Read the following piece of news and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option...

Read the following passage mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 26 to 30.

        The concept of lifelong learning has gained unprecedented prominence as artificial intelligence continues to disrupt established career paths and job requirements. For many workers, the skills (26) ____________ are becoming obsolete at a pace that formal education systems were never designed to accommodate. As a result, individuals increasingly turn to online platforms, short courses, and professional networks to remain employable.

           Some employees (27) ____________, aiming to switch careers within a matter of months. Others prefer a slower, more reflective approach, integrating learning into their daily routines through podcasts, reading, and mentoring relationships. (28) ____________. Yet, despite its informality, this mode of learning often yields outcomes that are just as meaningful as those gained through structured programs.

        Many organizations now actively support employee development (29) ____________. Firms that fail to invest in continuous training risk losing talent to competitors who do. While the pressure to upskill is most visible in the technology sector, it is by no means limited to technical roles such as workers in healthcare, education, and the creative industries face equally rapid changes in the knowledge their jobs require.

           Ultimately, (30) ____________. This is a reality profoundly felt in recruitment, hiring, and promotion decisions, where genuine adaptability proves to be a greater asset than a single prestigious degree.

Question 26: 

        A. have been acquired during the initial years

        B. which acquired during their initial years of training

        C. whose acquisition happened in initial years of training

        D. they acquired during their initial years of training

Question 27:

         A. enrolling on intensive courses for new qualifications

        B. to attend intensive boot camps to get new qualifications

        C. pursue new qualifications through intensive boot camps

        D. new qualifications are essential in their career paths

Question 28: 

A. Informal learning, described as widespread, is sometimes realized to be less common than expected

        B. This is sometimes described as informal learning and it is more widespread than most people realize

        C. This is widely realized by most people although informal learning is rarely described as widespread

D. Informal learning has been described as less effective than formal education in developing essential skills

Question 29: 

        A. because the returns on learning investment have become increasingly measurable

        B. so that the investment in learning has increasingly measured the returns

        C. although measuring the return of learning investments has been increasing

        D. significant returns of learning are measured through increasing investment

Question 30: 

        A. formal qualifications have been proved to be far more important in most professional fields

        B. organizations now expect their employees to have recognized qualifications rather than crucial skills

        C. the ability to learn continuously is fast becoming as important as any specific qualification

        D. learning continuously is not considered as important and valuable as traditional qualifications

Read the following advertisement and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 20 to 25.

Discover the Power of Nature in Every Capsule!

Are you looking for a natural way to boost your energy and improve your overall health? NutriHerb Daily Wellness Capsules (20) ____________ use of the finest herbal extracts sourced directly from nature to deliver outstanding results. Our expert nutritionists can explain to you how (21) ____________ ingredient works in harmony with your body. Even a small daily intake can make a noticeable difference to your wellbeing. Here is why thousands of customers trust NutriHerb:

• NutriHerb contains a powerful three-ingredient herbal blend extract, combining turmeric, ginger, and

ashwagandha for (22) ____________ health outcomes.

• Our advanced formula helps strengthen your immune system and maintain (23) ____________ throughout the day.

(24) ____________, buy only affordable quality products - choose NutriHerb and avoid excessive spending on ineffective supplements that bring little benefit (25) ____________ your health.

Question 20:
A. take
B. create
C. achieve
D. make

Question 21:
A. some
B. much
C. many
D. each

Question 22:
A. temporary
B. lasting
C. slight
D. occasional

Question 23: 

A. energy healthy levels
B. healthy energy levels

C. levels healthy energy
D. healthy levels energy

Question 24:
A. Therefore
B. Otherwise
C. However
D. Moreover

Question 25:
A. on
B. to
C. with
D. about

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best arrangement of utterances or sentences to make a meaningful exchange or text in each of the following questions from 7 to 11.

Question 7: 

A. These include planting native vegetation along riverbanks, reducing pesticide use in public parks, and setting up wildlife corridors to connect isolated habitats.

B. Although the changes have come too late, most experts agree that, overall, the new strategy represents a significant step in the right direction.

C. The plan previously focused mainly on creating wildlife reserves on the outskirts of town. However, officials have now recognized that this was simply not enough, and as a result, they have introduced a series of new measures.

D. The city authority has recently revised its approach to protecting endangered species in the area, following growing pressure from environmental groups.

e. Local residents are also being encouraged to take part in monitoring programs.

A. d-e-c-a-b
B. d-c-a-e-b
C. d-e-a-c-b
D. d-c-e-a-b

Question 8: 

A. When I finally walked in the next day, I recognized the receptionist who had been sitting right next to me on that bus.

B. I called the company in a panic, so they kindly rescheduled.

C. Looking back, I can almost laugh about it, but it taught me a valuable lesson - no matter how rushed you are, always check the basics first.

D. She clearly remembered me, and I could feel my cheeks burning.

e. Last week, I was running late for a job interview and rushed onto the wrong bus. By the time I realized, I was completely lost on the other side of town.

A. e-b-a-d-c
B. e-d-a-b-c
C. a-e-d-b-c
D. a-d-b-e-c

Question 9:   

A.  Mike: I get that, but the buses round here are so unreliable. I got stuck waiting yesterday.

B.  Lena: Really?  Have you tried the new tram line? It’s supposed to be pretty decent.

C.  Lena: I’ve been thinking about just using public transport. It’d save me a fortune.

D.  Mike: Actually, I might give it a go. It stops right near my office, so it could work out.

e. Lena: Exactly! And you’d be avoiding all that rush hour traffic too.        

A. c-d-b-a-e
B. e-a-c-d-b
C. b-a-e-d-c
D. c-a-b-d-e

Question 10: 

Dear Mr. Thompson,

A. Thank you for taking the time to share your ideas with us. Should you have any further questions,   please do not hesitate to contact us.

B. On behalf of the City Council, we are pleased to acknowledge receipt of your proposal regarding energy-saving measures for our city, submitted on 20 April 2026.

C. We are particularly interested in your recommendations concerning solar energy installation and reduced street lighting during off-peak hours.

D. We will keep you informed of any developments as soon as a decision has been reached.

e. Therefore, your suggestions have been carefully noted and will be forwarded to the relevant department for further consideration.

Yours sincerely,

City Council Representative

A. d-b-c-e-a
B. d-b-e-c-a
C. b-c-e-d-a
D. b-e-d-c-a

Question 11: 

A.  Jake: Are you heading home after school? Could you give me a lift? My bike’s got a flat tire.

B.  Jake: Perfect! I’ll be there.

C.  Mia: Of course! I’m leaving right after the last period, meet me by the parking lot at 3:15.

A. c-a-b
B. c-b-a
C. a-c-b
D. b-c-a

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 12 to 19.

Pathways to Meaningful Contribution

        Today’s teens are increasingly choosing not to wait until adulthood to make a difference in society. In many different cultures and countries, teenagers are taking part in creative ways of contributing to their communities while also building skills that will benefit them in the long run. From environmental activism and peer mentoring to digital volunteerism, what unifies these distinct pathways is a foundational belief that meaningful civic engagement during adolescence yields reciprocal benefits - for the individual and for the broader social fabric.

        One of the most common ways teenagers get involved is through community service. Schools and local organizations often work together to place adolescents in roles at hospitals, food banks, and youth centers. Unlike informal assistance, these structured positions cultivate essential professional competencies, including accountability, time management, and collaboration. Research shows that teenagers regularly taking part in community service tend to perform better academically and feel more confident compared to those who are less involved.

        Digital platforms have further diversified the landscape of teen civic participation. Through online mentoring initiatives, teenagers with advanced proficiency in disciplines such as mathematics or computer science provide academic support to younger learners remotely. At the same time, youth-led social media campaigns have successfully raised public awareness on important issues such as mental health and climate change, refining participants' leadership skills while extending their influence well beyond locally bounded audiences.

        Starting small enterprises or entering innovation competitions is another popular path for young people. These experiences encourage teenagers to spot real-world problems and come up with practical solutions. Along the way, participants develop financial knowledge and emotional strength alongside their creative problem-solving abilities. Teachers often notice that those who complete such projects tend to show greater confidence and adaptability when facing future challenges in their careers.

Question 12: Which of the following is NOT mentioned in paragraph 1 as an example of teen contribution?

A. mentoring work
B. environmental activism  

C. digital volunteering
D. student politics  

Question 13: The word “cultivate” in paragraph 2 mostly means ____________.

A. neglect
B. consider
C. abandon
D. develop

Question 14: Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 3?

A. Digital programs allow teenagers to receive training in mathematics and coding from experienced remote instructors.

B. Teenagers who are skilled in certain subjects can guide younger students from a distance via digital platforms.

C. Online programs require teens to travel to different locations to assist younger students in technical subjects.

D. Younger learners are encouraged to build their own digital platforms to teach coding and mathematics to peers.

Question 15: The word “refining” in paragraph 3 is OPPOSITE in meaning to ____________.

A. weakening
B. replacing
C. enhancing
D. improving        

Question 16: The word “their” in paragraph 4 refers to ____________.

A. enterprises
B. participants
C. competitions
D. problems

Question 17: Which of the following is TRUE according to paragraph 4?

        A. School coordinators design the practical solutions that student teams then carry out.

        B. Financial gain is the main motivation for teens who join entrepreneurial projects.

        C. Teens involved in social enterprises are unlikely to develop creative thinking skills.

        D. Innovation competitions require students to find solutions to real problems.

Question 18: Which paragraph mentions the comparison between two groups of teens in terms of their volunteering involvement?

A. Paragraph 3
B. Paragraph 4
C. Paragraph 1
D. Paragraph 2  

Question 19: Which paragraph mentions the use of technology to connect young people with wider audiences?

A. Paragraph 1
B. Paragraph 3
C. Paragraph 2
D. Paragraph 4

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

        We appear to be entering a new era in which social media platforms have effectively displaced traditional journalism as the primary source of news for large segments of the population. [I] The implications of this shift are profound: where once editorial teams and fact-checkers filtered information before it reached audiences, algorithms now determine what billions of people read, watch, and ultimately believe. Designed to maximize engagement rather than accuracy, these systems tend to amplify emotionally charged content including misinformation because such content generates more clicks and shares.

        The consequences for public discourse have been well-documented. Researchers at several leading universities have found that false information spreads significantly faster on social media than verified news. [II] Political polarization has intensified as users are funneled into “echo chambers”- closed information environments where their pre-existing beliefs are continually reinforced. Advertisers, meanwhile, profit from this fragmentation, as targeted advertising becomes more effective the more precisely audiences can be segmented.

        Media literacy, the ability to critically evaluate sources and identify bias, has emerged as a crucial skill in this landscape. Yet access to quality media education remains deeply unequal. In many countries, students from disadvantaged backgrounds receive little guidance on how to navigate the digital information environment. [III] Civil society organizations and some governments have begun funding media literacy programs, but the scale of these initiatives remains modest relative to the challenge. Without significantly greater investment and political will, millions of young people will remain vulnerable to misinformation.

        Some technology companies have introduced measures to curb the spread of misinformation, such as labeling disputed content and reducing the algorithmic amplification of unverified claims. Critics argue, however, that these efforts are superficial and driven more by public relations concerns than a serious commitment to informational integrity. [IV] A more structural solution, many media scholars contend, would involve reforming the business models of social media platforms so that profitability no longer depends on maximizing user outrage. Without such systemic change of social media models, the battle against misinformation may prove unwinnable.

Question 31: According to paragraph 1, algorithms on social media platforms are primarily designed to ____________.

        A. increase user interaction regardless of content truthfulness

        B. replace editorial teams with more efficient fact-checkers

        C. promote scientifically verified information to wider audiences

        D. ensure the accuracy of news before it reaches users

Question 32: The word “amplify” in paragraph 1 mostly means ____________.

A. filter
B. reduce
C. strengthen
D. maintain

Question 33: Where in the passage does the following sentence best fit?

This finding has significant implications for democracy, as informed civic participation depends on access to reliable information.

A. [II]
B. [I]
C. [IV]
D. [III]

Question 34: According to paragraph 2, what happens to political polarization when users are placed in echo chambers?

        A. It remains stable because social media has a relatively minor influence on political views.

        B. It intensifies as users keep seeing content that constantly reinforces their existing beliefs.

        C. It becomes harder to measure because researchers lose access to reliable social media data.

        D. It gradually decreases as users encounter more diverse opinions and broader perspectives.

Question 35: Which of the following best summarizes paragraph 3?

A. Media literacy education has successfully been delivered to disadvantaged students around the world.

B. The digital information problem affects poor countries where students have little guidance to media literacy.

C. Some countries have stopped funding media literacy programs because the skill is too difficult to teach.

D. Media literacy is essential, but existing programs remain far too limited due to unequal access.

Question 36: What criticism do scholars make of technology companies’ efforts to reduce misinformation?

        A. The measures they have taken are too aggressive and silence legitimate political debate.

        B. Their interventions are largely cosmetic and not motivated by a true commitment to accuracy.

        C. They have refused to introduce any measures to address the spread of false information.

        D. Their fact-checking tools are effective and available to fight against the spread of false news.

Question 37: The phrase “these initiatives” in paragraph 3 refers to ____________.

A. media literacy programs
B. civil society organizations

C. targeted advertising campaigns
D. social media platforms

Question 38: Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 4?

A. If such models are not fundamentally reformed, efforts against false information are unlikely to succeed.

B. Although structural reform of social media is effective, the fight against misleading news is still ongoing.

C. Misinformation is difficult to address because the models of social media platforms has been restructured.

D. Systemic change of social media business has made it likely that misinformation will be eliminated soon.

Question 39: Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

A. Social media companies are genuinely committed to reforming their platforms to prioritize truth over engagement.

B. Media literacy education fails to protect users from the widespread of misinformation due to limited financial investment.

C. The way social media platforms are built to earn profit strongly conflicts with providing accurate information.

D. As the main source of news, traditional journalism has lost its credibility due to the rise of social media misinformation.

Question 40: Which of the following best summarizes the passage?

A. Technology companies have taken decisive action to prevent misinformation through media education, and their labeling systems are regarded as an effective structural solution.

B. Social media algorithms spread misinformation and deepen divides, so advertisers and tech companies should pursue superficial fixes over broader reform.

C. Social media algorithms prioritize engagement over accuracy, spreading misinformation and polarizing society, requiring structural reform beyond superficial fixes.

D. The displacement of traditional journalism by social media is a temporary phenomenon that will reverse as audiences return to fact-checked news sources.