Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best arrangement of utterances or sentences...

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

             The development of smart cities relies heavily on green transportation systems that use advanced technology to improve mobility and reduce pollution. Electric buses, solar-powered stations, and shared bicycles are now common in many major cities. Artificial intelligence (AI) manages traffic flow by analyzing real-time data from sensors, cameras, and GPS signals. This allows the system to adjust traffic lights automatically and prevent congestion before it happens, making transportation both faster and cleaner.

             Electric vehicles (EVs) are another crucial part of this transformation. Modem EVs are connected to digital platforms that monitor battery health, route efficiency, and driver habits. The collected data helps manufacturers design better models and enables drivers to plan the most energy-saving routes. Governments also use this information to identify areas that need more charging stations, encouraging people to switch from fossil-fuel vehicles.

             One major concern, however, is data privacy. As smart transport systems collect huge amounts of user

information, protecting that from misuse is vital. Some cities use block chain technology to secure digital records, ensuring that every data entry is transparent and cannot be changed. This builds public trust and helps authorities detect fraud or system errors quickly.

             Beyond the local level, international cooperation also plays a key role. Shared databases and research projects between countries allow engineers to learn from successful models, predict traffic challenges, and design new eco-friendly transport solutions for the future.

(Adapted from English Discovery)

Question 23. The word “that” in paragraph 3 refers to ____________.

A. technology
B. data privacy
C. information
D. block chain

Question 24. Which paragraph mentions a system that automatically reacts to traffic changes?

A. Paragraph 2
B. Paragraph 4
C. Paragraph 1
D. Paragraph 3

Question 25. Which paragraph mentions the protection of users' personal information?

A. Paragraph 4
B. Paragraph 3
C. Paragraph 2
D. Paragraph 1

Question 26. Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 2?

        A. Drivers help manufacturers by collecting data for designing cheaper electric vehicles.

        B. The data is mainly gathered to reduce the number of drivers using energy-wasting routes.

        C. Both manufacturers and drivers benefit from data that improves design and reduces energy use.

        D. Only manufacturers can use the collected data to produce new energy-saving vehicles.

Question 27. The word “prevent” in paragraph 1 can be best replaced by ____________.

A. cause
B. avoid
C. limit
D. predict

Question 28. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in paragraph 1 as a source of real-time data?

A. cameras
B. sensors
C. weather reports
D. GPS signals

Question 29. Which of the following is TRUE according to paragraph 4?

        A. Shared projects among countries promote better transport planning.

        B. Traffic prediction relies mainly on government funding.

        C. Engineers design eco-friendly transport solutions based only on local data.

        D. Cooperation across borders has slowed down smart transport innovation.

Question 30. The word “vital” in paragraph 3 is OPPOSITE in meaning to ____________.

A. essential
B. unimportant
C. necessary
D. crucial

Read the following passage about The Psychology Behind Digital Outrage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

        In today's hyper connected world, "rage bait"—deliberately provocative content engineered to trigger emotional responses—has become increasingly pervasive across social platforms. Psychologist Bethany Teachman reveals why individuals go down a rabbit hole of inflammatory posts despite recognizing the manipulation. [I] Our neurological architecture inherently prioritizes threatening stimuli as evolutionary survival mechanisms. This predisposition intensifies within overwhelming information ecosystems, where attention becomes currency, and outrage generates revenue through algorithmic amplification systems designed to maximize user engagement metrics.

        Anger transcends mere emotional discomfort; it signals perceived injustices or obstructed objectives, fundamentally differing from withdrawal-inducing emotions. [II] This biochemical activation prompts commenting, debating, and sharing behaviors—precisely what platforms monetize. Unlike sadness or fear, which encourage retreat, anger mobilizes confrontational tendencies, making rage-inducing material structurally compatible with engagement-driven algorithms. Consequently, provocative content proliferates exponentially, creating feedback loops where inflammatory posts dominate feeds while nuanced perspectives vanish.

        Chronic exposure to such material yields substantial psychological consequences. Perpetual indignation cycles foster sustained stress responses, constrict cognitive flexibility, and distort interpersonal perception patterns. These effects gradually erode empathetic capacity, transforming potential collaborators into adversaries. Individuals experiencing constant triggering develop heightened threat detection, misinterpreting neutral interactions as hostile. [III] This vigilance paradoxically increases vulnerability to manipulation, as emotional exhaustion impairs critical thinking abilities necessary for distinguishing legitimate concerns from manufactured controversies.

        Teachman advocates proactive strategies for reclaiming cognitive autonomy. Recognizing emotionally charged framing lacking complexity represents crucial initial awareness. Monitoring repetitive triggering patterns within personalized feeds illuminates algorithmic manipulation tactics. Physical and emotional self-assessment during scrolling sessions provides valuable feedback about consumption impacts. When digital interactions consistently generate frustration or depletion, establishing boundaries becomes essential. [IV] Diversifying information sources, practicing mindfulness techniques—acknowledging feelings without reflexive reactions—and intentionally scheduling offline periods help restore psychological equilibrium and behavioral control.

(https://news.virginia.edu/am)

Question 31. The word “adversaries” in paragraph 3 is OPPOSITE in meaning to ____________.

A. dissenters
B. confederates
C. detractors
D. antagonists

Question 32. Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 4?

A. Evaluating your bodily and psychological responses during scrolling reveals important behavioral consumption patterns.

B. Monitoring your physical and emotional states while browsing gives useful information about content effects.

C. Assessing your physiological and mental conditions while browsing identifies potential vulnerability to manipulation.

D. Examining your emotional and physical wellness during engagement generates awareness of cognitive processing.

Question 33. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A. Sadness and anger both mobilize confrontational tendencies that platforms monetize through their engagement metrics.

B. Emotional exhaustion actually enhances critical thinking abilities necessary for distinguishing legitimate concerns from manufactured controversies.

C. Algorithmic systems prioritize nuanced perspectives over inflammatory content to maintain long-term trust among users.

D. Anger energizes approach-oriented behaviors while sadness and fear encourage withdrawal responses from threatening situations.

Question 34. The word “it” in paragraph 2 refers to ____________.

A. Anger
B. rage bait
C. emotional discomfort
D. stimulation

Question 35. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

A. Individuals exposed to rage bait will inevitably lose all capacity for empathy toward opposing viewpoints.

B. Successfully managing rage bait consumption demands multiple coordinated strategies rather than single-solution approaches.

C. Platform algorithms inadvertently create rage bait through unintended consequences of user preference optimization.

D. Evolutionary survival mechanisms have become obsolete in modern digital environments requiring complete elimination.

Question 36. The phrase “go down a rabbit hole” in paragraph 1 has the closest meaning to ____________.

A. back away from
B. get sucked into
C. break away from
D. look down on

Question 37. Where in the paragraph does the following sentence best fit?

This stimulation energizes approach-oriented behavioral patterns.

A. [II]
B. [IV]
C. [I]
D. [III]

Question 38. Which of the following best summarsies the passage?

A. Social media algorithms accidentally create rage bait through optimization, leading to unintended consequences that users can overcome through awareness.

B. Digital platforms deliberately engineer inflammatory content to maximize revenue, creating psychological harm that individuals can prevent through mindful consumption.

C. Evolutionary mechanisms make humans vulnerable to rage bait, which platforms exploit for profit, causing psychological harm requiring regulatory intervention.

D. Rage bait exploits evolutionary survival instincts, enabling platform monetization through engagement, causing psychological damage requiring multiple management strategies.

Question 39. According to the passage, all of the following are mentioned EXCEPT ____________.

        A. Anger signals perceived injustices or obstructed objectives

        B. Mindfulness techniques help restore psychological equilibrium

        C. Emotional exhaustion impairs critical thinking abilities

        D. Social media companies are developing policies to eliminate rage bait

Question 40. Which of the following best summarizes paragraph 3?

A. Regular exposure causes psychological harm: chronic stress, cognitive rigidity, eroded empathy, and paradoxically greater manipulation susceptibility due to depleted critical thinking.

B. Continuous consumption damages wellbeing through sustained stress, reduced empathy, and heightened threat detection that paradoxically increases manipulation vulnerability.

C. Chronic rage bait exposure creates stress and defensive behaviors, causing people to misinterpret neutral interactions as hostile while increasing engagement with inflammatory content.

D. Persistent engagement generates stress reactions and distorted perceptions, leading to confrontational tendencies and misreading neutral communications as threatening.

Read the following leaflet and mark the letter A, B, C and D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fit each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 6

BREAK FREE FROM “ GRIND CULTURE” – Your Path to Balance & Wellness

        Today’s teens are under enormous stress, facing constant achievement expectations; (1) ____________, it’s never too late to take control of your mental health. Don’t get caught in the rat race - most teens struggle (2) ____________ constant comparisons and performance pressures that drain their mental energy and self-worth.

        Sleep quality, outdoor exercise, and (3) ____________ are strongly linked to reduced burnout and improved mental health. Some teens find relief through social media connections, while (4) ____________ discover their strength in nature and face-to-face friendships.

        To ward off burnout effectively, (5) ____________ unscheduled time where you do nothing productive. Adults must (6) ____________ steps to validate hobbies that aren’t connected to achievement or college success.

        Start your wellness journey TODAY.

Question 1.
A. however
B. therefore
C. though
D. moreover

Question 2.
A. at
B. about
C. with
D. to

Question 3.
A. creative self-care practices
B. practices self-care creative

C. self-care practices creative
D. creative practices self-care

Question 4.
A. the others
B. others
C. other
D. another

Question 5.
A. prioritize
B. spend
C. keep
D. waste

Question 6.
A. take
B. pay
C. make
D. do

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22.

        Many educators and students perceive examinations are merely stressful evaluation tools; however, cognitive psychology research demonstrates that assessments can significantly enhance learning outcomes when implemented strategically. (18) ____________ and deepening conceptual understanding. This technique involves actively recalling information from memory rather than passively reviewing notes or textbooks.

             What makes retrieval practice particularly effective, (19) ____________. Studies indicate that learners who regularly test themselves retain approximately 80% of acquired vocabulary, whereas those replying solely on rereading remember considerably fewer terms. The process of retrieving information creates stronger neural connections; consequently, memories become more stable and accessible over extended periods.

             Furthermore, assessments (20) ____________. Unfortunately, many contemporary educational systems prioritize high-stakes standardized examinations that emphasize superficial multiple-choice questions. These evaluations frequently provide minimal constructive feedback, thereby limiting their pedagogical value and failing to support genuine intellectual development. Low-stakes quizzes encourage deeper engagement with material; (21) ____________. When educators combine frequent informal assessments with opportunities for reflection, testing transforms from a mere performance measurement into a powerful cognitive enhancement tool. Students can subsequently make meaningful connections between diverse concepts and apply acquired knowledge across various unfamiliar contexts.

             In conclusion, the educational community should reconsider its perspective on examinations. Rather than viewing tests exclusively as assessment instruments, (22) ____________ that foster long-term retention and comprehensive understanding.

(https: www.scientificamerican.com/lk)

Question 18. 

        A. It is retrieval practice that plays the most crucial role in strengthening memory.

        B. What retrieval practice does it strengthen memory and deepen conceptual understanding.

        C. It was retrieval practice that researchers found to improve long-term retention.

        D. It is because retrieval practice strengthens memory that assessments improve learning outcomes.

Question 19. 

A. importantly, is that it forces the brain to reconstruct knowledge pathways each time information is recalled

B. crucially, is why passive review methods remain attractive despite their limited long-term retention benefits

C. essentially, is whether rereading strategies provide sufficient cognitive effort for durable memory formation

D. significantly, is how repeated exposure to written material strengthens short-term familiarity with vocabulary items

Question 20. 

A. that incorporated detailed feedback enable students to identify misconceptions and refine their understanding progressively

B. which incorporated detailed feedback allowed learners to recognize misconceptions and refine conceptual understanding gradually

C. who incorporated detailed feedback enable students to identify misconceptions and refine their understanding progressively

D. that included extensive feedback help students identify errors and strengthen conceptual understanding effectively

Question 21. 

        A. however, they sometimes lead students to underestimate the importance of major examinations

        B. moreover, they reduce anxiety associated with traditional high-pressure testing environments

        C. therefore, educators increasingly eliminate formal testing from their curricula

        D. similarly, they often require students to devote more time to stressful preparation routines

Question 22. 

        A. critics frequently argue examinations place excessive pressure on students

        B. teachers and learners alike must recognize their potential as effective learning mechanisms

        C. many institutions continue prioritizing standardized tests in their evaluation systems

        D. educators frequently debate whether examinations accurately reflect student achievement

Read the following announcement and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 7 to 12.

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        VoiceGuard is the solution (9) ____________ thousands of families trust to stay safe from AI scams. Don’t (10) ____________ protecting yourself- install Voice Guard today!

        Our app uses technology (11) ____________ by security expect to detect fake voices instantly. VoiceGuard helps you avoid (12) ____________ situations by alerting you when someone uses AI to copy voices.

* Download VoiceGuard now – because your family’s matters!

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Question 7.
A. protect
B. protective
C. protectively
D. protection

Question 8.
A. Some
B. Most
C. Much
D. Any

Question 9.
A. that
B. whom
C. who
D. whose

Question 10.
A. take on
B. give up
C. look into
D. set up

Question 11. 

A. had developed
B. which developed
C. developing
D. developed

Question 12.
A. confusing
B. suspicious
C. dangerous
D. uncomfortable