Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best arrangement of utterances or sentences...

Read the following advertisement and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 6.

Join EcoMediators—Building Bridges for a Plastic-Free Future!

⮚        Are you worried about plastic pollution? (1)_________ of the world's oceans are now filled with plastic waste, threatening our planet's future. EcoMediators is a new (2)_________ that brings together environmental experts and negotiators from around the world.

⮚        We are looking for professionals (3)_________ understand both environmental science and international diplomacy. Our team acts as an honest (4)_________ between opposing countries, helping them find common ground in plastic treaty negotiations.

⮚        Join the experts (5)_________ tirelessly to save our oceans—they need your support today! Together, we can (6)_________ the current deadlock and create real solutions for plastic pollution.

❖        Apply now at www.ecomediators.org

❖        Make a difference. Be the change.

https://cen.acs.org/al

Question 1:A. Some
B.  Many
C.  Most
D.  Each

Question 2:A. organizer
B.  organization
C.  organizationally
D.  organizational

Question 3:A. which
B.  whom
C.  whose
D.  who

Question 4:A. broker
B.  dealer
C.  advocate
D.  partner

Question 5:A. which worked
B.  worked
C.  working
D.  had worked

Question 6:A. break down
B.  work through
C.  push through
D.  break through

Read of the following leaflet and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 7 to 12.

PROTECT OUR COMMUNITIES FROM AI DATA CENTERS!

Stand Together Against Environmental Injustice

⮚        Tech giants are profiting (7)_________ the backs of vulnerable communities. These (8)_________ consume enormous amounts of water and electricity every day.

⮚        (9)_________ do these centers pollute our air, but they also take precious water from our communities. There is (10)_________ resistance from Black, Latino, and Indigenous families who are fighting back.

⮚        While some neighborhoods suffer from pollution, (11)_________ enjoy clean air and safe water—this is not fair! Our communities face serious environmental justice (12)_________ from these technology projects.

❖        JOIN US!

✔        Community Meeting: Every Tuesday, 7 PM

❖        Contact: SaveOurNeighborhoods@email.com

❖        Phone: 555-0123

❖        Together we are stronger!

https://www.axios.com/al

Question 7:A. for
B.  on
C.  with
D.  to

Question 8:A. huge computer facilities
B.  computer huge facilities

C.  facilities computer huge
D.  huge facilities computer

Question 9:A. Not just
B.  Neither
C.  Hardly
D.  Not only

Question 10:A. rising
B.  building
C.  mounting
D.  raising

Question 11:A. others
B.  another
C.  other
D.  the others

Question 12:A. concerns
B.  issues
C.  threats
D.  impacts

Read the following passage about Urban Heat Islands: A Growing Crisis and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22.

Cities around the world become much hotter than countryside areas, which creates serious health problems and makes social differences worse. The urban heat island effect happens when city centers experience higher temperatures than nearby rural areas because concrete buildings absorb heat from the sun. (18)_________, they could prevent many heat-related health problems each year. Streets, buildings, and parking areas collect heat energy during the day, then release it slowly at night, keeping cities warm constantly. Studies show that poorer communities suffer more from extreme heat than wealthy ones. Poor neighborhoods, (19)_________, can be up to 15°F hotter in summer. Residents cannot buy air conditioners; furthermore, they often work outside in the heat. These vulnerable people frequently lack cars to reach cooling centers or hospitals when heat emergencies happen.

(20)_________. Hospitals report more patients with dehydration, heat stroke, and heart problems when temperatures rise above 95°F. City leaders must focus on fair solutions; (21)_________. Solutions require major investment in natural cooling methods and better city planning. Green roofs, light-colored pavements, and more trees can reduce surface temperatures significantly. Governments should help poor families pay energy bills while creating complete heat emergency plans. (22)_________, what remains essential is community participation in finding local problems and developing appropriate solutions.

https://seas.umich.edu/al

Question 18:

A.  Having built more parks and green spaces immediately

B.  If cities were to build more parks and green spaces immediately

C.  Which cities should build more parks and green spaces immediately

D.  Whose residents would benefit from more parks and green spaces immediately

Question 19:

A.  usually have fewer trees and green areas than rich districts do

B.  which, unlike rich districts, have invested heavily in tree planting in recent years

C.  which usually have fewer trees and green areas than rich districts

D.  are usually located near large parks and green belts in the city

Question 20:

A.  Elderly people, especially those living alone, face greater danger during heat waves

B.  Elderly people who stay physically active are less likely to suffer serious heat-related illness

C.  People with chronic conditions face greater danger during heat waves, even with access to cooling

D.  Elderly people, especially those living alone, face greater danger during cold snaps

Question 21:

A.  meanwhile, current inequalities will become worse and divide communities even more deeply

B.  however, current inequalities will become worse and divide communities even more deeply

C.  therefore, current inequalities will become worse and divide communities even more deeply

D.  otherwise, current inequalities will become worse and divide communities even more deeply

Question 22:

A.  To protect all residents from increasingly dangerous heat conditions

B.  For protecting all residents from increasingly dangerous heat conditions

C.  For protecting all residents against increasingly dangerous heat conditions

D.  For protection all residents from increasingly dangerous heat conditions

Read the following passage about SEAWEED SUPPLEMENT REDUCES CATTLE METHANE EMISSIONS and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

Scientists from the University of California, Davis, have discovered a promising solution to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from livestock farming. Their important research involved feeding beef cattle a specially formulated pellet containing red seaweed, specifically Asparagopsis. This innovative approach successfully decreased methane production by nearly 40 percent. Remarkably, the supplement caused no harmful effects on the animals' well-being, development rate, or the quality of beef produced. This achievement represents a significant step forward in sustainable agriculture.

The experimental trial took place at a Montana ranch, where researchers monitored 24 steers throughout the winter season. They added small quantities of the marine plant into mineral pellets, which the cattle consumed voluntarily during their regular supplementation period. The treated animals demonstrated much lower methane output compared to the control group, while simultaneously maintaining healthy weight gain and normal behavioral patterns. This marked the first successful use of seaweed-based additives in free-ranging, pasture-fed livestock.

Livestock add significantly to global methane emissions, making this discovery particularly valuable for environmental conservation efforts. Methane ranks among the most powerful greenhouse gases, speeding up climate change. Therefore, incorporating seaweed supplements into cattle diets could become an essential component of eco-friendly farming practices. However, widespread adoption depends heavily on achieving cost-effective, large-scale production that remains economically affordable for ranch operators worldwide.

Despite these positive findings, several problems must be overcome before universal application becomes possible. Primary challenges include establishing large seaweed cultivation facilities capable of meeting global demand. Additionally, regulatory authorities must approve these supplements for commercial agricultural use. Finally, practical integration strategies need development to ensure these additives work well with diverse grazing systems across different geographical regions and climatic conditions, making this innovation accessible to farmers everywhere.

https://www.ucdavis.edu/al

Question 23: All of the following are mentioned as challenges EXCEPT _________.

A.  Training programs for ranchers and farmers

B.  Large-scale seaweed cultivation facilities

C.  Regulatory approval from authorities

D.  Integration with diverse grazing systems

Question 24: The word “Their” in paragraph 1 refers to _________.

A.  Beef cattle

B.  Livestock farmers

C.  Scientists from the University of California, Davis

D.  Ranch operators

Question 25: The word “additives” in paragraph 2 is OPPOSITE in meaning to _________.

A.  supplements                                B. ingredients                                C. compounds                                D. essentials

Question 26: The word “ranch” in paragraph 3 could be best replaced by _________.

A.  factory                                        B. farm                                                C. market                                        D. organization

Question 27: Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 4?

A.  Furthermore, official government agencies need to authorize these supplements for commercial farming purposes.

B.  Moreover, agricultural producers must obtain certification from authorities before manufacturing these supplements commercially.

C.  Besides, commercial farming organizations should evaluate these supplements before receiving governmental authorization.

D.  Furthermore, regulatory bodies need to certify the agricultural facilities before commercial supplement production.

Question 28: Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A.  The seaweed supplement research was initially conducted on dairy cattle in California facilities.

B.  The treated cattle showed reduced methane emissions but experienced slower weight gain than others.

C.  Regulatory authorities have already approved seaweed supplements for widespread commercial farming applications globally.

D.  The Montana trial successfully demonstrated methane reduction in cattle without compromising their health or growth.

Question 29: In which paragraph does the writer mention why this discovery is particularly important?

A.  Paragraph 1                                B. Paragraph 2                                C. Paragraph 3                                D. Paragraph 4

Question 30: In which paragraph does the writer suggest future application?

A.  Paragraph 2                                B. Paragraph 4                                C. Paragraph 1                                D. Paragraph 3

Read the following passage about the GENE-EDITED CROPS: EU'S REGULATORY SHIFT and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

The European Union has recently reached an initial agreement to relax regulations governing gene-edited crops, representing the first significant relaxation of biotechnology rules in two decades. This decision opens a can of worms regarding agricultural innovation versus consumer safety concerns. Under this proposed framework, plants modified using new genomic techniques that contain no foreign DNA will undergo less regulatory oversight than traditional genetically modified organisms. [I] These products will appear on supermarket shelves without special GMO-style labels, though seed packaging will maintain tracking information for agricultural purposes.

However, the agreement distinguishes between simple genetic modifications and complex changes. [II] Crops engineered with complicated alterations, such as herbicide resistance or built-in pesticide production, will remain subject to the EU's strict GMO regulations. These types must complete full risk assessments and follow serious controls before receiving market authorization. Meanwhile, organic agriculture will maintain its complete ban against any gene-edited types, preserving traditional farming methods.

Agricultural organizations and biotechnology firms have welcomed this regulatory shift, arguing it will speed up the development of climate-resistant, disease-fighting types. European farmers currently face growing challenges from climate change alongside tightening restrictions on chemical fertilizers and pesticides. [III] However, environmental protection groups and consumer organizations have criticized the decision as dangerous deregulation. They argue that removing routine safety checks and package labels weakens transparency while favoring large biotechnology corporations.

The agreement remains temporary, requiring formal approval from EU member governments and Parliament before use. Both supporters and opponents are preparing for a strong political fight over the final details. This debate reflects broader tensions between technological progress and careful principles in food production, highlighting different views on balancing agricultural innovation with consumer rights and environmental protection across Europe. [IV]

https://www.ft.com/al

Question 31: The phrase “a can of worms” in paragraph 1 has the closest meaning to _________.

A.  stir up                                        B. clear up                                         C. wrap up                                         D. figure out

Question 32: According to the passage, all of the following are mentioned EXCEPT _________.

A.  The position of environmental protection groups regarding the new regulations

B.  The requirements for organic farming practices under the agreement

C.  The challenges that European farmers are currently facing

D.  The exact date when the new regulations will come into effect

Question 33: The word “its” in paragraph 2 refers to _________.

A.  The EU's strict GMO regulations

B.  Gene-edited types

C.  Organic agriculture

D.  Traditional farming methods

Question 34: Which of the following best summarises paragraph 3?

A.  Agricultural groups support the changes for climate benefits, with minor transparency concerns from consumers.

B.  Agricultural and biotech sectors support the regulations, while environmental and consumer groups oppose them.

C.  Farmers and environmentalists agree on climate benefits but disagree on corporate safety control.

D.  Biotech firms support reduced oversight, but agricultural organizations criticize insufficient safety requirements.

Question 35: Where in the paragraph does the following sentence best fit?

This approach enables faster approval processes for crops that theoretically could result from conventional breeding.

A. [I]
B. [II]
C. [III]
D. [IV]

Question 36: The word “deregulation” in paragraph 3 is OPPOSITE in meaning to _________.

A.  innovation                                B. transparency                                C. supervision                                D. authorization

Question 37: Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 4?

A.  The two sides are negotiating compromises to avoid prolonged disputes about specific regulations.

B.  Advocates and critics are gathering scientific evidence to support their respective political positions.

C.  Proponents and protesters are mobilizing public opinion campaigns regarding the technical implementation procedures.

D.  The two opposing groups are getting ready for an intense political battle about specifics.

Question 38: Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A.  Gene-edited products will require special labels similar to traditional GMO products in supermarkets.

B.  Organic farming will continue to prohibit all types of gene-edited crops without exception.

C.  Environmental groups support the new regulations for promoting sustainable agricultural innovation across Europe.

D.  Complex genetic modifications will receive the same regulatory treatment as simple genetic changes.

Question 39: Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

A.  The final agreement will definitely pass without significant modifications from the current proposal.

B.  All European farmers uniformly support the relaxation of gene-editing regulations for crop development.

C.  The EU has historically maintained strict control over genetically modified agricultural products and technologies.

D.  Consumer organizations believe that gene-edited crops will improve food transparency and safety standards.

Question 40: Which of the following best summarises the passage?

A.  The EU's provisional relaxation of gene-editing regulations creates divisions between agricultural innovation supporters and consumer safety advocates awaiting final approval.

B.  European farmers unanimously support new biotechnology regulations that eliminate all restrictions on genetically modified crops for addressing climate change challenges.

C.  The EU Parliament has permanently approved comprehensive deregulation allowing all gene-edited crops to enter markets without any safety assessments.

D.  Environmental organizations and biotechnology companies have reached consensus on implementing new genetic modification standards for European agricultural products.