Read the following leaflet and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that b...

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 1 to 10.

        The pursuit of relief during scorching heatwaves frequently causes a series of physiological missteps. [I] A primary spark for such events is thermal shock, often provoked by the abrupt transition between climate-controlled environments and harsh outdoor temperatures. These rapid transitions compel blood vessels to oscillate violently between constraint and expansion, a phenomenon exacerbated by the perilous habit of cold immersion immediately following heat exposure. Without a needed adjustment period, the body’s inability to regulate its internal balance can trigger acute vasoconstriction, dizziness, or even fatal strokes. Similarly, hot showers in inadequately ventilated spaces can induce rapid vasodilation, causing blood pressure to plummet and leading to faint.

        Physical exertion represents another critical vulnerability. [II] Undertaking high-intensity exercise, particularly on thermally saturated pavements during peak hours, subjects the respiratory and cardiovascular systems to intolerable strain. In these conditions, the body becomes a dual heater—absorbing ambient heat while simultaneously generating metabolic warmth—frequently resulting in arrhythmia or exertional heatstroke. Furthermore, the common desire for cooling down with alcoholic or carbonated beverages is a profound misconception. Alcohol acts as a potent vasodilator and diuretic, accelerating fluid loss while simultaneously dulling the perception of early warning signs like fatigue. [III] Excessive caffeine and sugar intake similarly exacerbate dehydration, undermining the body’s cooling mechanisms.

        Dietary choices further complicate these risks. High sodium intake promotes fluid retention and hypertension, placing immense stress on analytical and cardiac vasculature. [IV] Long-term adherence to diets rich in saturated fats and processed sugars accelerates atherosclerosis, progressively narrowing the arterial pathways. Crucially, when symptoms of heat distress manifest, the reliance on archaic folk remedies—such as "gua sha" or bloodletting—is dangerously misguided. These interventions fail to address the underlying physiological crisis and, more importantly, waste the "golden hour" essential for professional medical intervention. True mitigation requires a disciplined approach to gradual temperature transitions, thorough hydration, and a recognition that rhetoric regarding quick "cool-down" fixes must yield to evidence-based caution.

(Adapted from  https://e.vnexpress.net)

Question 1. Which of the following best summarises the passage?

A. Physical exertion, unhealthy beverages, and improper habits during heatwaves place severe strain on the body and may lead to dangerous medical conditions.

B. Behavioral mistakes during heatwaves, including abrupt temperature changes and unscientific remedies can delay treatment and worsen life-threatening conditions.

C. Extreme heat combined with poor lifestyle choices and ineffective treatments can result in serious cardiovascular and physiological consequences.

D. Common responses to extreme heat, such as sudden cooling, poor hydration, and misguided remedies significantly increase the risk of serious health problems.

Question 2. The word “oscillate” in paragraph 1 mostly means ____________.

A. shift
B. fluctuate
C. move
D. substitute

Question 3. What is thermal shock?

A. sudden body temperature imbalance
B. dangerous cardiovascular response

C. rapid vessel constriction change
D. extreme resistance to temperature

Question 4. Which of the following best summarises paragraph 2?

A. Physical exertion under high temperatures combined with poor hydration choices places excessive stress on bodily systems leading to severe health complications and potential collapse

B. High intensity exercise in hot environments and consuming alcohol or sugary drinks worsen dehydration, impair bodily functions, and evade risks of heatstroke or heart issues

C. Engaging in intense physical activities during extreme heat and consuming inappropriate beverages significantly increases risks of dehydration, cardiovascular strain and heat-related chronic illnesses

D. The combination of extreme heat physical activity and poor beverage choices contributes to cardiovascular stability, dehydration and significantly elevates risks of serious medical emergencies

Question 5. Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 3?

A. While "gua sha" and bloodletting are essential folk remedies, their effectiveness in treating heat distress is significantly diminished if symptoms have already manifested.

B. Because symptoms of heat distress are difficult to identify, applying "gua sha" or bloodletting is a recommended first step to prevent the condition from worsening.

C. Although heat-related illnesses require immediate attention, the use of ancient healing practices is often a safer alternative to modern medical interventions in critical cases.

D. It is vital to recognize that depending on outdated traditional treatments like bloodletting or "gua sha" is a perilous error once signs of heat exhaustion appear.

Question 6. Where in the passage does the following sentence best fit?

These biological errors significantly heighten the risk of cardiovascular tragedies.

A. [I]
B. [IV]
C. [III]
D. [II]

Question 7. Why is alcohol dangerous in heat?

A. it amplifies awareness of fatigue
B. it causes moisture loss quickly

C. it increases dehydration risk significantly
D. it worsens body cooling mechanisms

Question 8. According to paragraph 1, ____________.

A. abrupt exposure to extreme temperatures often results in severe disruptions to normal bodily digestive patterns

B. thermal shock occurs when the body fails to adjust quickly between contrasting environmental temperature conditions

C. rapid environmental transitions innocently increase the likelihood of cardiovascular complications and serious medical emergencies

D. sudden temperature changes can cause dangerous cardiovascular reactions in vulnerable individuals during heatwaves

Question 9. The phrase “the golden hour” in paragraph 3 refers to ____________.

        A. the time when body temperature reaches its highest level each day during summer

        B. the most dangerous time of day during extreme heat exposure for everyone involved

        C. the period when dehydration symptoms become most noticeable and severe for patients

        D. the critical period for effective medical treatment immediately after symptoms appear

Question 10. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

A. Individuals are generally unaware of the dangers posed by temperature fluctuations and often underestimate the seriousness of heat related physiological stress responses

B. Many common behaviors during heatwaves are based on misconceptions and can unintentionally increase risks of severe health complications or cardiovascular incidents

C. Without proper education people tend to follow traditional habits that may delay treatment and significantly worsen outcomes in heat related medical emergencies

D. Public understanding of safe practices during extreme heat is limited leading to widespread adoption of ineffective or potentially harmful cooling strategies

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 11 to 18.

        The ongoing conflict involving Israel, the US, and Iran is now recognized as more than a political crisis; it is a significant driver of climate change. Recent reports show that in only the first two weeks, the war produced about five million tonnes of greenhouse gas emissions. This amount exceeds the total yearly output of many smaller countries. This spike in pollution stems from infrastructure destruction, heavy military fuel use, and fires ignited by attacks on energy supplies. Notably, the ruin of 20,000 buildings released vast amounts of embodied carbon from destroyed construction materials.

        Beyond structural damage, military logistics are a massive source of pollution. Long-distance missions by planes and ships consume huge quantities of fuel, increasing the environmental cost of the war. At the same time, strikes on fuel storage sites have caused major fires, releasing millions of barrels of oil into the air as carbon. The use of explosives and the destruction of equipment add even more to the problem. Because military operations prioritize speed over efficiency, their carbon footprint is often overlooked.

        The path to recovery is equally carbon-intensive. The future reconstruction of these urban areas will require massive amounts of concrete and steel, leading to even more emissions in the coming years. Because the manufacturing of these materials is energy-heavy, the process will lock in a high-emission trajectory long after the fighting stops. This ensures that the ecological damage continues even when the conflict ends.

        On a larger scale, this conflict shows how dependence on fossil fuels leads to global instability. Interruptions in energy supplies often lead to more extraction, keeping carbon levels high just when the world needs to reduce them. As the planet nears dangerous climate limits, these developments prove that war and environmental protection are fundamentally incompatible.

(Adapted from https://www.theguardian.com)

Question 11. Which of the following is TRUE according to paragraph 2?

        A. Huge amounts of carbon are released into the atmosphere due to attacks on fuel depots.

        B. Long-distance missions are becoming more fuel-efficient to reduce pollution.

        C. Military operations generally prioritize environmental efficiency over operational speed.

        D. The environmental impact of war is primarily caused by the use of explosives alone.

Question 12. Which paragraph mentions the relationship between fossil fuels and global instability?

A. Paragraph 2
B. Paragraph 1
C. Paragraph 4
D. Paragraph 3

Question 13. The word “dependence” in paragraph 4 is OPPOSITE in meaning to ____________.

A. influence
B. association
C. autonomy
D. reliance

Question 14. The word “spike” in paragraph 1 mostly means ____________.

A. a slight fluctuation
B. a long-term trend

C. a temporary drop
D. a sharp rise

Question 15. Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 3?

A. Due to the high energy demands of manufacturing, the emissions generated during the war will be immediately neutralized as soon as industrial operations cease.

B. Since the production of these goods requires vast amounts of energy, it will commit the region to a path of high carbon output well beyond the end of the conflict.

C. The carbon-heavy nature of the production process ensures that emissions will peak only during the fighting, followed by a swift transition to greener alternatives.

D. Although the creation of these materials is energy-intensive, the resulting high-emission patterns will gradually dissipate once the period of warfare concludes.

Question 16. Which paragraph mentions the environmental impact of rebuilding after the war?

A. Paragraph 3
B. Paragraph 4
C. Paragraph 1
D. Paragraph 2

Question 17. The phrase “This amount” in paragraph 1 refers to ____________.

A. war emissions
B. carbon output
C. fuel pollution
D. total emissions

Question 18. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in paragraph 1 as a cause of increased emissions?

        A. large-scale destruction of infrastructure

        B. fires triggered by attacks on energy systems

        C. intensive fuel consumption by armed forces

        D. increased investment in clean energy alternatives

Read the following piece of news and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 19 to 24.

65-Year-Old Vietnamese Farmer Earns University Degree After Decades of Perseverance

        A 65-year-old farmer, Duong Van Bay, has inspired many after earning a university degree decades after leaving school due to financial hardship. Born in An Giang Province, Bay dropped out of school at an early age, a decision (19) ____________ by economic difficulties which affected his family. For years, he worked (20) ____________ jobs while raising his children. However, feeling left behind in conversations with friends, many of (21) ____________ were well-educated, he decided to return to education.

        After failing his high school exams twice, he temporarily gave up. Nevertheless, in 2020, at the age of 59, he passed the exam, achieving a goal long considered (22) ____________. He later enrolled in a distance-learning program at University of Social Sciences and Humanities.

        Despite challenges, including (23) ____________ and demanding travel for exams, Bay remained committed. In 2026, he graduated with a degree (24) ____________ Vietnamese Studies. His story highlights the power of determination, showing that education is a lifelong journey for those willing to keep trying.

(Adapted from  https://e.vnexpress.net)

Question 19.
A. is caused
B. have caused
C. caused
D. causing

Question 20.
A. various
B. vary
C. varied
D. variety

Question 21.
A. whom
B. that
C. which
D. who

Question 22.
A. unreachable
B. feasible
C. imperceptible
D. unbelievable

Question 23. 

A. skills computer limited
B. limited computer skills

C. limited  skills computer
D. computer limited skills

Question 24.
A. of
B. at
C. into
D. in

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 31 to 35.

        Hanoi authorities are starting a new pilot program on July 1, 2026. The main goal is to create a low-emission zone across eleven streets in Hoan Kiem district. This initiative represents a strategic method to combat rising pollution by restricting vehicles (31) ____________. Reports of a total prohibition on gasoline motorbikes during weekend nights along with a six-month ban on ride-hailing services (32) ____________ rather than prioritizing the immediate convenience of commuters.

        The updated regulations establish a mandatory compliance framework, in which access for larger vehicles is strictly contingent upon Euro 4 standards. Additionally, other heavy vehicles are required to follow temporal limitations during peak hours. (33) ____________. These measures are intended to enhance the urban environment, making the city center significantly quieter and more accessible for pedestrians.

        This policy represents a key element of a broader environmental strategy for the metropolitan area. By 2027, the clean zone is expected to expand to include fourteen additional streets. (34) ____________. Driven by the urgent need to address escalating traffic and environmental concerns, (35) ____________ in a city where seven million motorbikes are currently in use.

        Despite the potential for initial disruptions to daily commuting, authorities maintain that this is a vital step toward protecting public health and ensuring a sustainable urban space for future generations.

(Adapted from  https://e.vnexpress.net)

Question 31. 

        A. have emission levels that exceed the allowed limits in crowded areas

        B. whose emission levels exceed the allowed limits in crowded areas

        C. when their emission levels exceed the allowed limits in crowded areas

        D. those with emission levels exceeding the allowed limits in crowded areas will be restricted

Question 32. 

        A. environmental impacts are strategically attempted to be represented

        B. being strategically attempting to evaluate environmental impacts

        C. will strategic attempt evaluating environmental impacts

        D. represent a strategic attempt to evaluate environmental impacts

Question 33. 

        A. However, specific exemptions are public buses and school services

        B. Public buses and school services, however, are specifically exempt

        C. Public buses and school services are specifically exempted, by contrast

        D. However, this is a specific exemption among public buses and school services

Question 34. 

A. While this is essential for expansions, transport nearly accounts for 59% of the city’s total pollution

B. It is not essential whether transport accounts for nearly 59% of the city’s total pollution, such expansions are given

C. Such expansions are essential, given that transport accounts for nearly 59% of the city’s total pollution

D. In the meantime, transport accounting for nearly 59% of the city’s total pollution is known to be expansions that are essentially required

Question 35. 

A. the initiative promotes a shift towards public transportation or electric alternatives

B. the government’s long-term policies on urban mobility are facing increasing public scrutiny

C. many urban residents in densely populated cities have expressed concerns about worsening congestion

D. there has been a noticeable rise in private vehicle ownership across major metropolitan areas

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best arrangement of utterances or sentences to make a cohesive and coherent exchange or text in each of the following questions from 36 to 40.

Question 36.

 a. Mai: I believe pollution, especially plastic waste, is the most serious issue affecting our planet.

B.  Jim: I completely agree with you because plastic is everywhere and very hard to break down.

C.  Jim: What do you think is the biggest problem facing our environment today?

D.  Jim: Exactly, protecting the environment starts with small actions from each of us.

e. Mai: That’s why we should reduce single-use plastics and encourage recycling in our daily lives.

A. d – e – b – a – c
B. c – a – b – e – d
C. c – e – d – a – b
D. d – a – c – e – b

Question 37. 

Dear Ms. Johnson,

A. This invitation has been prepared for you, but you are required to confirm your participation by completing the registration form and submitting it to our office.

B. The program is limited in capacity and will remain open for registration until June 30th.

C. Your application will be reviewed, and further details about the program schedule will be provided within three working days.

D. It is our pleasure to offer you the opportunity to participate in our cultural diversity program, designed to celebrate and promote different cultures within our community.

e. Should you require further information, please contact us at 0987654321 or visit our website for more details.

Yours sincerely,

Cultural Exchange Organization

A. c – a – d – b – e
B. b – d – a – c – e
C. a – c – d – b – e
D. d – a – c – b – e

Question 38. 

A. Instead of staying silent, I decided to speak up, block the offenders, and seek support from trusted people.

B. This challenging experience was truly unforgettable and taught me the importance of kindness and responsibility in the online community.

C. Experiencing cyberbullying on social media made me realize how harmful online behavior can be, a serious issue in today’s digital world.

D. The reality, however, was far from what I had expected when the hurtful messages kept coming and began to affect my confidence.

e. I tried to brush it off at first, hoping the negative comments would stop on their own.

A. c – e – a – d – b
B. c – e – d – a – b
C. c – a – d – e – b
D. c – d – a – b – e

Question 39. 

A.  Nick: Perfect, let’s invite more people so we can make a bigger impact together.

B.  Nick: I can help organize a community clean-up event this weekend to improve our society.

C.  Laura: That sounds like a great idea, I’d love to join and support the activity.

A. a – c – b
B. b – a – c
C. b – c – a
D. a – b – c

Question 40. 

A. Taken together, these trends highlight the critical importance of maintaining a sustainable balance between work and personal life in order to ensure long-term productivity and a fulfilling lifestyle.

B. Consequently, individuals may experience a decline in both their overall well-being and the quality of their interpersonal relationships.

C. Many individuals are subjected to demanding workloads and extended working hours, which can result in chronic stress and eventual burnout if left unaddressed.

D. This challenge is further compounded by the pervasive use of digital technology, which frequently blurs the distinction between professional responsibilities and personal time.

e. Work-life balance has become an increasingly prominent concern in contemporary society, reflecting the growing pressures of modern professional environments.

A. e – d – b – a – c
B. e – c – a – d – b
C. e – b – a – c – d
D. e – c – d – b – a