Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct arrangement of utterances or senten...

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 1 to 10.

        Viet Nam’s green transport transition is taking place amid global energy instability. In response to sharp rises in global energy prices, Viet Nam is accelerating the shift to green transport to safeguard energy security and reduce emissions. This is important because the transport sector consumes vast quantities of fuel and is a major source of emissions in urban areas. This transition not only helps protect the environment but also forms part of a strategy to build new industrial value chains and enhance economic resilience. [I] At the same time, global energy markets are experiencing significant volatility, and improving energy efficiency as well as reducing dependence on fossil fuels have become strategic imperatives for many countries.

        Geopolitical tensions in several regions, especially the Middle East, where many critical energy transit routes are located, have put global energy supplies at risk. This has led to significant price fluctuation in global energy markets. For developing economies such as Viet Nam, where energy demand continues to rise sharply, ensuring energy security is becoming increasingly urgent. In this context, efforts to conserve energy and accelerate the transition to clean and sustainable energy sources are seen as crucial pathways to mitigate external risks and strengthen economic autonomy. [II]

        The transport sector is among the largest energy-consuming sectors. With tens of millions of petrol- and diesel-powered vehicles in use, it consumes large amounts of fuel and is also a significant source of emissions, especially in major cities such as Ha Noi and Ho Chi Minh City. Therefore, the shift to clean-energy transport, particularly electric vehicles, is perceived to be an inevitable trend in the broader energy transition. [III]

        In Viet Nam, the push for green transport is reflected in national development strategies that are aligned with green growth objectives and the commitment to achieving net-zero emissions by 2050. Notably, the Prime Minister has called for a nationwide energy-saving campaign, emphasising the promotion of electric vehicles and other forms of clean energy. [IV]

        In conclusion, Viet Nam’s transition towards green transport embodies a comprehensive and forward-looking strategy to address the complexities of global energy volatility. This shift not only exemplifies the country’s capacity to navigate external pressures but also reaffirms its commitment to fostering sustainable and resilient economic development in the long term.

(Adapted from https://en.nhandan.vn)

Question 1. According to paragraph 1, what is one of the primary drivers for Viet Nam's accelerated shift to green transport?

A. The desire to become a leader in automotive technology.        

B. The global decline in fossil fuel production.

C. The need to establish new international trade agreements.

D. The imperative to safeguard energy security.

Question 2. Which of the following best summarizes paragraph 2?

A. Geopolitical conflicts primarily affect energy transit routes in the Middle East, leading to localized price fluctuations.

B. Developing economies face unique challenges in energy security due to their rapidly increasing energy demand.

C. The Middle East's role in global energy supply is diminishing due to rising geopolitical tensions and price volatility.

D. Global energy market instability, driven by geopolitical factors, necessitates energy conservation and clean energy transition to enhance national autonomy.

Question 3. Which of the following is NOT cited as a benefit or reason for Viet Nam's green transport transition?

A. Strengthening economic autonomy.
B. Reducing reliance on imported technology.

C. Building new industrial value chains.
D. Enhancing economic resilience

Question 4. The word "imperatives" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ____________.

A. urgent requirements
B. temporary trends

C. optional considerations
D. potential advantages

Question 5. The pronoun "it" in paragraph 3 refers to ____________.

A. the transport sector
B. the use of petrol- and diesel-powered vehicles

C. clean-energy transport
D. a significant source of emissions

Question 6. Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 1?

A. Economic resilience and new industrial value chains are prerequisites for a successful green transport transition.

B. The shift towards green transport is associated with environmental protection, with economic development playing a subordinate role.

C. Environmental protection is a secondary outcome of the economic strategies driven by green transport.

D. Green transport transition contributes to environmental protection while simultaneously fostering economic growth and stability.

Question 7. According to paragraph 3, the shift to clean-energy transport, particularly electric vehicles, is described as ____________.

A. an inescapable trend in the wider energy transition.        

B. an experimental approach to urban planning.

C. a temporary measure to address fuel shortages.        

D. a voluntary initiative by local governments.

Question 8. What can be inferred about Viet Nam's long-term energy strategy from the passage?

A. Viet Nam plans to rely on international assistance and technology transfer in its green transition.

B. Viet Nam aims to phase out fossil fuel use across all sectors by 2050.

C. Viet Nam views energy security as intrinsically linked to its economic independence and stability.

D. The primary focus of Viet Nam's strategy is to reduce urban air pollution, with energy security being a secondary concern.

Question 9. Where in the passage would the following sentence best fit?

"This commitment reflects a profound understanding of both global challenges and domestic opportunities."

A. [II]
B. [IV]
C. [III]
D. [I]

Question 10. Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the passage?

A. Electric vehicles are a technological breakthrough that will single-handedly solve Viet Nam’s energy security issues and environmental concerns.

B. Global geopolitical tensions influence Viet Nam’s energy policy decisions within a broader set of economic and environmental considerations.

C. Viet Nam’s green transport transition, particularly towards electric vehicles, is a strategic response to global energy volatility, aiming for energy security, emission reduction, and economic resilience.

D. The transport sector in Viet Nam is the largest contributor to emissions, necessitating immediate and drastic measures for decarbonisation.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 11 to 15.

        Negative attitudes towards ageing, especially internalised ageism, can significantly accelerate both physical and mental decline in older adults. Age discrimination is common in society and appears in three main forms: institutional ageism in social systems and culture, interpersonal ageism in everyday interactions, and internalised ageism, (11) ____________ where older people adopt negative beliefs about their own ageing. These three forms are closely linked and tend to reinforce each other.

        (12) ____________, internalised ageism is considered the most harmful because it shapes how older individuals think about their own health and future. Research shows that people who expect ageing to be negative are more likely to experience faster cognitive and physical decline. (13) ____________, those with positive attitudes towards ageing tend to exercise more, maintain healthier diets, and enjoy better overall health. Studies also indicate that attitudes towards ageing can predict future health outcomes rather than simply reflect current conditions.

        (14) ____________. Negative beliefs are associated with a higher risk of age-related diseases and increased healthcare costs. Although the exact mechanism is not fully understood, evidence consistently shows that mindset plays an important role in the ageing process. (15) ____________.

(Adapted from New Scientist)

Question 11.        

A. which is the most common manifestation of prejudice in society

B. considering the pervasive nature of age-related stereotypes

C. having strong societal impacts on younger generations too

D. being a subtle yet powerful form of self-discrimination

Question 12.        

A. Consequently, and with an undeniable impact        

B. In light of their mutual interdependence and influence

C. Among these interconnected categories, however        

D. As a direct consequence of this comprehensive discrimination

Question 13.        

A. Reflecting a similar pattern of behavioural changes in individuals

B. In sharp opposition to this detrimental mindset

C. Given the widespread acknowledgement of these challenges

D. Furthermore, supporting the idea of mental resilience

Question 14.        

A. It is also important to consider socio-economic factors in this complex equation of health outcomes

B. This highlights the profound influence of one's psychological outlook on long-term physiological well-being

C. Therefore, current health conditions are merely a reflection of past attitudes and behaviors

D. Such findings primarily focus on the genetic predispositions of individuals in older age

Question 15.        

A. The financial burden on healthcare systems is expected to increase dramatically in the coming decades

B. Consequently, promoting a positive perspective on ageing could be a crucial public health strategy

C. This complex interaction between mind and body requires extensive further scientific investigation

D. However, individual variations in genetic makeup also significantly influence health trajectories

Read the following announcement and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the option that best fits each blank from 16 to 21.

Announcement: UNDP Highlights Vietnam’s Inclusive Path to Green and Digital Growth

        UNDP Resident Representative Ramla Khalidi has affirmed Vietnam’s strong commitment to an inclusive path for green and digital growth. She emphasized that the country's transition (16) ____________ must place people at its center leaves no one marginalized.

        Green policies are expected to create a wide (17) ____________ of job opportunities by 2030, especially in renewable energy. Furthermore, the Just Energy Transition Partnership (JETP) is mobilizing $15.5 billion to support the shift away from coal, with a focus on protecting affected communities.

        Reforms also aim to expand access to skills, finance, and digital tools, particularly for vulnerable groups, (18) ____________ greater participation in the digital economy. UNDP also calls on stakeholders to (19) ____________ their efforts in supporting inclusive growth.

        UNDP reaffirms its commitment to helping Vietnam in building a just transition, (20) ____________ opportunity and strengthening governance. This demonstrates Vietnam’s potential to lead globally in sustainable development, provided policies are effectively translated into real, inclusive outcomes, developing a truly (21) ____________ society.

(Adapted from https://vietnamnews.vn/)

Question 16.
A. which
B. whose
C. where
D. who

Question 17.
A. number
B. deal
C. range
D. amount

Question 18.
A. facilitate
B. facilitating
C. to facilitate
D. facilitated

Question 19.
A. build up
B. step up
C. follow up
D. gear up

Question 20.
A. providing
B. progressing
C. ensuring
D. proposing

Question 21.
A. equivocal
B. equitably
C. equitable
D. equity

Read the following passage about a new employment trend and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 33 to 40.

        In recent years, the Gig Economy has emerged as a prevalent phenomenon, significantly changing the career paths of Gen Z in Vietnam. Deviating from the traditional idea of lifelong loyalty to one company, today’s young people prioritize professional agility and independence. From sophisticated digital consultancy to creative content production, the gig economy offers an expansive breadth of opportunities that empower individuals to dictate their own work schedules.

        This transition is driven by a strong desire for a better work-life integration. For many Gen Z individuals, the conventional "9-to-5" office model is increasingly perceived as a constraint on creativity. By embracing gig-based jobs, they can cultivate multifaceted portfolios and avoid the boredom of repetitive corporate tasks. Nevertheless, this newfound autonomy is accompanied by a daunting set of challenges.

        Perhaps the most acute disadvantage is the absence of institutionalized social safety nets. Gig workers typically operate in a precarious state, devoid of health insurance or pension schemes. Furthermore, income in this field is often unpredictable, depending on the whims of market volatility. Young workers must also navigate the pressure of self-regulation and the increasingly blurred lines between their private and professional lives. Without a robust legal framework, many find themselves vulnerable to exploitation.

        Looking ahead, the rise of the gig economy signifies a profound change in the modern labor contract. While it encourages "self-entrepreneurship," it also necessitates heightened resilience and financial acumen. The stark reality is that the allure of independence often masks a precarious existence marked by a constant struggle for financial viability. This transformation suggests that the future of work will be defined not by tenure, but by the tangible impact of one’s output.

(Adapted from https:// qdnd.com)

Question 33. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in paragraph 1 as a feature of the gig economy?

A. A significant shift in the professional trajectories of young people.

B. The ability for individuals to dictate their own work schedules.

C. The requirement of lifelong loyalty to a single institution.

D. A wide breadth of ventures from consultancy to content production.

Question 34. The word “agility” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ____________.

A. intimacy
B. rigidity
C. adaptability
D. stability

Question 35. The word “they” in paragraph 2 refers to ____________.

A. corporate tasks
B. Gen Z individuals

C. multifaceted portfolios
D. gig-based jobs

Question 36. The word “blurred” in paragraph 3 is OPPOSITE in meaning to ____________.

A. distinct
B. ambiguous
C. obscure
D. faint

Question 37. Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 4?

A. Most workers struggle with financial viability because they are too focused on their professional allure.

B. The constant struggle for money is what makes the independence of the gig economy so attractive.

C. The fascinating freedom of freelance work often conceals the reality of a difficult and unstable life.

D. Being independent in the gig economy always leads to a life of financial freedom and success.

Question 38. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A. The traditional office environment is often seen as a barrier to the creative potential of the younger generation.

B. Gig workers are guaranteed to receive health insurance and retirement plans similar to those in formal jobs.

C. Thriving in the future labor market depends on how many years an employee can remain loyal to a single firm.

D. The fluctuations of the global market have a limited impact on the stability of a freelancer's income.

Question 39. Which paragraph mentions the psychological and self-management pressures of gig work?

A. Paragraph 4
B. Paragraph 1
C. Paragraph 2
D. Paragraph 3

Question 40. Which paragraph mentions a reconfiguration of the labor contract due to gig economy?

A. Paragraph 3
B. Paragraph 2
C. Paragraph 4
D. Paragraph 1

Read the following leaflet and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 22 to 27.

Explore Britain by Train

        Travelling by train is an eco-friendly, scenic and relaxing way to explore Britain, with a rail network covering extensive areas and highly convenient (22) ____________ tourists seeking a stress-free travel experience.

        To help you plan and save money, you can:

- use the National Rail Journey Planner

- buy tickets from travel agents, online providers, or at railway stations

- book in advance to save money

- check carefully, as two single tickets are sometimes cheaper than a return ticket

        For tourists, the BritRail Pass offers unlimited journeys and discounts, giving you the freedom to travel around Britain at your own pace. Some travellers prefer this option, while (23) ____________ choose single tickets depending on their needs. Travellers (24) ____________ it as a practical option for long-distance travel, especially when seeking flexibility. Overall, train travel in Britain is both efficient and (25) ____________, making it a popular choice among tourists.

        Passengers can combine flexible booking options, online platforms, and station services, all of which provide (26) ____________. The rail network has been meticulously developed into a highly integrated system of accessibility spanning major cities and rural regions, (27) ____________ travellers are able to navigate the country with remarkable ease and efficiency.

(Adapted from https://www.visitbritain.com)

Question 22.
A. in
B. with
C. within
D. for

Question 23.
A. other
B. others
C. another
D. the other

Question 24.
A. reject
B. avoid
C. regard
D. ignore

Question 25.
A. bewildering
B. appealing
C. cumbersome
D. restrictive

Question 26. 

A. seamless ticket booking
B. booking ticket seamless

C. ticket seamless booking
D. seamless booking ticket

Question 27.
A. and
B. but
C. yet
D. so