Read the following announcement and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option t...

Read the following leaflet and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 9 to 14.

Simple Tips for a Greener Home

        Choose eco-friendly products by checking certifications, as (9) ____________ items carry labels showing they meet environmental standards. For example, Energy Star highlights energy-efficient appliances, (10) ____________ Green Seal identifies environmentally friendly cleaning products. Understanding these labels helps you make smarter choices.

        Whenever possible, select products made from natural or recycled materials, as they are more sustainable and have a (11) ____________. It is also important (12) ____________ single-use items, since they create unnecessary waste. Instead, choose reusable products that can be used repeatedly.

         Think about a product’s lifecycle before buying—can it be recycled or is it biodegradable? These simple steps are easy to follow and can (13) ____________ a significant difference over time. By making careful choices, you can adopt a more (14) ____________ lifestyle and help protect the environment for future generations.

(Adapted from https://www.greenlivinganswers.com/ultimate-guide-to-green-living)

Question 9.
A. plenty
B. a great deal of
C. much
D. many

Question 10.
A. because
B. but
C. while
D. so

Question 11. 

A. environmental smaller impact
B. smaller impact environmental

C. impact smaller environmental
D. smaller environmental impact

Question 12.
A. avoided
B. to avoid
C. avoiding
D. avoid

Question 13.
A. do
B. make
C. have
D. create

Question 14.
A. conscientious
B. sustainable
C. advantageous
D. progressive

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 1 to 8.

        Gender equality transcends being a mere fundamental human right; it is an indispensable prerequisite for cultivating harmonious societies and catalyzing sustainable development. Empirical research consistently demonstrates that empowering women substantially bolsters productivity and macroeconomic growth. Nevertheless, the trajectory toward attaining unequivocal equality in rights and opportunities remains protracted. Financial experts caution that an additional 360 billion annually is requisite to bridge the gender discrepancy by the year 2030.

        The United Nations’ advocacy for women's rights originated with its foundational Charter, which staunchly promotes reverence for all human liberties. A pivotal milestone materialized with the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, unequivocally proclaiming that all individuals are born free and equal. Subsequently, in 1979, the UN ratified the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW). This comprehensive document essentially functions as an international bill of rights for women globally.

        To expedite systemic progress, the UN General Assembly instituted UN Women in 2010. This consolidated entity amalgamated four antecedent agencies to concentrate on four primary domains: leadership, economic empowerment, the eradication of violence, and peacebuilding processes. UN Women operates in tandem with other organizations, notably UNICEF and UNDP, to elevate public consciousness regarding critical societal afflictions, such as child marriage and the imperative necessity of education for girls.

        Furthermore, linguistic frameworks exert a profound influence on sculpting societal attitudes. The deliberate utilization of gender-inclusive language constitutes a potent mechanism for championing parity and mitigating implicit bias. In 2024, the UN inaugurated the Gender Equality Acceleration Plan to propel internal institutional transformation. By positioning women and girls at the vanguard of global initiatives, the UN endeavors to safeguard their rights across political, economic, and sociocultural spectrums.

(Adapted from https://www.un.org)

Question 1. Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 1?

A. Bridging the gender gap by 2030 will incur a total definitive cost of exactly 360 billion.

B. Experts warn that achieving gender equality by 2030 demands an extra 360 billion each year.

C. Financial analysts recommend expending 360 billion prior to 2030 to assist marginalized women.

D. By 2030, the gender discrepancy will automatically resolve if 360 billion is deposited into a global fund.

Question 2. The word “This” in paragraph 2 refers to ____________.

A. The CEDAW
B. The foundational Charter

C. A pivotal milestone
D. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights

Question 3. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in paragraph 3 as a primary domain concentrated on by UN Women?

A. leadership
B. economic empowerment        

C. peacebuilding processes
D. child marriage

Question 4. The word “unequivocal” in paragraph 1 is CLOSEST in meaning to ____________.

A. identical
B. conditional
C. ambiguous
D. absolute

Question 5. The word “expedite” in paragraph 3 is OPPOSITE in meaning to ____________.

A. execute
B. accelerate
C. facilitate
D. impede

Question 6. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A. Securing an additional 360 billion annually will automatically guarantee the complete eradication of gender disparities by 2030.

B. The amalgamation of antecedent agencies into UN Women was explicitly initiated to tackle the escalating crisis of child marriage.

C. The Gender Equality Acceleration Plan introduced in 2024 aims to impose new legal frameworks on the governments of UN member states.

D. The deliberate adoption of gender-inclusive terminology is recognized as an effective tool for modifying underlying societal prejudices.

Question 7. In which paragraph does the writer discuss historical legal milestones for women’s rights?

A. Paragraph 3
B. Paragraph 2
C. Paragraph 4
D. Paragraph 1

Question 8. In which paragraph does the writer mention a new strategy to accelerate internal institutional changes within the UN?

A. Paragraph 2
B. Paragraph 3
C. Paragraph 4
D. Paragraph 1

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 15 to 19.

        Big Data refers to extremely large amounts of structured and unstructured information generated from sources such as social media, sensors, and transaction records. It is usually described by three main features: volume, velocity, and variety. Volume means the huge quantity of data produced every day, while velocity describes how quickly new data is created and must be processed. Variety highlights the many forms of data, including text, images, videos, and sensor readings, (15) ____________. To gain value from Big Data, organizations capture, store, analyze, and visualize it to support better decisions. Artificial Intelligence (AI) involves machines that simulate human intelligence and learn from experience.

        Technologies like machine learning, natural language processing, and computer vision allow AI systems to recognize patterns and make predictions with limited human help. (16) ____________, AI can clean and prepare data, discover hidden relationships, and provide real-time insights. This combination also enables predictive models that forecast trends, customer behavior, or equipment failures. Many industries benefit from this partnership: healthcare improves diagnosis, finance detects fraud, retail predicts demand, and manufacturing plans maintenance. (17) ____________. However, challenges such as data privacy, security, and skill shortages remain. To address these issues, organizations must improve data management practices, encourage collaboration, and (18) ____________. Overall, Big Data and AI together help organizations innovate, improve efficiency, and make smarter decisions. (19) ____________.

(Adapted from https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/big-data/how-big-data-and-ai-work-together)

Question 15.

A. showing that information exists in multiple formats across diverse sources

B. to show that information exists in multiple formats across diverse sources

C. which shows information exist in multiple format across diverse sources

D. showed that information exists in multiple formats across diverse sources

Question 16.

A. Unless Big Data and AI work together effectively in organizations

B. Although Big Data and AI work together effectively in organizations

C. When Big Data and AI work together effectively in organizations

D. Because Big Data and AI work together effectively in organizations

Question 17.

A. This allows organizations to improve services and respond to customer needs in dynamic and highly competitive global business environments

B. This prevents companies from using data to predict future trends in highly competitive and rapidly evolving global markets

C. This limits organizations from applying artificial intelligence tools effectively in complex and increasingly demanding professional and operational contexts

D. This reduces the importance of technology in business decision making across diverse sectors and increasingly competitive global industries

Question 18.

A. implement strategies that enhance employees’ capacity to interpret and utilise complex data effectively

B. transfer responsibility for data analysis to external consultants while reducing internal oversight mechanisms

C. minimise investment in staff training while expanding reliance on increasingly sophisticated data systems

D. allocate resources in ways that prioritise short-term efficiency while compromising long-term data accuracy

Question 19.

A. As a result, businesses struggle to apply data-driven strategies effectively

B. Consequently, organizations can achieve sustainable growth through innovation

C. Therefore, challenges prevent firms from improving operational efficiency

D. However, companies avoid using technology in the long-term planning

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best arrangement of utterances or sentences to make a cohesive and coherent exchange or text in each of the following questions from 20 to 24.

Question 20.

A.  Tom: Thank you so much! It means a lot to me after all the effort I’ve put in.

B.  Anna: Congratulations on winning the award! I heard the competition was really tough this year.

C.  Anna: You truly deserve it - your hard work has clearly paid off.

A. b – a – c
B. a – b – c
C. b – c – a
D. c – b – a

Question 21.

A. These developments show how fake news has significantly undermined public trust in digital information and reshaped the modern media landscape.

B. This phenomenon was further intensified by the rise of social media platforms, which allow information to spread rapidly without effective verification mechanisms.

C. Content manipulation also became increasingly common, with edited images, misleading headlines, and fabricated stories circulating widely online.

D. At the same time, fact-checking organizations and media regulators expanded their efforts to detect and reduce misinformation across digital platforms.

e. Between 2010 and 2025, the spread of fake news emerged as a major global issue linked to the transformation of online communication.

A. e – a – d – b – c
B. e – c – b – a – d
C. e – d – c – a – b
D. e – b – c – d – a

Question 22.

Dear Ms. Pham,

A. I would be most grateful if you could inform me of any onboarding procedures or formalities that I should complete in advance.

B. I am writing to express my sincere appreciation for offering me the position at ABC Enterprise.

C. I am highly motivated to contribute to the company and committed to performing to the best of my abilities.

D. Being selected for this role is both an honor and a significant milestone in my professional development.

e. Furthermore, I look forward to collaborating with my future colleagues and contributing to a productive working environment.

Yours sincerely, Thuy Nguyen

A. b – d – a – c – e
B. c – b – d – e – a
C. c – b – a – d – e
D. b – d – c – e – a

Question 23.

A. This decision, however, came at a cost, as it required her to give up a stable position and face an uncertain future.

B. Drawn by the promise of stability and long-term prospects, she entered the field of finance after graduation.

C. In hindsight, it was this period of uncertainty that ultimately helped her gain a deeper understanding of her own aspirations.

D. Only after several years did she begin to realize that it no longer provided the sense of fulfillment she had once expected.

e. As a result, she started to consider alternative career paths, gradually moving towards areas that better matched her interests.

A. d – b – a – e – c
B. b – a – d – e – c
C. b – d – e – a – c
D. d – b – e – a – c

Question 24.

A.  Jack: I’m currently doing an internship at a tech company, mainly assisting with software testing.

B.  Emma: That sounds interesting. I think gaining practical experience is very important for career development.

C.  Jack: You seem quite busy these days. What kind of job are you doing now?

D.  Emma: I’m working as a marketing assistant at a startup. It’s quite demanding, but I’m learning a lot. What about you?

e. Jack: I agree. It’s a great way to build useful skills for the future.

A. c – d – a – b – e
B. c – a – d – b – e
C. a – c – d – e – b
D. d – c – a – e – b

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

Is rewilding actually bad for global biodiversity?

        Between 1990 and 2014, forests in Europe expanded by 13 million hectares, an area roughly the size of Greece – but that came with a cost. Crops consumed in the European Union had to be grown somewhere, so, in other nations –mainly tropical countries – around 11 million hectares of forest was chopped down to make up for the drop in EU production. (I) Such biodiversity leakage is a major problem with conservation and rewilding projects, particularly schemes in higher-income, industrialised countries that tend to have lower biodiversity, says Andrew Balmford at the University of Cambridge, who is among a group of scientists calling for greater attention to be paid to this issue (II).

        Restoring nature in wealthy but nature-depleted parts of the world can lead to a net loss of biodiversity, he argues, by pushing production of food and other products to more wildlife abundant regions. The impact of this is rarely tracked, meaning the benefits of conservation actions are probably overestimated. The UK is one of the world’s most nature-depleted countries, with just half of its biodiversity left. Habitats have been destroyed for building or to harvest food and fuel, causing widespread decline in animal populations. This trend is mirrored in other higher-income, industrialised regions, including other parts of Europe and North America. (III)

        Conservation groups have been championing rewilding to restore indigenous wildlife to nature depleted nations. But if this pushes food or fuel production overseas, it is doing more harm than good, says Balmford. For example, if productive arable farmland in a country like the UK is rewilded, this could lead to increased habitat destruction overseas, as more biodiverse nations increase their production of wheat, barley and oilseed rape to make up the shortfall. The upshot would be a net loss of biodiversity, he says.

        Even projects on low-grade land could have a negative impact, he warns. “In general, rewilding efforts are tending to target lower-yielding farmland, but there is still a yield on farmland very often, so that production will still go overseas,” says Balmford. “We’re effectively increasing our footprint, our offshoring of the problem, and that seems essentially quite an irresponsible thing to do.” (IV) Alister Scott at The Global Rewilding Alliance in Switzerland, expecting conservationists to take responsibility for land productivity elsewhere risks overburdening a movement that is still largely finding its feet. “You’re putting more responsibilities onto nature restoration people when, frankly, I don’t see the beef industry and the timber industry taking any kind of responsibility for their leakage effects,” he says.

(Adapted from New Scientist, issue dated March 22, 2025)

Question 31. The word “that” in paragraph 1 refers to ____________.

A. the consumption of crops in the EU
B. the size of Greece

C. the expansion of forests in Europe
D. the decline in global biodiversity

Question 32. The word “leakage” in paragraph 1 is CLOSEST in meaning to ____________.

A. the unintended transfer of environmental impact to other regions

B. the inequitable distribution of agricultural resources in regions

C. the gradual recovery of biodiversity over time in different regions

D. the loss of species within protected ecosystems in some places

Question 33. The word “lower-yielding” in paragraph 4 is OPPOSITE in meaning to ____________.

A. arid
B. unproductive
C. fertile
D. barren

Question 34. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a consequence of rewilding in higher-income countries?

        A. A reduction in global demand for crops        

        B. Habitat destruction in more biodiverse areas

        C. A shift of environmental pressure to other countries        

        D. Increased agricultural production in tropical regions

Question 35. Where in the passage would the following sentence best fit?

This displacement of environmental costs, as described above, raises concerns about the true effectiveness of local conservation efforts.

A. (II)
B. (IV)
C. (III)
D. (I)

Question 36. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?

A. Conservation benefits are often overestimated due to untracked external impacts

B. Rewilding results in a net gain in global biodiversity and ecological balance

C. Lower-yield farmland has little impact on global production when rewilded

D. Industrial sectors fully account for their environmental leakage effects

Question 37. Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 4?

A. Rewilding is helping solve environmental problems within a country, reducing ecological damage without creating negative impacts in other parts of the world.

B. Rewilding may shift agricultural production abroad, indirectly transferring environmental damage to other regions and increasing global ecological pressure.

C. Conservation efforts are lowering overall environmental pressure worldwide by reducing resource use and protecting biodiversity across regions.

D. Domestic farming becomes more efficient under rewilding policies, allowing countries to maintain productivity while improving environmental sustainability.

Question 38. Which of the following is most strongly implied by the passage?

A. Wealthy, industrialised nations have already made substantial progress in restoring their ecosystems, meaning that further conservation efforts such as rewilding are no longer necessary.

B. Rewilding initiatives should be evaluated in terms of their overall global environmental consequences, rather than being judged solely on their local ecological benefits within individual countries.

C. Biodiversity loss is primarily limited to tropical regions, where most deforestation occurs, while higher-income countries experience relatively stable or improving ecological conditions.

D. The expansion of agricultural production to meet global demand has minimal impact on environmental degradation, as modern farming practices are generally efficient and sustainable.

Question 39. Which of the following best describes the author’s tone in the passage?

A. Cautiously critical, noting unintended consequences of rewilding while acknowledging differing views.

B. Strongly supportive of rewilding as an entirely beneficial strategy for global biodiversity conservation .

C. Completely neutral, presenting only factual information without expressing any evaluation or concern.

D. Highly skeptical and dismissive, rejecting rewilding as an ineffective and harmful approach in all cases.

Question 40. Which of the following best summarises the main idea of the passage?

A. Environmental degradation is largely unrelated to conservation policies, as industrial and agricultural activities have minimal influence on global biodiversity patterns.

B. Rewilding initiatives are widely regarded as an effective strategy for restoring ecosystems and should therefore be implemented on a larger scale across both developed and developing countries.

C. Conservation and rewilding efforts in wealthier nations may inadvertently contribute to biodiversity loss elsewhere by shifting production pressures to more ecologically sensitive regions.

D. The decline in global biodiversity is mainly driven by natural processes rather than human activities such as land use change or resource exploitation.