Read the following advertisement and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option...

Read of the following leaflet and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 7 to 12.

HEART OF THE ARCTIC: CONFRONTING SOLASTALGIA

❖        THE CHALLENGE

⮚        The Arctic region is currently undergoing (7)_________ rapid environmental transformation that demands an immediate global intervention from international climate policy makers. Protecting (8)_________ remains top priority among residents witnessing sudden sea-ice loss plus permafrost melting.

❖        THE IMPACT

⮚        This phenomenon triggers a sense of (9)_________ without ever leaving home, which significantly exacerbates communal tensions regarding overcrowded housing. (10)_________, unpredictable temperature fluctuations make traditional transportation via snowmobiles extremely hazardous to local inhabitants seeking food security.

❖        OUR RESILIENCE

⮚        In light (11)_________ drastic ecological degradation, northern populations are struggling while aiming at maintaining their unique cultural identity. By combating (12)_________ sadness, every community strives to integrate indigenous knowledge with modern research toward better survival strategies.

https://www.theguardian.com/g

Question 7:A. the
B.  an
C.  Ø (no article)
D.  a

Question 8:A. hunting grounds ancestral
B.  ancestral grounds hunting 

C.  ancestral hunting grounds
D.  grounds hunting ancestral 

Question 9:A. loneliness 
B.  isolation 
C.  homesickness 
D.  insecurity

Question 10:A. Nevertheless
B.  Consequently
C.  Furthermore
D.  Conversely

Question 11:A. of
B.  to
C.  with
D.  at

Question 12:A. chronic 
B.  inherited 
C.  profound 
D.  formless

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best arrangement of utterances or sentences to make a meaningful exchange or text in each of the following questions from 13 to 17.

Question 13:

A.         Alex: I love that; it means in nature, you don't have to be the best at everything, just the best at being yourself in your own perfect spot!

B.         Alex: I used to think all these birds were fighting for the same food, but they seem so peaceful together.

C.         Sam: That’s because each species has its own "ecological niche"-it’s like having a private office in a very busy building, so they don't get in each other's way.

A.  a-b-c
B.  c-b-a
C.  b-c-a        
D.  b-a-c

Question 14:

A.         Liam: I completely understand your frustration, so we should hire more bilingual coordinators who can bridge the cultural gap between the doctors and the community.

B.         Maria: Although our medical team brought plenty of essential supplies to the remote village, we struggled to explain the dosages because no one spoke the local dialect fluently.

C.         Liam: While we wait for additional staff to arrive, we can use simple picture cards to show the steps, and this will help everyone understand the process without needing a common language.

D.         Maria: That sounds like a brilliant and creative idea because it ensures that our humanitarian aid is actually effective for the people who need it most.

e.        Maria: If we do not solve this communication problem immediately, many families might misinterpret the safety instructions since the technical terms are very difficult to translate directly.

A.  e-d-a-b-c        
B.  b-a-e-c-d
C.  b-d-c-e-a
D.  c-e-b-a-d

Question 15:

Dear Sarah,

A.         If our administration coordinates effectively with the surrounding districts, we will build a more sustainable waste management network for the whole metropolitan region.

B.         I am writing this letter because managing our city's complex infrastructure has become a very difficult task for the local council lately.

C.         Since the board requires more accurate data, we are currently designing a digital system that connects all public utility services into one central platform.

D.         While I wait for your expert opinion on these new policies, please suggest a suitable time so that we can meet to discuss them soon.

e.        Although we have already implemented several smart technologies, the heavy congestion in the central business district remains a major challenge for all daily commuters.

Best regards,

G

A.  c-a-d-e-b
B.  b-e-c-a-d        
C.  a-b-e-c-d        
D.  e-a-c-b-d

Question 16:

A.         Although some experts believe that slang ruins formal language, it actually proves how creative and flexible human communication can truly be.

B.         Even though old slang words eventually disappear, the way we speak will always reflect the unique culture of our specific time.

C.         Many teenagers invent new words to express their specific feelings, and they often use these terms to communicate privately with their close peers.

D.         Slang is a powerful tool for every generation because it helps young people build a unique identity that separates them from older social groups.

e.        Modern social media platforms have changed everything, so new expressions can now spread across the whole globe in just a few seconds.

A.  a-c-e-d-b
B.  c-e-d-a-b        
C.  e-d-a-c-b        
D.  d-c-a-e-b

Question 17:

A.         Ecotourism certification is an essential tool for the modern travel industry because it helps conscious travelers identify businesses that truly prioritize environmental protection.

B.         Since these standards require very strict waste management, certified hotels often consume much less water and energy than traditional luxury resorts.

C.         These programs also encourage companies to hire local staff, so the profit from international tourism actually stays within the community to support schools.

D.         Although obtaining an official certificate can be a long and expensive process, it ensures that natural landscapes remain healthy for future generations.

e.        Many companies claim to be "green" for marketing purposes, but an official certificate provides the necessary proof of their sustainable practices to the public.

A.  a-e-b-c-d
B.  a-c-d-b-e
C.  a-d-e-b-c
D.  a-b-c-e-d

Read the following passage about A New Frontier in Global Justice and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22.

(18)_________, and this framework provides the International Criminal Court with a robust mechanism to litigate against egregious, unprecedented atrocities. Juridical experts, who formulated this groundbreaking draft, aimed to categorize large-scale destruction as a fifth universal crime alongside genocide and aggression. (19)_________, it is the assembly of states ratifying this statute. This non-anthropocentric paradigm shifts the focus away from purely human welfare; consequently, nature itself gains inherent judicial protection within the highest courts of justice. (20)_________, requiring that global consciousness transition from exploitation to stewardship to ensure planetary survival. Furthermore, by targeting catastrophic events like transboundary nuclear accidents or massive oil spills, the legislation avoids criminalizing everyday activities while effectively deterring systemic devastation. Such an initiative, (21)_________, underscores the imperative to protect ecosystems that are vulnerable to permanent degradation. Prominent figures, including Emmanuel Macron and the Pope, have expressed significant solidarity, signifying a growing momentum for nature-based justice. Ultimately, the implementation of these rigorous laws serves as a deterrent against wanton acts committed with the knowledge of a substantial likelihood of widespread ruin. As nations navigate the complexities of modern industry, (22)_________. By establishing clear boundaries for corporate conduct, the worldwide community demonstrates its unwavering commitment to protecting the common heritage of mankind against irreversible destruction or profound ecological imbalances.

https://www.theguardian.com/g

Question 18:

A.  Simplified digitalization boosts better security whereas many judges periodically discover irregularity

B.  The modernization of protocols represents the unprecedented achievement in technological digitalization

C.  The conceptualization of ecocide represents a transformative milestone in transcontinental jurisprudence

D.  This diversification of resources provides some additional advantage for intercontinental collaborations

Question 19:

A.  Whose reform could provide foreign statutes about natural ruins as the utmost focus

B.  Having then witnessed how judicial sanctions upon nature crimes are extremely urgent

C.  Which would make corporate prosecution for ecological damage a tangible reality

D.  If one thing would make corporate prosecution for ecological damage a tangible reality

Question 20:

A.  What the campaign seeks to achieve through these regulations is a profound shift

B.  What the campaign seeks to achieve through these regulations is a gradual adjustment

C.  That the campaign seeks a transformation through these regulations reflects a global necessity

D.  Whether the campaign achieves a profound shift through these regulations remains uncertain

Question 21:

A.  which was being championed over the past decade as advocates will like Polly Higgins

B.  where it was championed over the past decade by advocates like Polly Higgins

C.  which has been championed over the past decade before advocates like Polly Higgins

D.  which was championed over the past decade by advocates like Polly Higgins

Question 22:

A.  relying on non-binding international recommendations remains a practical approach to environmental governance

B.  adopting such official instruments remains indispensable for the preservation of Earth's biological integrity

C.  strengthening national compliance mechanisms ensures that most environmental violations are adequately addressed

D.  promoting cooperative frameworks may gradually reduce the likelihood of ecological disruption

Read the following passage about Cognitive Resilience and Social Connectivity and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

Epistemic trust serves as a primary conduit for acquiring cultural wisdom, defining the human capacity to accept socially conveyed data as inherently credible. Far from being passive vessels, infants utilize sophisticated epistemic vigilance - a cognitive mechanism designed for information filtration. By prioritizing familiar or competent informants, these young learners demonstrate selective reliance during pedagogical interactions. Secure attachment with caregivers initially unlocks this vital gateway, allowing individuals to navigate their surroundings with profound confidence.

Conversely, early life adversity often triggers a hyper-activated state of skepticism, manifesting as chronic mistrust. Such severe conditions frequently culminate in "Epistemic Petrification," where internal perspectives become entirely stagnant and resistant to external updates. This psychological inflexibility characterizes various complex pathologies, especially Borderline Personality Disorder, wherein patients struggle to benefit from cooperative exchanges. Consequently, the affected sufferer remains "frozen," unable to integrate benign social feedback into their fixed worldview.

Effective psychotherapy functions by strategically re-opening these blocked channels through the process of mentalization. When therapists accurately mirror a patient's internal states, this profound empathy acts as a powerful cue to diminish defensive alertness. Such softening facilitates salutogenesis, enabling victims of trauma to regain their lost aptitude for interpersonal learning. Ultimately, restoring it allows people to harness communal cooperation, significantly enhancing their long-term mental resilience and general well-being.

In summary, maintaining healthy epistemic fluidity remains a vital catalyst for successful social integration and psychological health. Our ability to thrive is inextricably linked to how we interpret and internalize collective knowledge within our broader community. Future academic investigations should emphasize the developmental transitions occurring throughout adolescence while designing targeted interventions for dissolving persistent cognitive barriers. By facilitating such recovery, society can empower vulnerable youths to participate fully in the shared labor of human progress.

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/g

Question 23: According to the passage, children are likely to trust an informant based on all the following criteria EXCEPT.

A.  The physical appeal or aesthetic attractiveness of the source.

B.  The perceived expertise or proficiency demonstrated by the individual.

C.  The degree of familiarity or prior acquaintance with the informant.

D.  The instructional nature of the pedagogical interaction involved.

Question 24: The word “conduit” in paragraph 1 is OPPOSITE in meaning to _________.

A.  precursor                                        B. intermediary                
C.  propensity                                D. impediment

Question 25: The word “culminate” in paragraph 2 could be best replaced by _________.

A.  diminish
B.  oscillate
C.  eventuate
D.  proliferate

Question 26: The word “their” in paragraph 3 refers to _________.

A.  trauma survivors

B.  clinical practitioners

C.  subjective affective conditions

D.  pedagogical exchanges

Question 27: Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 4?

A.
A. Past academic research has already addressed teenage growth phases by implementing various protocols to reinforce cognitive stability.

B.  Prospective studies must prioritize adolescent shifts while formulating specific measures to dismantle enduring mental blockades.

C.  Future investigations should ignore developmental transitions in order to focus exclusively on designing universal schemes for all age groups.

D.  Upcoming analyses need to highlight teenage transitions, provided that these studies do not attempt to overcome long-term cognitive restraints.

Question 28: Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A.  Developing infants function as passive vessels that unconditionally accept data.

B.  Professional empathy diminishes alertness, thereby facilitating the restoration of learning.

C.  Borderline Personality Disorder patients naturally maximize benefits from cooperative exchanges.

D.  Future academic research must exclusively emphasize childhood while neglecting adolescence.

Question 29: In which paragraph does the writer mention what should be a primary focus for future research?

A.  Paragraph 1                                 B. Paragraph 2                                C. Paragraph 3                                D. Paragraph 4

Question 30: In which paragraph is the environmental origin of a persistent refusal to integrate social data explored?

A.  Paragraph 2                        
C.  Paragraph 1                                C. Paragraph 4                                D. Paragraph 3

Read the following passage about the The Genetic Architecture of Within-Family Inequality and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

Investigating material disparities through genomic lenses reveals how households manage biological diversity effectively. [I] By employing Polygenic Scores as proxies for scholastic achievement, investigators bypass parental interference. Data from 16,000 UK Biobank sibling duos demonstrate that genetic inheritance is often just the luck of the draw. This variability within the same household challenges the notion of uniform upbringing. Such sophisticated methodologies allow researchers to isolate innate abilities from environmental noise while scrutinizing domestic inequality production in contemporary Britain. Moreover, integrating molecular information with longitudinal surveys provides unprecedented clarity regarding intra-familial stratification.

Empirical evidence highlights prevalent compensatory mechanisms within domestic spheres. The association between inherited blueprints and academic outcomes diminishes by approximately one-fifth for high-ranking siblings compared to their counterparts. This suggests proactive equalizing tactics; caregivers distribute resources toward children possessing lower internal propensities to help them catch up. [II] Consequently, familial involvement actively blunts hereditary advantages to promote home-based fairness, ensuring that it serves as a robust buffer against predispositions. Furthermore, parental reaction suggests a conscious effort to minimize the long-term impact of varying starting points.

Environmental factors and specific characteristics delineate these investment boundaries significantly. Families residing in affluent regions utilize financial capital to mitigate vulnerabilities, thereby attempting to level the playing field effectively for every offspring. Paradoxically, such measures remain exclusive to intellectual pursuits, as physical attributes like stature show no similar patterns. [III ]Furthermore, these dynamics stay confined within nuclear units rather than extending toward distant kinsmen like cousins, highlighting the localized nature of monetary mediation. Thus, the household functions as the primary site where socioeconomic interventions occur with greatest intensity.

[IV] Because progenitors respond dynamically to ancestral endowments, upbringing settings cannot be considered purely external variables. This interplay either attenuates or magnifies latent potential, rendering sibling-difference designs less straightforward than previously assumed. Understanding these intricate interactions remains indispensable for future inquiries regarding the intersection of nature and nurture in modern civilization, where innate fate is constantly renegotiated through purposeful agency. Ultimately, recognizing family as a dynamic ecosystem is vital for interpreting the complexities of human development correctly.

https://academic.oup.com/g

Question 31: The phrase “the luck of the draw” in paragraph 1 has the closest meaning to _________.

A.  runs out of                        
B.  puts up with                        C. comes down to                         D. gets on with

Question 32: According to the passage, compensatory parental investment is NOT observed in which of the following cases?

A.  The distribution of resources to help lower-performing siblings catch up academically.

B.  The mitigation of disparities regarding physical attributes like stature among offspring.

C.  Educational interventions within the boundaries of the nuclear family unit.

D.  The use of financial capital in affluent regions to level the scholastic playing field.

Question 33: Where in the paragraph does the following sentence best fit?

Methodological insights challenge traditional causal inference models frequently utilized by sociologists.

A. [I]
B. [II]
C. [III]
D. [IV]

Question 34: The word “it” in paragraph 2 refers to _________.

A.  hereditary advantages

B.  home-based fairness

C.  internal propensities

D.  familial involvement

Question 35: Which of the following best summarises paragraph 3?

A.  Domestic economic interventions effectively mitigate intellectual disparities while remaining strictly confined to immediate kin and non-physical attributes.

B.  Financial capital within affluent regions helps equalize academic outcomes although these effects are significantly felt across distant kinsmen.

C.  Parents in wealthy areas prioritize physical attributes like stature to ensure that every offspring can effectively compete intellectually.

D.  Economic strategies in households successfully buffer physical disparities while remaining exclusively focused on the needs of nuclear units.

Question 36: The word “delineate’ in paragraph 3 is OPPOSITE in meaning to _________.

A.  explicate                                        B. underscore                        C. obfuscate                                 D. substantiate

Question 37: Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 4?

A.  Evaluating fixed patterns is critical for projects proving how static biology sustains inequality.

B.  Analyzing complex dynamics is essential for research showing how intentional actions modify heredity.

C.  Assessing linear links is pivotal for studies suggesting how environmental factors remain irrelevant.

D.  Reviewing stable models is mandatory for scholarship demonstrating how external forces ignore potential.

Question 38: Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A.  Affluent families equalize academics while excluding physical traits.

B.  Upbringing environments remain purely external to genetic factors.

C.  Compensatory household strategies frequently extend toward distant kinsmen.

D.  Genetic inheritance represents determined outcomes rather than chance.

Question 39: Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

A.  Biological inheritance exclusively determines the final academic outcomes reached.

B.  Parental reactions typically represent static and purely external variables.

C.  Purposeful parental actions effectively renegotiate the impact of heredity.

D.  Socioeconomic interventions extend naturally toward cousins and distant kinsmen.

Question 40: Which of the following best summarises the passage?

A.  Scientific studies confirm biological inheritance remains the principal determinant of final educational achievement.

B.  Wealthy households consistently utilize financial capital to equalize physical and intellectual sibling disparities.

C.  Sociological models accurately suggest environmental factors independently influence individual latent genetic internal predispositions.

D.  Dynamic households purposefully renegotiate hereditary advantages through compensatory intellectual investments, promoting domestic fairness.