Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best arrangement of utterances or sentences...

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22.

Italian City Restricts Foreign Food

        Until recently, Italians mostly ate traditional dishes, but increased immigration over the past decade has introduced new culinary traditions. As a result, restaurants serving foreign food have become more common in several cities. (18) ____________. For instance, the historic town of Lucca, located about 60 kilometers from Florence, (19) ____________. According to local authorities, this measure aims to protect the town’s cultural identity and maintain its long-established food traditions. Consequently, new foreign food businesses are no longer allowed in certain parts of the town.

        The decision has triggered a heated debate. Italy’s agriculture minister supports the ban, claiming that national culture must be defended in a globalized world. (20) ____________. For example, tomatoes were first cultivated in South America, and some historians suggest that pasta may have Asian origins.

        Politics also affects this issue, particularly in northern Italy, where right-wing parties often promote anti-immigration opinions. (21) ____________, because low-quality imported products are sometimes sold as traditional Italian specialties. Although tradition is important, (22) ____________. It allows new ideas, tastes, and experiences to enrich everyday life while respecting local heritage.

(Adapted from https://english-online.at/culture)

Question 18:

A. Some restaurants have redesigned their interiors to reflect a blend of cultures

B. They have changed the way food is served in local and foreign restaurants

C. This change has caused strong reactions among some local communities

D. Restaurants now experiment with menus that mix local and foreign ingredients

Question 19:

A. deciding to ban the launch of the kebab shops and Chinese restaurants in the quarter of the old city

B. they decided that the shops selling kebab and Chinese food in the city center should be closed

C. which has made a decision to close the kebab shops and Chinese restaurants in the city quarter

D. has decided to stop the opening of new kebab shops and Chinese restaurants in its old city center

Question 20:

A. However, many people argue that some foods from other countries are not considered typically Italian

B. Conversely, critics disagree, arguing that many foods considered “typically Italian” came from other countries

C. Therefore, critics argue that labeling a dish as typical Italian food can be misleading, as it may come from abroad

D. Besides, some food historians believe that not all dishes called typical Italian foods originally come from Italy

Question 21:

A. At the same time, some locals worry about the authenticity of food

B. It is worrying that local people approve of the production of authentic food

C. People are worried that the flavor of special Italian food will be lost

D. Hence, local residents disapprove of the new food restriction policy

Question 22:

A. scholars point out authentic recipes can vary significantly from one region to another

B. food festivals in Italy now include international cuisines alongside local specialties

C. politicians argue it is important to prevent cultural exchange and preserve traditions

D. many people think that cultural exchange is natural and valuable in modern society

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

        Digital amnesia is becoming a serious issue in our world today. This phenomenon happens when people depend too much on their electronic devices to store information. Many individuals cannot remember their friends' phone numbers or important dates because smartphones keep this data safely. Instead of using our own brains to remember things, we trust technology to do the work for us. This shift in how we use memory is happening everywhere, affecting both young and old people around the globe.

        The consequences of this growing dependency are quite concerning. When our devices break down or information gets lost, we suddenly face real problems because essential data disappears. We lose access to crucial information that we should have remembered ourselves. Security also becomes a big worry because people forget their passwords and rely too much on automatic storage features. The report from Kaspersky shows that this habit weakens not only our memory but also our protection against cyber threats.

        Additionally, both teenagers and adults struggle with this challenge equally. Nobody is safe from this trend because almost everyone uses mobile devices every day. Whether you are a student or a professional, you probably depend on your gadget for basic information. This universal issue shows how technology has changed the way our minds work. We have become comfortable with outsourcing our memory to machines instead of training our brains.

        To solve this problem, experts suggest developing better digital habits immediately. People need to improve their cybersecurity awareness and practice safer methods of managing their information. Instead of relying completely on devices, individuals should make an effort to remember important details. By taking responsibility for their own memory and data protection, users can reduce risks and build healthier relationships with technology. This requires conscious effort and discipline from everyone.

(Adapted from https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/mk)

Question 23: According to the passage, which of the following is NOT mentioned as a problem caused by digital amnesia?

A. People forget their friends' phone numbers and important dates

B. Weakened memory and reduced protection against cyber threats

C. Increased expenses on purchasing new electronic devices

D. Loss of access to crucial information when devices fail or break down

Question 24: The word “their” in paragraph 1 refers to ____________.

A. many individuals
B. people around the globe
C. smartphones
D. friends

Question 25: The word “dependency” in paragraph 2 is OPPOSITE in meaning to ____________.

A. reliability
B. vulnerability
C. autonomy
D. awareness

Question 26: The word “outsourcing” in paragraph 3 could be best replaced by ____________.

A. delegating
B. storing
C. monitoring
D. protecting

Question 27: Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 4?

A. Individuals must diminish technological dependence and preserve critical memory capabilities.

B. Persons should curtail device utilization while exercising cognitive retention of vital information.

C. Rather than complete reliance on devices, people should restore memorization proficiency.

D. Rather than depend fully on devices, people should try to memorize important facts themselves.

Question 28: Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A. Teenagers are more prone to digital amnesia than adults due to higher frequency of device usage

B. Experts recommend completely stopping technological devices usage to solve digital amnesia.

C. When devices fail, people face serious problems without memorized information.

D. Digital amnesia affects memory capacity, doesn’t threaten cybersecurity protection.

Question 29: In which paragraph does the writer mention what digital amnesia is?

A. Paragraph 4
B. Paragraph 3
C. Paragraph 2
D. Paragraph 1

Question 30: In which paragraph does the writer discuss recommendations for developing better digital habits?

A. Paragraph 4
B. Paragraph 1
C. Paragraph 2
D. Paragraph 3

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

        A copycat crime describes a criminal action where someone imitates another offense that has previously received public attention. The phrase “monkey see, monkey do” perfectly captures how these offenders replicate what they have witnessed through various channels. The original wrongdoing usually gains extensive media coverage through television, newspapers, or social platforms, which then inspires vulnerable individuals to commit similar acts. [I] This phenomenon demonstrates the powerful connection between media exposure and criminal behavior in modern society.

        Research indicates that media presentation significantly shapes copycat conduct. [II] When crimes are reported with dramatic details and sensational language, they unintentionally provide susceptible people with ideas or feelings of connection to the initial offender. High-profile violent incidents like mass shootings or serial killings particularly tend to encourage imitation, though lesser crimes can also be duplicated. The intensity of reporting, combined with graphic descriptions, amplifies the risk of copycat incidents occurring within communities.

        Multiple circumstances determine whether someone will commit a copycat offense. [III] The amount of media attention received, personal similarities between offenders, and the psychological condition of the individual all contribute significantly. Additionally, easy access to information through digital platforms increases opportunities for potential criminals to learn details about previous cases. Understanding these factors helps authorities and journalists recognize their responsibility in preventing such occurrences from spreading throughout society.

        To address this serious concern, specialists recommend implementing more conscientious and measured media reporting practices. [IV] News organizations should avoid sensational coverage that glorifies criminal behavior or provides step-by-step instructions. By reducing unnecessary details and avoiding dramatic storytelling, media outlets can substantially decrease copycat crime rates. This balanced approach protects public safety while maintaining journalistic integrity and social responsibility in reporting significant events to audiences worldwide.

(Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copycat_crime/mk)

Question 31: The phrase “monkey see, monkey do” in paragraph 1 mostly means ____________.

A. set apart from
B. take after
C. give up on
D. look up to

Question 32: Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?

A. High-profile violent crimes like mass shootings tend to encourage imitation more than lesser offenses

B. The specific legal penalties that copycat criminals receive compared to original offenders

C. Digital platforms increase opportunities for potential criminals to access details about previous cases

D. Media presentation significantly influences how people understand criminal behavior

Question 33: The word “sensational” in paragraph 2 is OPPOSITE in meaning to ____________.

A. dramatic
B. striking
C. inflammatory
D. factual

Question 34: Which of the following best summarises paragraph 3?

A. Mental health treatment could eliminate copycat crime risks driven by psychological conditions.

B. Journalists are solely responsible for copycat crimes, requiring total media silence on criminal reports.

C. Understanding copycat crime factors helps officials and media prevent future occurrences.

D. Digital platforms solely enable copycat crimes, so, restricting the internet is the most effective prevention.

Question 35: The word “their” in paragraph 3 refers to ____________.

A. authorities and journalists

B. the factors determining if someone will commit a copycat offense

C. the psychological condition of those who commit copycat crimes

D. platforms and criminals

Question 36: Where in the passage does the following sentence best fit?

The way the media reports crimes significantly influences how people perceive criminal behavior.

A. [I]
B. [III]
C. [IV]
D. [II]

Question 37: Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 4?

A. News media should reduce sensationalism and maintain comprehensive reporting to cut copycat crimes.

B. Media must reduce dramatic, detailed coverage to improve safety and discourage copycats.

C. Media can cut copycat crime by encouraging sensationalism and unnecessary details.

D. Restricting media coverage and eliminating complete information about crimes will stop copycat crimes.

Question 38: Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A. Eliminating all crime reports is the only effective method for preventing copycat offenses completely.

B. Media attention has no effect on whether individuals decide to commit copycat crimes in society.

C. Psychological condition, media attention, and personal similarities influence copycat crime behavior significantly.

D. Journalists should provide detailed instructions about crimes to inform vulnerable individuals more effectively.

Question 39: Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

A. The passage says media deliberately instructs vulnerable individuals to commit crimes.

B. Digital platforms have made it easier for potential offenders to access crime details than traditional media.

C. Psychological conditions alone, without media exposure or similarities, are sufficient for copycat offenses.

D. Vulnerable people often feel compelled to imitate sensationalized crime coverage.

Question 40: Which of the following best summarises the passage?

A. Offender psychology and personal similarities drive copycat crimes more than media coverage, which plays only a minor role.

B. Responsible journalism can mitigate copycat crimes, which are fueled by personal similarities, media, psychological, and digital factors.

C. Copycat offenders often learn criminal techniques from detailed instructions in media coverage.

D. Media coverage significantly influences copycat crimes but it is not the sole cause of them.

Read the following advertisement and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks 1 to 6.

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Have you ever dreamed of (1) ____________ the stars and exploring the mysteries of outer space? With CosmoVentures, your dream becomes reality - an unforgettable mix of adventure, luxury, and advanced technology.

Why Choose CosmoVentures?

Advanced Spacecraft: (2) ____________ with the latest technology, our spacecraft ensure safety and comfort for all passengers.

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Expert Training: All participants receive (4) ____________ training to prepare for an unforgettable experience in zero gravity.

Start Your Cosmic Adventure Today

Visit CosmoVentures.com to learn more and book your ticket to the stars. Discover how we (5) ____________ the gap between dreams and reality.

As you gear up for this extraordinary adventure, our team will make sure you are fully prepared to (6) ____________ the challenges of space exploration. Let’s shape the future of travel, one journey at a time.

(Adapted from https://www.nasa.gov/humans-in-space)

Question 1: A. reach
B. to reach
C. reaching
D. reached

Question 2: A. Have equippedB. Being equipped
C. To equip
D. Equipped

Question 3: A. propulsion of innovative highly
B. highly innovative propulsion

C. highly propulsion innovative
D. innovative highly propulsion

Question 4: A. comprehensive
B. comprehension
C. comprehensible
D. comprehend

Question 5: A. break
B. widen
C. lift
D. bridge

Question 6: A. take after
B. take to
C. take on
D. take up

Read the following leaflet and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 7 to 12.

Green Tech Innovations in 2026

Over the past few years, environmental technology (7) ____________ incredible progress with five innovations. They are shaping the green revolution and giving everyone a chance to put sustainable ideas into (8) ____________.

• Low-carbon construction and smart buildings – reduce harmful emissions and save energy while improving comfort.

• Carbon capture and storage systems – capture CO₂ from industries, (9) ____________ significantly decreases environmental harm.

• Prolonged renewable energy storage – store clean energy for hours, ensuring a stable electricity supply (10) ____________ the long run.

• Hydrogen-powered transport – travel long distances with only water vapor as emissions.

• Circular economy and upcycling solutions – turn waste into (11) ____________ resources instead of releasing pollutants into the environment.

(12) ____________, adopting green technologies today not only protects the planet but also creates economic opportunities for the future.

Question 7: A. has made
B. made
C. was making
D. makes

Question 8: A. practice
B. decision
C. routine
D. words

Question 9: A. where
B. that
C. which
D. what

Question 10: A. for
B. at
C. on
D. in

Question 11: A. other
B. another
C. others
D. the other

Question 12: A. However
B. Otherwise
C. Therefore
D. For example