Read the following announcement and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option...

Read the following leaflet and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 7 to 12.

Walking for Better Health

        Walking is simple, free, and one of the easiest ways to get more active and become healthier. Sometimes overlooked as a form of exercise, walking briskly can help you build stamina, (7) ____________ excess calories, and make your heart healthier.

        You do not have to walk for hours. (8) ____________, a brisk 10-minute daily walk has lots of health benefits and counts towards your weekly exercise.

Before you start

• Choose comfortable shoes that provide adequate support and do not cause blisters.

• For longer walks, take water, healthy snacks, and a (9) ____________.

Stay motivated

• (10) ____________ a daily walking routine.

• Try walking part of your journey, using the stairs, or walking (11) ____________ friends.

        In short: Walking regularly can help you stay active, (12) ____________ your fitness, and enjoy a healthier lifestyle.

 (Adapted from https://www.nhs.uk/live-well)

Question 7.
A. burn
B. consume
C. reduce
D. use

Question 8.
A. In turn
B. In case
C. In fact
D. In theory

Question 9.
A. travel small backpack
B. backpack small travel        

C. small travel backpack
D. small backpack travel

Question 10.
A. Live by
B. Stand by
C. Hold to
D. Stick to

Question 11.
A. with
B. to
C. for
D. in

Question 12.
A. to improve
B. improve
C. improving
D. improved

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best arrangement of utterances or sentences to make a cohesive and coherent exchange or text in each of the following questions from 13 to 17.

Question 13.        

A.  Van: Not really. I’ve been busy preparing for the final exam next week.

B.  Hoa: Why don’t you take a short break? It might help you feel more relaxed.

C.  Hoa: Have you had time to relax lately?

A. c – a – b
B. b – a – c
C. b – c – a
D. c – b – a

Question 14.         

A.  Lan: That’s a good point. We should also check reliable sources before sharing anything.

B.  Minh: Yes, and it’s becoming harder to tell what is real and what is not.

C.  Minh: I agree. People need to be more careful when reading and sharing information.

D.  Lan: Have you noticed how AI-generated content is appearing everywhere online these days?

e. Lan: Exactly. That’s why I think digital literacy is more important than ever.

A. a – c – d – b– e
B. e – b – d – c – a
C. d – b – a – c – e
D. a – b – d – c– e

Question 15.         

Dear Ms Smith,

A. I have enclosed my completed application form and hope that my request will be approved soon.

B. I understand that opening a credit account will help me manage my payments more easily.

C. As a loyal customer, I have been using your services for a long time and would like to continue doing so.

D. I am writing this letter to request the opening of a credit account with your company.

e. Thank you for your time and consideration. I look forward to your response.

Yours sincerely,

A. d – c – b – a – e
B. c – d – b – a – e
C. d – b – c – a – e
D. c – b – d – a – e

Question 16.        

A. I even made careless mistakes in tests, which surprised me because I had assumed I would perform well without much preparation.

B. Overtime, I realised that my overconfidence was actually preventing me from improving and achieving better results.

C. Looking back, I have learned that confidence should be balanced with effort, and that consistent practice is the key to real progress.

D. I used to feel very confident about my abilities and often believed that I did not need to study as much as others.

e. So I decided to change my approach by studying more regularly, reviewing my mistakes, and asking for help when needed.

A. d – a – b – e – c
B. c – d – b – a – e
C. b – d – a – e – c
D. d – b – a – e – c

Question 17.         

A. These patterns clearly highlight how Generation Z’s behaviour has evolved in response to rapid technological and social changes in recent years.

B. Interestingly, some young people are beginning to set boundaries with technology, such as limiting screen time or taking regular breaks from social media to improve their well being.

C. Digital platforms and social media now play a central role in shaping their daily habits, influencing how they communicate, work, and spend their free time.

D. Their attitudes have also shifted, with many prioritizing flexibility, independence, and personal fulfillment over traditional expectations in both work and lifestyle.

e. Over the past decade, the behaviour of Generation Z has undergone significant changes, moving away from fixed routines toward more flexible and individualised ways of living.

A. e – c – b – d – a
B. a – d – c – b – e
C. e – c – d – b – a
D. c – e – a – d – b

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22.

        Have you ever found that events appear far more predictable once they have already taken place? In psychology, this tendency is known as hindsight bias, (18) ____________. Prior to an event, individuals may attempt to anticipate the outcome though there is no certainty about what will happen. However, once the result is known, many become convinced that they had anticipated it all along. (19) ____________.

        Hindsight bias is evident in a wide range of everyday contexts. For instance, after a sports match or an election, individuals frequently claim that they had expected the result. In reality, their initial judgments may have been far less certain. Instead, they tend to reconstruct their earlier predictions in a way that aligns with the known outcome, (20) ____________. This distortion of memory is closely linked to the human tendency to favour information that confirms their current beliefs.

        The effects of hindsight bias can also be observed in educational settings. When students read academic material, the information may appear straightforward and easily understood. (21) ____________. Nevertheless, when faced with an examination, they often realise that their understanding is less complete than they had believed.

        Overall, hindsight bias can foster overconfidence and lead to poor decision-making. Individuals overestimating their ability to predict outcomes (22) ____________. Therefore, recognising this bias and considering alternative possibilities are essential steps towards more balanced and rational thinking.

(Adapted from https://www.verywellmind.com)

Question 18.        

A. which refers to people’s inclination to perceive past events as more foreseeable than they actually are

B. referring to situations in which people try to improve their ability to predict future events accurately

C. each of which refers to the tendency to see past events as easier to predict than they are in reality

D. when people assume that past events were clear and expected before they actually happen

Question 19.        

A. This may seem surprising, as people are often unaware of how their judgments are influenced

B. This tendency can have a significant influence on both beliefs and subsequent behaviour

C. In addition, people frequently make predictions about future events in everyday situations

D. For this reason, individuals often try to improve their ability to predict outcomes accurately

Question 20.        

A. leaving them more confident in their ability to predict outcomes

B. reflecting changes in how people understand past events

C. leading them to overestimate their original accuracy

D. reinforcing the belief that future events are always predictable

Question 21.        

A. Students, for example, may use different strategies when they study new or unfamiliar academic material

B. Some students may become confused by the material and therefore spend more time reviewing it carefully

C. Some learners, however, prefer to focus on more detailed explanations when they find the material difficult

D. Students may assume that they have already mastered the content and, as a result, reduce their study effort

Question 22.        

A. may be more likely to take unnecessary risks in important decisions

B. being more likely to take unnecessary risks in important decisions

C. unnecessary risks in important decisions are more likely to be taken

D. be more likely to take unnecessary risks in important decisions

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

        Arising from the mid-to-late 20th-century integration of computer technology into medicine, digital health has become a transformative force in modern healthcare landscape. According to the World Health Organization, it involves using technology and internet-based tools for diagnosing, monitoring, and preventing diseases. By applying these strategic tools, medical professionals can improve patient care and health outcomes for entire populations. This shift was especially vital during the COVID-19 pandemic, where telemedicine helped maintain services and strengthen epidemic surveillance.

        Traditional systems often struggle with diagnostic errors and unfair resource allocation. Digital tools, such as Electronic Health Records (EHRs), solve these problems by centralizing medical data and allowing patients to participate more actively in their own care. These devices allow doctors to make more accurate decisions based on real-time information. Furthermore, digital therapeutics can lower costs and reduce regional gaps in access, making quality care available to more people.

        Remote Patient Monitoring (RPM) systems are especially effective for managing chronic conditions. These systems collect data continuously, providing early warnings that can reduce heart failure readmissions by up to 22%. Modern implementations also rely on artificial intelligence and sensor networks to turn data into useful clinical insights. To be successful, these systems must ensure that data remains secure and private.

        While it seems modern, the roots of this field go back to the mid-20th century with early telemedicine experiments in 1959. Today, the ecosystem includes wearable devices and big data analytics. As healthcare organizations adopt these trends, international policies now focus on building resilient systems that are both sustainable and fair.

(Adapted from https://www.frontiersin.org)

Question 23. The word “strategic” in paragraph 1 mostly means ____________.

A. essential
B. standard
C. developed
D. trivial

Question 24. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in paragraph 1 as a purpose of digital health according to the WHO?

A. monitoring diseases
B. diagnosing diseases                 

C. preventing diseases
D. eradicating diseases

Question 25. The word “their” in paragraph 2 refers to ____________.

A. traditional systems’
B. diagnostic errors’                 

C. patients’
D. digital tools’

Question 26. Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 2?

A. Digital therapeutics help make quality healthcare more affordable and accessible regardless of location.

B. Only by increasing regional gaps can digital therapeutics lower the overall cost of quality care.

C. Quality care is becoming more expensive for people despite the introduction of digital therapeutics.

D. Higher expenses and geographic barriers are often caused by the rise of digital therapeutics.

Question 27. The word “chronic” in paragraph 3 is OPPOSITE in meaning to ____________.

A. timely
B. fatal
C. acute
D. widespread

Question 28. Which of the following is TRUE according to paragraph 3?

A. RPM systems are primarily designed to replace the need for professional medical intervention.

B. Monitoring technology reduces heart failure rehospitalization by nearly a quarter.

C. Sensor networks have reduced cardiovascular mortality by up to 22%.

D. Digital systems should favor data exchange volume over privacy protection.

Question 29. Which paragraph approaches the historical origins of the digital health field?

A. Paragraph 2
B. Paragraph 3
C. Paragraph 4
D. Paragraph 1

Question 30. Which paragraph mentions the unified data promoting patient autonomy?

A. Paragraph 3
B. Paragraph 1
C. Paragraph 4
D. Paragraph 2

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

        The United Kingdom is currently dealing with a serious green skills gap, a structural bottleneck that threatens the transition toward a circular economy and the attainment of net-zero targets. Despite the existence of a substantial pool of hundreds of thousands of unemployed graduates, a stark misalignment persists between academic output and industry requirements. This discrepancy is exacerbated by an ageing workforce and an increasing demand for advanced digital and data capabilities; yet, the sector remains hamstrung by its inability to effectively bridge this green skills gap between available talent and evolving technical requirements [I].

        This deficit is rooted in multifaceted barriers to entry, chief among them being a pervasive reputational stigma. The waste management sector is frequently misconstrued as a domain of manual labour rather than a hub for professional consultancy, compliance, and technological innovation. Consequently, many high-calibre candidates overlook these career pathways, deterred by a lack of visibility and the daunting “experience trap” - whereby entry-level roles paradoxically demand beforehand work experience. [II] Furthermore, the long and uncertain nature of graduate recruitment processes often drives prospective recruits away from environmental sectors before they can secure a foothold [III].

        Addressing this disconnect necessitates a holistic, whole-career approach rather than piecemeal interventions. [IV] While intern programmes and practical placements offer vital channels for entry, long-term success hinges on robust collaboration between academia, industry, and regulators. Strategic initiatives, such as those identifying future-facing skills in artificial intelligence and resource efficiency, aim to recalibrate educational provisions with actual industry demand. Ultimately, unless the sector can successfully demystify its roles and narrow the green skills gap, the structural reform required for a sustainable future will remain frustratingly out of reach.

(Adapted from https://www.circularonline.co.uk)

Question 31. According to paragraph 1, the "green skills gap" in the United Kingdom is described as a paradox because ____________.

A. it has speeded up the attainment of net-zero targets despite structural bottlenecks

B. the growing demand for digital data has outpaced the aging workforce’s capabilities

C. it persists despite the availability of a significant graduate talent pool

D. academic output has successfully met industry requirements for a circular economy

Question 32. The word “hamstrung” in paragraph 1 mostly means ____________.

A. empowered
B. restricted
C. adjusted
D. neglected

Question 33. Which of the following best summarises paragraph 1?

A. Digital and data capabilities are the only factors currently impeding the green sector.

B. A fundamental disconnect exists between educational output and the technical needs of the industry.

C. Structural bottlenecks are primarily caused by the existing talent pool failing to satisfy industry imperatives.

D. Attaining net-zero targets is impossible without first addressing the aging workforce in the UK.

Question 34. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in paragraph 2 as a factor preventing candidates from entering the sector?

A. The high cost of the specialized degrees required for environmental consultancy.

B. Misconceptions regarding the professional and innovative nature of the work.

C. A lack of clarity regarding the professional opportunities available to graduates.

D. Recruitment cycles that are perceived as being overly long or unpredictable.

Question 35. The word “they” in paragraph 2 refers to ____________.

A. recruitment processes
B. entry-level roles         

C. environmental sectors
D. prospective recruits

Question 36. Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 3?

A. Not until piecemeal interventions are abandoned can the sector adopt a holistic approach to career development.

B. A holistic approach is necessary to ensure that piecemeal interventions do not threaten long-term success.

C. Only by focusing on separate, individual interventions can the whole-career disconnect be properly addressed.

D. Resolving the misalignment requires comprehensive, lifelong strategies instead of fragmented, small-scale efforts.

Question 37. According to the passage, the view that the waste management sector is a domain of manual labour is mentioned as ____________.

A. a pervasive industry perception reflecting the sector's traditional operational focus

B. a widespread assumption that belies the sector's professional complexities

C. a strategic branding choice to attract high-calibre candidates

D. a structural requirement for the transition to a sustainable future

Question 38. Which of the following can be inferred from the discussion of the "experience trap"?

A. Entry-level positions are often inaccessible to the very demographic they are intended for.

B. Young graduates are unwilling to accept entry-level roles due to a lack of professional exposure.

C. The industry prioritizes practical manual labour over professional consultancy experience.

D. Prior professional exposure is only valuable if gained within the circular economy.

Question 39. Where in the passage does the following sentence best fit?

This negative perception creates a psychological barrier that prevents top-tier students from even considering environmental engineering.

A. [I]
B. [III]
C. [II]
D. [IV]

Question 40. Which of the following best summarises the passage?

A. The UK's green transition is failing primarily because graduates lack the digital skills required for AI.

B. Overcoming the green skills gap requires aligning education with industry and reforming recruitment perceptions.

C. Securing structural reform for a sustainable future requires successfully demystifying all professional industry roles.

D. The sector must abandon its focus on professional consultancy to attract the unemployed graduate pool.