Read the following text and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best...

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the questions from 1 to 8.

        When global scientists integrate regional climate networks into a unified "Earth observatory", they employ advanced systems to make environmental shifts significantly easier to understand for modern researchers. Orbital satellites, ocean buoys, and atmospheric sensors create a continuous, shared overview of carbon emissions, sea-level fluctuations, and ice cap melting. Because researchers connect to the same network, environmental agencies can formulate better mitigation strategies, determine when to issue extreme weather warnings, and monitor global temperature shifts in real time. What once relied on periodic inspections is now guided by instantaneous data.

        With adaptive coastal infrastructure, low-lying cities can precisely chart their flood risks and establish tailored defense profiles. Motorized sea gates rise automatically to minimize storm surges, smart drainage systems adjust water flow based on tide levels, and warning sirens broadcast alerts only where sensors indicate an immediate threat. Because protection is directed exactly where it is demanded, overall public safety improves while infrastructure damage drops. Studies routinely highlight substantial reductions in disaster recovery costs and economic disruptions.

        Energy transition is equally rigorous in these climate-conscious regions. Specialized monitors measure renewable grid capacities every minute, and predictive algorithms anticipate heavy storms or dry spells with exceptional precision. Automated distributors channel exact power volumes to vulnerable districts and halt when grid overload is imminent, alleviating the threat of localized blackouts and economic ruin. The outcome is a more reliable energy reserve during extreme heatwaves and a greener habitat for all populations.

        The drive toward enduring climate resilience is similarly data-driven and proactive. Centralized servers log daily carbon offsets and greenhouse gas quantities the instant they fluctuate. Diagnostic software examines the archives to pinpoint inefficiencies in the transition and recommend enhanced mitigation protocols for the upcoming years to policymaking boards, ensuring ongoing optimization. This makes contemporary climate action both highly effective and scientifically sound.

(Adapted from reports on climate resilience and global adaptation, 2024–2025)

Question 1. The word “instantaneous” in paragraph 1 mostly means ____________.

A. periodic
B. delayed
C. continuous
D. immediate

Question 2. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in paragraph 1 as information displayed by advanced systems?

A. the release of carbon emissions
B. the fluctuation of global sea levels

C. the continuous movement of tectonic plates
D. the ongoing melting of polar ice caps

Question 3. The word “their” in paragraph 2 refers to ____________.

A. emergency warning sirens
B. adaptive drainage networks

C. low-lying cities
D. automated sea barriers

Question 4. Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 2?

A. As protection systems are extended across wider coastal areas, urban safety rises while emergency spending becomes easier to manage.

B. As coastal defenses become more frequent and expansive, infrastructure damage falls mainly because less water reaches urban regions.

C. As protective measures reach the most vulnerable locations, public safety rises even though structural damage may increase overall.

D. As protective systems are directed only to threatened zones, public safety rises while infrastructure losses decline.

Question 5. The word “imminent” in paragraph 3 is OPPOSITE in meaning to ____________.

A. immediate
B. distant
C. impending
D. approaching

Question 6. Which of the following is TRUE according to paragraph 4?

A. Policymaking boards examine archived transition records before diagnostic software identifies operational weaknesses.

B. Centralized servers store environmental changes only after policymaking boards request updated climate reports.

C. Continuous monitoring ensures that modern climate action no longer contains inefficiencies requiring further correction.

D. Diagnostic software utilizes stored data to identify system inefficiencies and propose improved climate mitigation protocols.

Question 7. Which paragraph mentions the use of predictive technology and automated distributors to manage power grids and prevent blackouts?

A. Paragraph 2
B. Paragraph 4
C. Paragraph 1
D. Paragraph 3

Question 8. Which paragraph describes coastal infrastructure adjusting its operation automatically in response to storm surges or tide levels?

A. Paragraph 2
B. Paragraph 1
C. Paragraph 3
D. Paragraph 4

Read the following leaflet and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 15 to 20.

Preserving Kim Lien: A Heritage Guide for Visitors

Visiting the Kim Lien Special National Relic Site offers a profound connection to our country's history, but preserving this sacred heritage requires collective responsibility. Currently, the booming tourism sector often prioritizes rapid commercial expansion over sustainable management. (15) ____________, unregulated mass tourism can quickly degrade traditional structures, increase litter levels, and result (16) ____________ long-term cultural erosion. To stay conscious of heritage protection, visitors should remember to:

• Minimize physical contact with artifacts and practice mindful tourism (17) ____________ day.

• Develop a (18) ____________ through consistent, careful adherence to site regulations.

• Stay behind designated barriers to avoid (19) ____________ damage during the exploration of President Ho Chi Minh's childhood homes.

• Make consistent, informed choices to support local lotus farmers, heritage security, and future preservation goals.

By applying these principles regularly, travelers can keep this revered national monument in pristine (20) ____________ throughout the decades and beyond. This will also strengthen local pride, educational focus, and overall long-term cultural stability significantly.

(Adapted from Kim Lien Relic Site official website, Khu di tích Kim Liên – Quê hương Chủ tịch Hồ Chí Minh; and Viet Nam National Authority of Tourism, Kim Lien Relic Site.)

Question 15.
A. ConsequentlyB. For example
C. However
D. In addition

Question 16.
A. from
B. in
C. to
D. on

Question 17.
A. another
B. whole
C. each
D. all

Question 18.
A. model practice preservation.
B. practice preservation model

C. preservation practice model.
D. model preservation practice

Question 19.
A. extreme
B. plentiful
C. serious
D. acute

Question 20.
A. state
B. appearance
C. situation
D. condition

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best arrangement of utterances or sentences to make a meaningful exchange or text in each of the following questions from 21 to 25.

Question 21.

A.  Tom: Thank you very much for your detailed instructions!

B.  Sarah: Well, just go straight down this hallway, walk past the science lab, and it’s the second door on your right.

C.  Tom: Excuse me, could you show me the way to the career counseling office?

A. a – b – c
B. c – b – a
C. a – c – b
D. c – a – b

Question 22.

A. This occasion, as a result, has made me more confident in public speaking and helped me understand what the saying “practice makes perfect” practically means.

B. It had, in fact, never occurred to me that preparing for a debate would be so intellectually demanding.

C. I had to do extensive research, anticipate opponents’ arguments and practice my speeches late into the night.

D. Having hands-on experience in the national debate tournament for a month really exhausted me, but at the same time made me more appreciative of the art of argumentation.

e. The preparation was such hard work that it made me feel stressed all the time and even lose my voice once.

A. d – b – c – e – a
B. d – e – b – a – c
C. e – a – d – c – b
D. e – c – a – b – d

Question 23.

A.  Jane: I try to study in short bursts and take breaks to listen to music. How about you?

B.  Jane: That sounds great! I think balancing study and relaxation is the key to avoiding burnout.

C.  Mark: I usually go for a short walk in the park, and I make sure to get enough sleep every night.

D.  Mark: You always look so energetic despite our upcoming exams. What do you do to manage the stress?

e. Mark: Absolutely! Maintaining our mental health is essential for a productive senior year.

A. c – b – e – a – d
B. e – a – d – b – c
C. c – a – d – b – e
D. d – a – c – b – e

Question 24.

Dear Applicant,

A. In case you have not received your new login credentials, contact our IT Support Team at 1900-8888.

B. This will automatically sync your previous data, which can then be safely reviewed before final submission.

C. Your current draft application on the old system expires on May 15th, whether the new account is activated or not.

D. Should you have received the activation email, please log in to verify your profile instantly.

e. We would like to inform you that due to a system upgrade, the online portal for submitting your university application has migrated to a new platform.

Yours sincerely,

University Admissions Office

A. e – a – b – d – c
B. c – e – d – a – b
C. e – d – b – c – a
D. c – e – a – b – d

Question 25.

A. Greenleaf High School has now become a more dynamic and modern educational institution, offering better learning experiences for all students.

B. These vital improvements have notably boosted students' academic performance, fostering independent research and attracting more students to the library.

C. To accommodate this demand, the school administration has replaced the outdated bookshelves with digital learning hubs and expanded study spaces.

D. Recognising the increasing need for technology, the board has had the campus Wi-Fi upgraded and smart boards installed to optimise interactive learning.

e. Over the past few years, Greenleaf High has undergone a considerable transformation, experiencing an upsurge in student enrollment and an overload on existing facilities.

A. e – c – d – b – a
B. a – b – d – e – c
C. e – d – c – a – b
D. a – d – b – c – e

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 26 to 30.

        Gen Z's integration into the workforce has increasingly aimed to redefine traditional employment structures and enhance work-life balance. During the post-pandemic era, this generation advocated strongly for remote and hybrid work models, (26) ____________. From 2022 to early 2026, they also normalized discussions around mental health and setting strict professional boundaries. These cultural shifts have facilitated healthier work environments and fostered more transparent corporate communications. More flexible working conditions can reduce employee burnout, lower commuting-related stress, and make professional roles highly adaptable, ((27) ____________. Yet, structural changes alone cannot guarantee a truly fulfilling career trajectory. Young professionals also need to ensure financial stability, strengthen skill development, and support their long-term goals. Recent trends have therefore prioritized side hustles, freelance opportunities, and financial literacy, (28) ____________. In this context, career diversification is not merely a financial safety net. It can accelerate personal growth and broaden professional networks, but some employers remain hesitant about accommodating completely non-traditional career paths. (29) ____________. There is evidence that this reluctance may stem partly from a lack of management adaptability and partly from anxieties regarding team cohesion and productivity. Even so, flexible employment frameworks are likely to remain indispensable, (30) ____________. This is especially true in industries striving to attract top young talent through modern organizational solutions.

(Adapted from reports on Gen Z workforce trends, 2024–2026)

Question 26.

A. a profound workplace transformation that has yielded clear benefits while highlighting the complexity of future management

B. a substantial cultural adjustment that has widened employee choice while increasing pressure on existing management systems

C. a notable organizational shift that has expanded worker autonomy while intensifying debates over long-term career stability

D. a visible employment transition that has improved daily flexibility while exposing persistent tensions in workplace coordination

Question 27.

A. which is why many young workers now associate career progress more closely with autonomy than with office visibility

B. which helps explain why hybrid arrangements are often discussed alongside autonomy, balance, and professional independence

C. which means modern workplaces are increasingly assessed through broader expectations of well-being and role flexibility

D. which is why many young employees view work flexibility as the most tangible indicator of corporate modernization

Question 28.

A. since independent work and stronger upskilling habits can encourage broader exploration of non-linear professional identities

B. because multiple income options and practical budgeting skills increasingly reflect shifting attitudes toward independent work

C. since diverse income streams and better financial awareness can empower young adults to navigate economic uncertainties

D. as freelance pathways and side ventures can widen access to experience while reducing dependence on single-career progression

Question 29.

A. Organizational trust issues therefore also affect how far unconventional career paths are discussed and accepted

B. Leadership coordination concerns therefore also determine how successfully flexible career structures are implemented over time

C. Managerial trust issues therefore also shape the extent to which new work arrangements are adopted and utilized.

D. Operational adjustment concerns therefore also influence how quickly alternative work patterns are introduced and supervised

Question 30.

A. particularly when adaptive leadership structures help companies coordinate talent across changing organizational demands

B. particularly when modern workplace policies reflect broader expectations of balance, mobility, and digital collaboration

C. particularly when flexible systems create more room for autonomy, experimentation, and individualized career development

D. particularly when clear communication protocols and robust trust reassure employers of their reliability and productivity

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

        Contemporary commerce is standing at the epicenter of a profound technological gold rush, driven by the rapid commercialisation of Artificial Intelligence (AI). Utilizing sophisticated language models and neural networks, these cutting-edge systems can seamlessly process vast datasets into actionable insights with astonishing precision. While initially restricted to the rigorous environments of advanced computer science for solving complex logistical problems, the advent of accessible cloud computing has recently democratised access to this transformative technology. [I]

        The fundamental mechanics enabling this corporate deception, known as "AI washing," rely on strategic marketing rather than actual machine learning. Within this deceptive architecture, companies capture popular tech buzzwords, while superficial rules-based software attempts to masquerade as genuine AI. [II] Through continuous rebranding, marketing departments refine their promotional materials, learning to disguise traditional software so effectively that it frequently fools investors before thorough technical auditing occurs. Although genuine software engineers and tech advocates continue to highlight the authentic potential of AI, the commercial exploitation via AI washing remains profoundly alarming. [III]

        The economic ramifications of deceptive tech marketing extend far beyond mere consumer disappointment. Corporate landscapes have already witnessed pilot investment programs deployed by aggressive venture capitalists utilizing automated screening tools to heavily fund these superficial tech startups, penalizing genuine innovators. Furthermore, within the unregulated software industry, AI washing threatens to destabilize our most critical markets by harvesting unearned capital through exaggerated technical capabilities. Fraudulent corporations could potentially exploit these ambiguous regulatory environments to extract massive financial investments directly from an uninformed public, thereby undermining the fundamental concept of market integrity. [IV]

        Addressing this imminent corporate epidemic necessitates a comprehensively multifaceted strategy. Regulators are struggling to formulate statutory frameworks defining "true AI," though the intangible nature of algorithmic decision-making often complicates legal definitions. Concurrently, independent auditing firms are irrevocably engaged in a perpetual game of catch-up, urgently engineering specialized diagnostic tools to separate authentic neural networks from deceptive code. However, as marketing deception technology evolves, so too do its elusive capabilities. Fundamentally, fostering critical tech-literacy among the public—educating individuals to scrutinize corporate software claims—remains our most formidable defence against algorithmic exploitation.

(Adapted from reports by Tech Integrity Foundation and AI market analyses, 2024–2025)

Question 31. According to paragraph 1, what has contributed to the widespread availability of AI tools?

A. The use of language models in complex commercial data-processing platforms

B. The demand for faster analysis in large-scale logistical planning systems

C. The spread of accessible cloud computing across wider commercial software markets

D. The expansion of technical research within advanced software development environments

Question 32. The phrase “masquerade as” in paragraph 2 mostly means ____________.

A. gradually develop into
B. falsely present itself as

C. deliberately conceal itself from
D. actively compete against

Question 33. Which of the following best summarises paragraph 3?

A. AI washing presents economic risks through misdirected funding, market instability, and financial exploitation.

B. AI washing distorts investor judgment, weakens market trust, and misdirects funding across software markets.

C. AI washing reshapes startup financing, influences public confidence, and affects competition across technology sectors.

D. AI washing increases speculative investment, reduces fair competition, and pressures genuine innovators in software markets.

Question 34. What challenge do regulators face in controlling Artificial Intelligence claims according to paragraph 4?

A. The challenge of monitoring software promotion across fragmented digital and financial markets

B. The burden of requiring auditors to verify technical claims before products enter circulation

C. The difficulty of defining algorithmic decision-making within existing statutory and legal frameworks

D. The speed of corporate rebranding across technology markets and investor-facing platforms

Question 35. The word “its” in paragraph 4 refers to ____________.

A. specialized diagnostic tools’
B. critical tech-literacy’s

C. marketing deception technology’s
D. the multifaceted strategy’s

Question 36. Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 4?

A. The strongest protection against tech abuse is requiring auditors to inspect every digital system publicly.

B. The strongest protection against tech abuse is preventing investors from funding heavily promoted software.

C. The strongest protection against tech abuse is equipping citizens to evaluate corporate software claims critically.

D. The strongest protection against tech abuse is persuading citizens to reject commercial AI products altogether.

Question 37. Which of the following can be inferred from the phrase "perpetual game of catch-up" in paragraph 4?

A. Advances in software auditing will likely allow regulators to overtake deceptive firms through legislation.

B. Advances in software auditing will likely be matched by equally sophisticated methods of marketing deception.

C. Advances in software auditing will likely discourage investors from supporting genuine AI applications.

D. Advances in software auditing will likely make current diagnostic tools sufficient to eliminate AI washing.

Question 38. Where in the passage does the following sentence best fit?

Consequently, what was once the exclusive domain of elite data scientists can now be built into products by ordinary app developers.

A. [III]
B. [II]
C. [IV]
D. [I]

Question 39. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in paragraph 3 as a consequence of AI washing?

A. Exploiting ambiguous regulatory environments to extract massive financial investments

B. Harvesting unearned capital through exaggerated technical capabilities

C. Utilizing automated screening tools to heavily fund superficial tech startups

D. Causing irreversible hardware damage to global cloud computing servers

Question 40. Which of the following best summarises the passage?

A. While AI offers real benefits, the main response should be tighter control of software promotion rather than legal definition.

B. While AI offers real benefits, its deceptive commercialization creates serious risks that require broad countermeasures.

C. While AI offers real benefits, concern about AI washing largely reflects public uncertainty about emerging technology.

D. While AI offers real benefits, its misuse in investment markets remains the central threat facing digital commerce today.