting adjustments, selecting cooler periods or alternative locations.

Researchers have outlined priority actions for the forthcoming decades. These encompass strengthening climate resilience mechanisms, further reducing bycatch alongside traditional hunting pressures, mitigating plastic contamination and pollution impacts, and safeguarding critical foraging environments. Seagrass meadows, serving as essential feeding grounds for multiple species, require particular restoration attention. While challenges persist, this comprehensive review confirms that dedicated, prolonged conservation investment can reverse seemingly inexorable population declines affecting vulnerable marine species.

https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/z

Question 23: According to the passage, which of the following is NOT MENTIONED as a factor contributing to the historical depletion of sea turtle populations?

A.  Excessive hunting practices

B.  Habitat destruction

C.  Fishery-related mortality

D.  Plastic contamination

Question 24: The word “mortality” in paragraph 1 is OPPOSITE in meaning to _________.

A.  demise                                
B.  vitality                                C. fatality                                        D. morbidity

Question 25: The word “resurgence” in paragraph 2 could be best replaced by _________.

A.  deterioration                                B. stagnation                        C. revival                                        D. diminution

Question 26: The word “their” in paragraph 3 refers to _________.

A.  reptiles                                        B. scientists                                C. temperatures                                D. threats

Question 27: Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 4?

A.  Priorities include enhancing ecosystem adaptation, eliminating fishing operations, addressing marine debris, and establishing protected feeding zones.

B.  Measures involve developing temperature strategies, minimizing accidental captures while maintaining harvesting, reducing waste, and preserving nutritional habitats.

C.  Initiatives require implementing weather-resistant improvements, decreasing intentional exploitation, controlling synthetic dispersal, and monitoring breeding grounds.

D.  Objectives comprise building adaptive capacity, decreasing incidental catches while addressing deliberate exploitation, reducing synthetic pollution, and protecting feeding areas.

Question 28: Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A.  All seven sea turtle species demonstrate consistent population growth across their global distribution ranges.

B.  Cape Verde's loggerhead population increased approximately seventy-fold during a twelve-year monitoring period.

C.  Rising sand temperatures create balanced sex ratios by producing equal numbers of male and female hatchlings.

D.  Pacific leatherback populations show remarkable recovery patterns similar to most other regional turtle groups.

Question 29: In which paragraph does the writer mention what evidence demonstrates the dramatic recovery of loggerhead turtle populations?

A.  Paragraph 1
B.  Paragraph 4
C.  Paragraph 2
D.  Paragraph 3

Question 30: In which paragraph does the writer identify as requiring particular conservation attention?

A.  Paragraph 3        
B.  Paragraph 2
C.  Paragraph 4
D.  Paragraph 1

Read the following passage about the Navigating Educational Transformation in an Uncertain Era and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

The OECD's Trends Shaping Education 2025 examines how contemporary global dynamics will fundamentally reshape learning systems worldwide. Organized into four progressive themes from global to personal dimensions, it explores conflict, labour, communication, and health. [I] The publication employs strategic foresight methodologies rather than conventional forecasting, presenting alternative scenarios—continuation, transformation, or collapse—to assist policymakers in stress-testing decisions amid uncertainty. This approach acknowledges that educational institutions cannot simply divide and conquer complex challenges through isolated interventions; instead, comprehensive, interconnected strategies prove essential for addressing multifaceted pressures.

Geopolitical tensions increasingly strain public finances, potentially constraining educational budgets while simultaneously disrupting schooling and undermining stakeholder well-being. [II] Meanwhile, labour markets undergo profound transitions driven by environmental imperatives and artificial intelligence automation, necessitating enhanced skill development and continuous learning opportunities. Without deliberate resilience-building measures, these transformations risk exacerbating existing inequalities, leaving vulnerable populations further marginalized.

Democratic governance and communal solidarity face mounting threats from polarisation, misinformation campaigns, and evolving civic participation patterns. Consequently, cultivating critical reasoning abilities, media literacy competencies, and responsible digital citizenship becomes paramount. [III] The report simultaneously emphasizes holistic health considerations, encompassing mental wellness and "One Health" frameworks that recognize interdependencies among human, animal, and planetary vitality. Care professions and socio-emotional capabilities gain prominence as societies acknowledge their fundamental importance.

Three overarching concerns permeate the analysis: navigating AI-integrated learning environments, advancing environmental sustainability, and combating systemic inequality. [IV] Rather than offering definitive predictions, the OECD presents stakeholder narratives and scenario planning tools, enabling education leaders to anticipate diverse possibilities and implement proactive measures. The publication ultimately argues that education systems must simultaneously respond to external forces while actively shaping societal trajectories. By fostering adaptability, equity, and critical consciousness, schools can transform from passive recipients of change into dynamic agents driving positive futures, ensuring learners develop capacities to thrive amid complexity and contribute meaningfully to collective well-being across generations.

https://www.oecd.org/z

Question 31: The phrase “divide and conquer” in paragraph 1 has the closest meaning to _________.

A.  break down
B. set apart
C. cut off
D. split up

Question 32: Where in the paragraph does the following sentence best fit?

Migration flows generate fresh demands for inclusive practices and social cohesion mechanisms.

A. [I]
B. [II]
C. [III]
D. [IV]

Question 33: All of the following challenges are mentioned EXCEPT?

A.  Geopolitical tensions constraining educational budgets and disrupting schooling operations

B.  Misinformation campaigns threatening democratic governance and communal solidarity

C.  Labour market transitions driven by environmental imperatives and AI automation

D.  Inadequate teacher training programs failing to incorporate modern pedagogical techniques

Question 34: The word “undermining” in paragraph 2 is OPPOSITE in meaning to _________.

A.  bolstering                                        B. deteriorating                        C. diminishing                                D. eroding

Question 35: The word “their” in paragraph 3 refers to _________.

A.  Holistic health considerations

B.  Care professions and socio-emotional capabilities

C.  Human, animal, and planetary vitality

D.  Societies

Question 36: Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 4?

A.  Educational institutions should prioritize adapting to external changes over influencing future social directions.

B.  Schools must focus on responding to immediate pressures before attempting to transform broader societal structures.

C.  Learning systems need to both adapt to societal pressures and proactively influence community development directions.

D.  Education systems should alternate between reacting to contemporary challenges and initiating emerging social reforms.

Question 37: Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A.  The OECD report provides definitive predictions to guide policymakers in making educational decisions.

B.  The publication uses scenario planning rather than conventional forecasting to prepare for uncertain futures.

C.  Educational institutions can effectively address complex challenges through isolated interventions targeting specific problems.

D.  Labour market transitions primarily result from demographic shifts rather than environmental and technological factors.

Question 38: Which of the following best summarises paragraph 3?

A.  Democratic challenges require educational focus on critical thinking, while environmental health frameworks demand separate institutional responses.

B.  Misinformation threats necessitate media literacy development, and healthcare systems must prioritize mental wellness over physical health considerations.

C.  Civic participation decline demands digital citizenship training, while care professions require enhanced funding to address societal wellness needs.

D.  Democratic threats require critical thinking and media literacy, while holistic health frameworks and socio-emotional capabilities gain importance.

Question 39: Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

A.  Educational institutions will inevitably collapse without immediate implementation of comprehensive artificial intelligence integration programs across all learning systems.

B.  Migration flows primarily benefit host societies by automatically generating inclusive practices and strengthening social cohesion mechanisms without requiring interventions.

C.  Current educational approaches may prove insufficient for addressing interconnected challenges unless institutions adopt more comprehensive and integrated strategic responses.

D.  Labour market transitions will naturally resolve existing inequalities as environmental imperatives and automation create enhanced opportunities for all population segments.

Question 40: Which of the following best summarises the passage?

A.  The OECD report identifies geopolitical conflicts and migration as primary educational challenges, recommending isolated interventions to address budget constraints and promote inclusive practices.

B.  The OECD report examines global forces reshaping education, advocating comprehensive strategies and scenario planning to help institutions proactively address interconnected challenges and shape futures.

C.  The OECD report predicts inevitable educational collapse from AI automation and environmental crises, urging immediate implementation of digital citizenship programs to prevent systemic failures.

D.  The OECD report prioritizes labour market transitions and health frameworks as central concerns, proposing conventional forecasting methods to guide policymakers toward definitive solutions.