Read the following announcement and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option...

Read the following leaflet and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 7 to 12.

How to Be More Active

Regular physical activity is good for both body and mind, but getting started can be difficult, especially if you have not exercised (7) ____________ a while. The key is to start small and build more activity into your daily life.

Ways to increase activity

• Stand rather than (8) ____________ whenever possible, such as on bus or train journeys.

• Take the stairs (9) ____________ the lift or walk up escalators when you get the chance.

• Park at the far end of the (10) ____________ to add extra steps.

Get into a routine

• Find something you enjoy so you are more likely to make lasting changes.

• Track your progress and (11) ____________ a daily target to improve your activity levels.

In short, make small changes and get into a routine to stay active in the long term. Over time, your efforts will (12) ____________ and help you maintain better health.

(Adapted from https://www.nhs.uk/better-health)

Question 7.
A. for
B. in
C. during
D. on

Question 8.
A. sitting
B. to sit
C. sit
D. sat

Question 9.
A. in terms of
B. because of
C. instead of
D. in spite of

Question 10. 

A. car public park
B. public park car
C. park public car
D. public car park

Question 11.
A. set
B. miss
C. attack
D. take

Question 12.
A. make off
B. pay off
C. break off
D. call off

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best arrangement of utterances or sentences to make a cohesive and coherent exchange or text in each of the following questions from 13 to 17.

Question 13. 

A.  Nam: Not really. I’ve been feeling quite stressed about my exams.

B.  Tam: You should try taking a short break to relax.

C.  Tam: Have you been sleeping well these days?

A. c – a – b
B. b – a – c
C. b – c – a
D. c – b – a

Question 14         

A.  Minh: I agree. While it’s entertaining, it can sometimes be a waste of time.

B.  Minh: Yes, especially on platforms like TikTok and Instagram.

C.  Lan: That’s true. Some students even say they can’t focus on studying anymore.

D.  Lan: Have you noticed how many students are spending hours watching short videos these days?

e. Lan: We should learn to manage our time better and use social media more wisely.

A. c – a – d – b– e
B. d – a – c – b – e
C. d – b – c – a – e
D. c – b – e – a– d

Question 15.         

Dear Mr Mitchell,

A. We would also like you to confirm whether the post-installation support covers the equipment 24 hours a day.

B. I am writing to ask for an update on the Skipton Airport Project and to raise a few questions.

C. Finally, we would appreciate it if you could provide a quote for extending the support period from 6 to 12 months.

D. First of all, could you please clarify the current issues with the delivery system and when they will be resolved?

e. In addition, we requested a copy of the latest project report but have not received it yet.

Yours sincerely,

Ian McAdam

A. b – d – e – a – c
B. d – b – e – a – c
C. b – e – d – a – c
D. d – e – b – a – c

Question 16.        

A. I rarely paid attention in class and often ignored feedback, which caused my performance to gradually decline over time.        

B. Overtime, I realised that my indifference was affecting my learning and preventing me from reaching my full potential.

C. Looking back, I have learned that staying engaged and taking responsibility are essential for meaningful progress.

D. I used to feel indifferent towards my studies and did not see the importance of putting in consistent effort.

e. So I decided to change my attitude by becoming more active in class, listening carefully, and completing my work more responsibly.

A. d – a – b – e – c
B. c – d – b – a – e
C. b – d – a – e – c
D. d – b – a – e – c

Question 17.        

A. As a result, photographers are adapting their services by offering faster delivery, simpler pricing, and more creative content, although these changes also create challenges for professionals.

B. In recent years, senior photography trends have changed significantly, reflecting new preferences among young clients.

C. Many seniors now prefer natural and candid photos instead of stiff, carefully posed images that were common in the past.

D. This shift is largely influenced by social media, where authenticity and individuality are highly valued by today’s generation.

e. They are also looking for more personalised sessions, choosing meaningful locations, outfits, and props that express their identity.

A. b – e – c – d – a
B. a – b – c – e – d
C. b – c – e – d – a
D. c – b – e – d – a

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22.

        Have you ever wondered how your beliefs about yourself shape the way you think and behave in different situations? In psychology, these beliefs are known as self-schemas, (18) ____________. Formed through past experiences and social interactions, self-schemas influence how people perceive their abilities, personality traits, and patterns of behaviour. (19) ____________.

        Self-schemas can be observed in a wide range of everyday contexts. For instance, a person who believes they are shy may feel anxious in social situations and avoid speaking in public. In contrast, someone who views themselves as confident is more likely to participate actively in similar situations. In this way, (20) ____________., often reinforcing existing self-perceptions over time.

        This cognitive framework also affects how information is processed. People tend to focus on experiences that are consistent with their self-schemas while overlooking those that are not. They may interpret events in ways that confirm their existing beliefs, (21) ____________. Over time, such selective processing can strengthen self-schemas and make them more resistant to change.

        The influence of self-schemas extends to decision-making and personal development. Individuals with positive self-schemas (22) ____________, whereas negative self-schemas may limit confidence and hinder progress. Therefore, recognising these patterns and challenging unhelpful beliefs are essential steps towards developing a more balanced and adaptive self-concept.

(Adapted from https://www.verywellmind.com)

Question 18.        

A. which refer to cognitive frameworks that help individuals organise and interpret information about themselves

B. referring to the situations in which people evaluate others based on common social expectations

C. each of which refers to internal structures shaping how individuals perceive their own abilities and behaviour

D. when they are used to describe the ways people think about themselves in different social situations

Question 19.        

A. This may seem obvious, yet people are not always aware of how such beliefs influence their behaviour

B. As a result, individuals tend to develop expectations about how they are likely to think, feel, and act.

C. For example, many people try to change their behaviour in order to improve their social relationships

D. In contrast, some individuals behave differently depending on the situations they encounter

Question 20.        

A. self-schemas shape how people understand their experiences in different situations and contexts

B. self-schemas influence how individuals behave based on their beliefs in various situations

C. self-schemas shape how individuals interpret experiences and influence how they respond in situations

D. self-schemas affect behaviour depending on how people view themselves in different situations

Question 21.        

A. reflecting how people understand events and form views about themselves

B. showing how past events shape the way people see themselves

C. encouraging people to rethink their beliefs and judge events more carefully

D. leading to a stable but sometimes biased view of themselves

Question 22.        

A. who tend to have better performance in related areas over time

B. are more likely to perform well in related areas over time

C. being more likely to perform well in related areas over time

D. better performance in related areas is likely to be achieved

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

        Amidst a global fossil fuel crisis, Australia faces a significant inflection point regarding its energy future. For years, the fossil fuel sector has employed deceptive tactics, such as "astroturfing" and false advertising, to manipulate public opinion and create division. These distortions have often hidden the country's unique opportunity to control its abundant sun and wind resources. However, recent international supply shocks have clearly illustrated the economic vulnerability and fragility caused by a reliance on traditional energy sources.

        The transition to clean energy is increasingly viewed not just as a moral concern, but as an essential security policy. Unlike fossil fuels, renewable energy sources cannot be blockaded or weaponised by foreign powers; as noted by the UN, they are not subject to price spikes for sunlight or embargos on the wind. In countries like Germany, this desire for economic stability and independence is driving a massive boost in onshore wind projects. Similarly, the UK is implementing policies to require rooftop solar and heat pumps for all new homes by 2028.

        In Australia, the potential for a systematic shift is immense, especially since cities like Brisbane receive more than double the sunlight of London. Strategic investments in renewables are expected to inject $68 billion into the economy over the next five years. Every home battery and electric vehicle installed contributes to a more resilient electricity grid and reduces financial exposure to volatile global markets.

        To secure this future, advocates must speak collectively and urgently to reclaim the narrative. By framing the clean energy transition in terms of financial benefits and economic stability, rather than just environmental concern, it becomes much more appealing to the general public. Ultimately, accelerating the shift to renewables is the only way to ensure a sustainable and secure economy that remains protected from future global volatility.

(Adapted from https://www.theguardian.com)

Question 23. The word “distortions” in paragraph 1 mostly means ____________.

A. deviations
B. explanations
C. improvements
D. modifications

Question 24. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in paragraph 2 as a reason clean energy is viewed as a "security policy"?

A. It requires expensive international supply lines
B. It is not subject to price spikes for sunlight.

C. It cannot be weaponized like fossil fuels.
D. It cannot be blockaded by foreign powers.

Question 25: The word “they” in paragraph 2 refers to ____________.

A. fossil fuels
B. foreign powers
C. renewable energy sources
D. price spikes

Question 26. The word “immense” in paragraph 3 is OPPOSITE in meaning to ____________.

A. monumental
B. insignificant
C. systematic
D. enormous

Question 27. Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 3?

A. Utilizing domestic energy storage and electric cars helps stabilize the power network and lessens the impact of global price fluctuations.

B. International markets become less volatile only when households install batteries and buy electric vehicles.

C. The resilience of the electricity grid is threatened by the high cost of home batteries and electric vehicles in global markets.

D. Global market exposure is increased whenever households choose to install new energy-saving technologies.

Question 28. Which of the following is TRUE according to paragraph 3?

A. Australian cities such as Brisbane receive significantly less annual sunlight than cities like London.

B. Australian economy is expected to invest $68 million in renewable energy projects.

C. Resilient energy grids are mainly developed using traditional fossil fuel infrastructure systems.

D. Strategic investments in clean energy can provide a significant boost to the national economy.

Question 29. Which paragraph discusses international policy examples to demonstrate energy independence?

A. Paragraph 1
B. Paragraph 4
C. Paragraph 2
D. Paragraph 3

Question 30. Which paragraph mentions the deceptive tactics used by the fossil fuel sector to influence the public?

A. Paragraph 4
B. Paragraph 1
C. Paragraph 3
D. Paragraph 2

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

        The United Kingdom is currently dealing with a serious green skills gap, a structural bottleneck that threatens the transition toward a circular economy and the attainment of net-zero targets. Despite the existence of a substantial pool of hundreds of thousands of unemployed graduates, a stark misalignment persists between academic output and industry requirements. This discrepancy is exacerbated by an ageing workforce and an increasing demand for advanced digital and data capabilities; yet, the sector remains hamstrung by its inability to effectively bridge this green skills gap between available talent and evolving technical requirements [I].

        This deficit is rooted in multifaceted barriers to entry, chief among them being a pervasive reputational stigma. The waste management sector is frequently misconstrued as a domain of manual labour rather than a hub for professional consultancy, compliance, and technological innovation. Consequently, many high-calibre candidates overlook these career pathways, deterred by a lack of visibility and the daunting “experience trap” - whereby entry-level roles paradoxically demand beforehand work experience. [II] Furthermore, the long and uncertain nature of graduate recruitment processes often drives prospective recruits away from environmental sectors before they can secure a foothold [III].

        Addressing this disconnect necessitates a holistic, whole-career approach rather than piecemeal interventions. [IV] While intern programmes and practical placements offer vital channels for entry, long-term success hinges on robust collaboration between academia, industry, and regulators. Strategic initiatives, such as those identifying future-facing skills in artificial intelligence and resource efficiency, aim to recalibrate educational provisions with actual industry demand. Ultimately, unless the sector can successfully demystify its roles and narrow the green skills gap, the structural reform required for a sustainable future will remain frustratingly out of reach.

(Adapted from https://www.circularonline.co.uk)

Question 31. According to paragraph 1, the "green skills gap" in the United Kingdom is described as a paradox because ____________.

A. it persists despite the availability of a significant graduate talent pool

B. academic output has successfully met industry requirements for a circular economy

C. it has speeded up the attainment of net-zero targets despite structural bottlenecks

D. the growing demand for digital data has outpaced the aging workforce’s capabilities

Question 32. Which of the following best summarises paragraph 1?

A. Structural bottlenecks are primarily caused by the existing talent pool failing to satisfy industry imperatives.

B. Attaining net-zero targets is impossible without first addressing the aging workforce in the UK.

C. Digital and data capabilities are the only factors currently impeding the green sector.

D. A fundamental disconnect exists between educational output and the technical needs of the industry.

Question 33. The word “stigma” in paragraph 2 mostly means ____________.

A. difficulty
B. priority
C. belief
D. dishonor

Question 34. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in paragraph 2 as a factor preventing candidates from entering the sector?

A. Misconceptions regarding the professional and innovative nature of the work.

B. A lack of clarity regarding the professional opportunities available to graduates.

C. The lack of competitive salaries compared to consultancy roles.

D. Recruitment cycles that are perceived as being overly long or unpredictable.

Question 35. The word “they” in paragraph 2 refers to ____________.

A. environmental sectors
B. recruitment processes         

C. prospective recruits
D. entry-level roles         

Question 36. Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 3?

A. Resolving the misalignment requires comprehensive, lifelong strategies instead of fragmented, small-scale efforts.

B. Not until piecemeal interventions are abandoned can the sector adopt a holistic approach to career development.

C. A holistic approach is necessary to ensure that piecemeal interventions do not threaten long-term success.

D. Only by focusing on separate, individual interventions can the whole-career disconnect be properly addressed.

Question 37. According to the passage, the view that the waste management sector is a domain of manual labour is mentioned as ____________.

A. a strategic branding choice to attract high-calibre candidates

B. a structural requirement for the transition to a sustainable future

C. a pervasive industry perception reflecting the sector's traditional operational focus

D. a widespread assumption that belies the sector's professional complexities

Question 38. Which of the following can be inferred from the discussion of the "experience trap"?

A. Young graduates are unwilling to accept entry-level roles due to a lack of professional exposure.

B. The industry prioritizes practical manual labour over professional consultancy experience.

C. Entry-level positions are often inaccessible to the very demographic they are intended for.

D. Prior professional exposure is only valuable if gained within the circular economy.

Question 39. Where in the passage does the following sentence best fit?

This negative perception creates a psychological barrier that prevents top-tier students from even considering environmental engineering.

A. [I]
B. [II]
C. [III]
D. [IV]

Question 40. Which of the following best summarises the passage?

A. Overcoming the green skills gap requires aligning education with industry and reforming recruitment perceptions.

B. The UK's green transition is failing primarily because graduates lack the digital skills required for AI.

C. Securing structural reform for a sustainable future requires successfully demystifying all professional industry roles.

D. The sector must abandon its focus on professional consultancy to attract the unemployed graduate pool.