Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the best arrangement of utterances or sentences to make a meaningful...

Read the following passage about climate change and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 5.

Climate change is one of the most pressing issues facing our planet today. Rising temperatures are causing polar ice caps to melt and sea levels to rise. Many coastal cities are now at risk of flooding during extreme weather events. (1) ____________. This has led to increased discussions about the need for sustainable practices.

Efforts to combat climate change have been implemented worldwide. Countries are working together to reduce carbon emissions, (2) ____________ through international agreements like the Paris Accord. Governments are also investing in renewable energy sources, which can help lessen our reliance on fossil fuels.

In addition to these initiatives, individuals can also make a difference. Simple actions, such as reducing waste and conserving energy, can contribute to a healthier environment. (3) ____________, we cannot achieve significant progress.

Climate change affects not only the environment but also human health and well-being. (4) ____________. Rising temperatures can lead to increased respiratory problems and heat-related illnesses. Therefore, it is essential to address these issues urgently to protect our planet and ourselves.

As awareness of climate change grows, more people are joining the movement for climate action. (5) ____________, which means that collective action is needed to create a sustainable world for generations to come.

Question 1.

A. Therefore, governments have begun to implement measures and policies in response.

B. Consequently, public awareness of the associated impacts has diminished.

C. As a result, efforts are being made to prepare for natural disasters.

D. Because of these changes, numerous natural habitats are being destroyed.

Question 2.

A. which are intended to decrease pollution and foster improvements in air quality.

B. that seek to reduce levels of pollution and promote cleaner air quality.

C. with the goal of promoting economic development.

D. which aim at mitigating air quality and enhancing pollution.

Question 3.

A. Should governments introduce new policies to enhance citizen welfare

B. While companies are striving to improve their practices

C. Without collective responsibility and individual accountability

D. Because the majority of actions are challenging to implement

Question 4.

A. Since rising temperatures are unavoidable, people should not adapt.

B. However, numerous experts believe that solutions can not be found.

C. Although actions can vary, the outcomes frequently exhibit similar patterns.

D. With the escalation of global temperatures, public health risks have become an increasing concern.

Question 5.

A. Such educational initiatives are instrumental in enhancing public awareness and fostering environmental responsibility.

B. Consequently, coordinated international efforts are essential to achieving effective outcomes.

C. Accordingly, active community engagement plays a pivotal role in mitigating the impacts of climate change.

D. Consequently, individuals alone can address climate issues effectively.

Read the following passage about the urban shift and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 6 to 15.

[I] Violent online content is now “unavoidable” for children in the UK. [II] Research from the media watchdog has found that many kids first exposed to it when they are still in primary school. [III] They included videos of local school and street fights shared in group chats, as well as extreme graphic violence with gang- related content. [IV]

Children were aware that even more extreme material was available in the deeper recesses of the web, but had not sought it out themselves, the report concluded. The findings prompted the NSPCC to accuse tech platforms of sitting back and “ignoring their duty of care to young users.” Rani Govender, a senior policy officer for child safety online, said: “It is deeply concerning that children are telling us that being unintentionally exposed to violent content has become a normal part of their online lives. It is unacceptable that algorithms are continuing to push out harmful content that we know can have pernicious mental and emotional consequences for young people.”

The research, conducted by the Family, Kids and Youth agency, was part of Ofcom’s preparation for its new responsibilities under the Online Safety Act, passed last year, which handed the regulator the power to crack down on social networks that are failing to protect their users, particularly children.

Gill Whitehead, Ofcom’s online safety group director, said: “Children should not feel that seriously harmful content is an unavoidable part of their lives online. Today's research sends a powerful message to tech firms that now is the time to act so they are ready to meet their child protection duties under new online safety laws. Later this spring, we will consult on how we expect the industry to make sure that children can enjoy an age-appropriate, safer online experience.”

Almost every leading tech firm was among those named by the children and young people interviewed by Ofcom, but Snapchat and Meta’s apps Instagram and WhatsApp came up most frequently.

Question 6. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

A. Children have chosen to ignore the existence of violent content online.

B. There’s a growing concern about the impact of online violence on children’s mental and emotional well-being.

C. Tech platforms are fully compliant with the Online Safety Act and effectively protect children.

D. The prevalence of violent online content is largely due to children actively seeking it out.

Question 7. The word “pernicious” in paragraph 2 is OPPOSITE in meaning to ____________.

A. unharzardous
B. fascinating
C. supportive
D. extensive

Question 8. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A. All children in the UK actively seek out violent content online for entertainment.

B. Tech platforms have successfully eliminated harmful content from children’s online experiences.

C. Every British child interviewed for the Ofcom study reported having watched violent materials online.

D. The NSPCC believes that children are unaffected by violent content on the internet.

Question 9. Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 4?

A. It is essential for children to believe that harmful online content is a natural aspect of their digital experience.

B. Children should embrace the idea that harmful content is a regular part of their online interactions.

C. Children must not consider exposure to seriously harmful content as something they cannot escape online.

D. It is important for children to accept that encountering harmful content online is inevitable.

Question 10. Where in paragraph 1 does the following sentence best fit?

Every British child interviewed for the Ofcom study had watched violent materials on the internet.

A. [I]
B. [II]
C. [III]
D. [IV]

Question 11. Which of the following best summarises paragraph 2?

A. The NSPCC believes that children are too sheltered from online dangers and should explore more.

B. Tech platforms are failing to protect children from harmful online content, leading to unintentional exposure to violence.

C. Rani Govender supports the idea that algorithms are beneficial for children’s online experiences.

D. Children actively seek out extreme content online and are not affected by intentional exposure to violence.

Question 12. Which of the following best summarises the passage?

A. The NSPCC believes that children are overreacting to online violence and that tech platforms are doing enough to protect them.

B. The Online Safety Act has had no impact on the availability of harmful content for children in the UK.

C. Research shows that exposure to violent online content is prevalent among UK children, prompting calls for tech companies to enhance their duty of care under new safety regulations.

D. Children in the UK are actively seeking out violent content online and find it entertaining.

Question 13. The word “it” in paragraph 1 refers to ____________.

A. the media
B. primary school
C. research
D. violent online content

Question 14. The word “available” in paragraph 2 could be best replaced by ____________.

A. existing
B. durable
C. exciting
D. curable

Question 15. According to paragraph 2, which of the following is NOT a reason for children’s exposure to

violence?

A. Tech platforms neglecting their safety.
B. Algorithms pushing harmful content.

C. Active seeking of extreme material.
D. Unintentional exposure to violent content.

Read the following article and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 16 to 21.

Vietnam’s fast economic growth has shown that making changes to the economy and having steady government policies can bring big positive results. Analysts emphasise that Vietnam’s success, from reducing poverty to global integration, underscores the power of stable system. The country’s (16)          domestic product expanded nearly sixtyfold since the Đổi mới reforms, accompanied by significant social improvements. Poverty has declined to below three per cent, and infrastructure modernisation has helped the country become more competitive in its region. (17) ____________ of the factors contributing to this surge are closely linked with Vietnam’s practical foreign relations and strong domestic policy.

In 2024 alone, Vietnam has attracted international recognition for its steady growth, (18) ____________ among the fastest-expanding economies worldwide. It has been sustained through a balance of market liberalisation and state intervention, supported by infrastructure investment. Development projects, (19) ____________ integrate transportation corridors with cross-border trade, have accelerated regional cooperation.

Observers note that Vietnam’s story is not only about economics; it also shows how united and flexible its society is. Its (20) ____________ transformation from a war-torn country to an influential middle power shows its resilience. International forums, in which Vietnam has assumed leadership roles, have further (21) ____________ its position in global diplomacy.

(Adapted from Viet Nam News, “Vietnam’s economic growth inspires other ASEAN members: Indonesian

scholar.”)

Question 16.
A. sum
B. full
C. gross
D. total

Question 17.
A. Several
B. Much
C. Every
D. Each

Question 18.
A. has ranked
B. having ranked
C. ranking
D. ranked

Question 19.
A. where
B. when
C. that
D. which

Question 20.
A. gradual
B. vague
C. ambitious
D. dramatic

Question 21.
A. brought up
B. taken up
C. gone up
D. stepped up

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions from 22 to 29.

One way of finding your future occupation in Germany is by pursuing a dual vocational training programme. Such programmes offer plenty of opportunities for on-the-job training and work experience. Programmes usually last between two and three and a half years and comprise theoretical as well as practical elements. You will spend one or two days a week, or several weeks at once, at a vocational school where you will acquire the theoretical knowledge that you will need in your future occupation.

The rest of the time will be spent at a company. There you get to apply your newly acquired knowledge in practice, for example, by learning to operate machinery. You will get to know what your company does, learn how it operates, and find out if you can see yourself working there after completing your training.

This combination of theory and practice gives you a real head start into your job. By the time you have completed your training, you will not only have the required technical knowledge, but you will also have hands-on experience in your job. There are around 350 officially recognised training programmes in Germany, so chances are good that one of them will suit your interests and talents. You can find out which one that might be by visiting one of the jobs and vocational training fairs, which are organised in many German cities at different times in the year.

Employment prospects for students who have completed a dual vocational training programme are very good. This is one of the reasons why this kind of training is very popular with young Germans. Around two- thirds of all students leaving school go on to start a vocational training programme.

Question 22. In which paragraph does the writer show the number of high school leavers attending a dual vocational training program in Germany?

A. Paragraph 3
B. Paragraph 1
C. Paragraph 4
D. Paragraph 2

Question 23. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A. Opportunities and Prospects in Germany

B. Higher Education curriculum in Germany

C. Dual Vocational Training System in Germany

D. Differences between theory and practice in Germany

Question 24. The word “occupation” in the first paragraph could be best replaced by ____________.

A. job
B. experience
C. life
D. chance

Question 25. The word “it” in paragraph 2 refers to ____________.

A. machinery
B. knowledge
C. practice
D. company

Question 26. In which paragraph does the writer mention a technical knowledge requirement?

A. Paragraph 1
B. Paragraph 4
C. Paragraph 3
D. Paragraph 2

Question 27. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT mentioned as purposes of dual vocational training programmes?

A. theoretical knowledge
B. technical knowledge

C. interpersonal communication skill
D. practical working experience

Question 28. The word “hands-on” in paragraph 3 is OPPOSITE in meaning to ____________.

A. practical
B. theoretical
C. technical
D. experimental

Question 29. Which of the following statements best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 4?

A. Graduates of dual vocational training programmes have few challenges in finding employment.

B. Job opportunities for those who took a dual vocational training are enormous.

C. School leavers find it easy to get jobs while they possess a dual vocational qualification.

D. Students completing a dual vocational programme may face difficulties in finding jobs.

Read the following article and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 30 to 35.

Sustainable Architecture in Arid Climates

(30) ____________ architects are redefining urban landscapes by integrating ancient wisdom with modern technology to combat desertification. These pioneers (31) ____________ passive cooling techniques, drastically reducing energy consumption in hot and dry environments. A body of research confirms that such designs can lower indoor temperatures (32) ____________ 10–15°C.

When using local building materials like adobe and rammed earth, architects prioritize keeping heat inside the walls and using natural cooling. These (33) ____________ sustainable solutions outperform conventional alternatives. (34) ____________, designers can include local cultural heritage while implementing these innovations.

         (35) ____________ people remain skeptical, but real evidence proves the effectiveness of bioclimatic architecture. As climate change becomes more serious, these strategies will become indispensable.

Question 30.
A. Innovation
B. Innovatively
C. Innovate
D. Innovative

Question 31.
A. come into effect
B. take into consideration

C. raise a question
D. put into practice

Question 32.
A. to
B. by
C. with
D. for

Question 33.
A. ancient remarkably effective
B. effective ancient remarkably

C. remarkably ancient effective
D. remarkably effective ancient

Question 34.
A. Moreover
B. Besides
C. Thus
D. However

Question 35.
A. Little
B. Few
C. A few
D. A little