Read the following piece of news and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option...

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best arrangement of utterances or sentences to make a cohesive and coherent exchange or text in each of the following questions from 1 to 5.

Question 1.

A.  Matt: Did you watch the football match last night?

B.  Matt: I know, right? The last-minute goal was amazing.

C.  Chris: Yes, it was incredible! What a match!

A. a – c – b
B. b – a – c
C. c – a – b
D. b – c – a

Question 2.

A.  Mia: Yes, I love it.

B.  Mia: I really enjoy making lasagna.

C.  Alex: Do you enjoy cooking?

D.  Alex: What’s your favorite dish to make?

e. Alex: Unfortunately, I’m allergic to the cheese in that dish.

A. c – a – d – b – e
B. c – b – e – a – d
C. d – b – e – a – c
D. e – b – d – a – c

Question 3.

A. In addition to reducing food waste, this practice also allows individuals to save money and support sustainable living.

B. Composting is a simple yet effective method for turning organic waste into nutrient-rich soil.

C. As these benefits draw more and more people to composting, it has become increasingly popular worldwide.

D. The spread of composting is helped by the fact that, whether you have a garden or live in an urban area, composting can fit into any lifestyle.

e. In summary, composting is a key step in creating a sustainable future for everyone.

A. c – a – b – e – d
B. b – d – c – e – a
C. b – a – c – d – e
D. b – c – d – a – e

Question 4.

A. However, learning the language of the destination country can significantly ease the process of communication and daily interactions.

B. Moving to a new country often brings challenges, such as adapting to unfamiliar customs and finding a support network.

C. Over time, newcomers usually develop strategies to integrate with the new country’s customs, strategies such as attending local events or joining community groups.

D. Additionally, understanding cultural norms helps immigrants avoid misunderstandings and fosters a sense of belonging.

e. Ultimately, with persistence and a positive attitude, settling into a new country becomes a rewarding experience.

A. b – a – d – e – c
B. b – a – c – d – e
C. b – d – a – c – e
D. b – c – a – d - e

Question 5.

Hi Sarah,

A. What do you think about adding some games to the evening?

B. I think it’ll make the party even more fun!

C. I’m writing to confirm the final plan for the party on Saturday.

D. Let me know your thoughts on the game idea.

e. Everything else is ready-music, food, and decorations!

Talk soon,

Emily

A. e – a – b – c – d
B. e – c – a – d – b
C. c – b – d – a – e
D. c – e – a – d – b

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 6 to 15.

The Age of Short-Form Content

        Short-form videos have rapidly become one of the most dominant forms of online content in the modern digital environment. [I] Platforms featuring clips that last only seconds now attract millions of users daily, offering constant stimulation through fast transitions, eye-catching visuals, and instantly engaging narratives. The simplicity of access and the speed at which content can be consumed make these platforms particularly appealing. For many young people, short-form videos have gradually replaced longer forms of media, becoming their primary source of entertainment, news updates, and even informal learning experiences.

        This shift has significantly altered how audiences process information. Short videos are carefully designed to deliver rewards quickly, encouraging viewers to move from one clip to the next with minimal effort or conscious decision-making. [II] As a result, attention is often fragmented, and sustained engagement with complex ideas becomes less common. Although users may feel informed after consuming a large volume of content in a short time, their understanding frequently remains surface-level, shaped more by repetition, emotional appeal, and visual impact than by reflection or deeper analysis.

        Content creators have adapted their strategies accordingly in order to remain visible and competitive. Messages are compressed, emotions intensified, and nuance reduced so as to capture attention within the first few seconds of a video. In educational or informational contexts, this approach can oversimplify topics that require careful explanation, balanced reasoning, and critical thinking. [III] Critics argue that the format tends to reward immediacy over accuracy, allowing catchy but misleading content to spread more easily than thoughtful and well-supported analysis.

        Why does this matter? The growing preference for brief content may influence habits beyond digital entertainment alone. [IV] When individuals become accustomed to constant stimulation and rapid information delivery, activities demanding patience—such as reading long texts, analysing arguments, or solving complex problems—can feel increasingly challenging. Recognising these effects does not mean rejecting short-form media altogether; rather, it highlights the need for awareness of its limitations and a more balanced approach to media consumption in everyday life.

                                                                                          (Adapted from articles on digital media trends)

Question 6. According to paragraph 1, why are short-form video platforms especially appealing to users?

        A. They offer quick access and fast content consumption

        B. They focus mainly on educational content

        C. They require little visual stimulation

        D. They provide more reliable information than traditional media

Question 7. The word “fragmented” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ____________.

A. distracted
B. intensified
C. divided
D. controlled

Question 8. Which of the following best summarises paragraph 2?

        A. Reflection plays a major role in processing short videos.

        B. Users prefer emotional content to visual effects.

        C. Short-form videos provide users with reliable and in-depth knowledge.

        D. Rapid content consumption weakens sustained attention and deep understanding.

Question 9. According to paragraph 3, content creators compress messages mainly to ____________.

A. increase factual accuracy
B. attract attention quickly

C. improve educational value
D. reduce production costs

Question 10. What problem does short-form content cause in educational contexts?

A. It reduces students’ motivation
B. It oversimplifies complex topics

C. It discourages creativity
D. It limits access to information

Question 11. The word “their” in paragraph 2 refers to ____________.

A. users
B. content creators
C. platforms
D. short-form videos

Question 12. Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 4?

        A. The influence of short-form media suggests current media habits should remain unchanged.

        B. Understanding short-form media requires avoiding it completely to protect thinking habits.

        C. Being aware of short-form media’s limits helps users consume it in a balanced way.

        D. Short-form media has little impact on how people use information daily.

Question 13. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

        A. Frequent use of short-form media may reduce patience for demanding tasks.

        B. Long-form materials are no longer necessary in modern media.

        C. Short-form videos improve users’ ability to analyse complex ideas.

        D. Accuracy is valued more than speed in short-form content.

Question 14. Where in the passage does the following sentence best fit?

This tendency has raised concerns among researchers and educators.

A. [III]
B. [IV]
C. [I]
D. [II]

Question 15. Which of the following best summarises the passage?

        A. Short-form media mainly affects entertainment choices among young people.

        B. Content creators mainly drive changes in digital consumption habits.

        C. Short-form videos are replacing traditional media in most areas of life.

        D. Short-form content changes information processing and calls for balanced media use.

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 22 to 29.

Smart waste management in modern cities

        As urban populations continue to rise, cities are under increasing pressure to manage waste more efficiently. Traditional waste collection systems often rely on fixed schedules and manual monitoring, which can lead to overflowing bins, unnecessary fuel use, and higher operational costs. To address these problems, many cities are adopting smart waste management solutions that combine digital technology with data analysis.

        Smart waste systems use sensor-equipped bins to monitor fill levels in real time. When a bin is nearly full, the system automatically sends an alert to waste collection teams. This allows routes to be planned dynamically rather than following rigid schedules. As a result, collection vehicles travel fewer kilometres, reducing fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. What was once a reactive process has now become data-driven and highly efficient.

        Beyond operational benefits, smart waste management also supports environmental protection. By preventing waste overflow, cities reduce the risk of pollution in public spaces and waterways. In addition, data collected from waste patterns helps authorities identify opportunities to improve recycling programs. For example, if organic waste levels rise in certain areas, targeted composting initiatives can be introduced. Because waste is sorted and handled more effectively, landfill use declines over time.

        Public awareness plays an important role in the success of these systems. Mobile applications inform residents about collection times, recycling guidelines, and waste reduction tips. This encourages households to change their disposal habits and take greater responsibility for the waste they produce. When citizens actively participate, smart waste management becomes not only a technological solution but also a shared environmental effort.

                                                                                              (Adapted from https://www.worldbank.org)

Question 22. The word “pressure” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ____________.

A. interest
B. stress
C. excitement
D. curiosity

Question 23. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in paragraph 2 as a benefit of smart waste collection?

A. Reducing fuel consumption
B. Improving route planning

C. Lowering greenhouse gas emissions
D. Increasing employment opportunities

Question 24. The word “their” in paragraph 4 refers to ____________.

A. mobile applications
B. residents        

C. disposal habits
D. households

Question 25. Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 2?

        A. Waste collection is now guided by data instead of reacting after problems occur.

        B. Waste systems respond more slowly because decisions rely on collected data.

        C. Waste management has become more complex due to increased use of technology.

        D. Traditional waste collection methods remain more flexible than smart ones.

Question 26. The word “declines” in paragraph 3 is OPPOSITE in meaning to ____________.

A. expands
B. falls
C. decreases
D. reduces

Question 27. Which of the following is TRUE according to paragraph 3?

        A. Composting initiatives increase landfill dependence.

        B. Smart waste systems completely replace landfill use.

        C. Waste overflow can lead to environmental pollution.

        D. Waste data has no influence on recycling programs.

Question 28. Which paragraph mentions environmental benefits related to pollution reduction?

A. Paragraph 4
B. Paragraph 2
C. Paragraph 3
D. Paragraph 1

Question 29. Which paragraph mainly discusses the role of citizens in waste management?

A. Paragraph 1
B. Paragraph 2
C. Paragraph 3
D. Paragraph 4

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 30 to 34.

        Most people get electricity from coal, oil, and gas. They are not renewable and (30) ____________. It is essential to look after our planet. So, we should save energy and we should also use renewable sources of energy.

        One such alternative source is the wind. Wind turbines capture the kinetic energy from the wind and convert it into electricity (31) ____________. Wind is always with us, so we can use it again and again. That is why it is considered a sustainable energy source. Another thing we can use is the Sun. Lots of houses have solar panels on the roof. We can use the heat from the Sun for water heating, (32) ____________. Solar farms can make electricity by harnessing sunlight on a large scale, providing power to communities.

        What’s more, we can build houses and flats with natural materials like wood and stones, (33) ____________. We can even grow plants on buildings. They look nice and the rooms inside stay in winter and cool in summer. By using materials and renewable energy sources, we use less coal, oil, and gas for heating and we save energy. (34) ____________.

                                                                                                                        (Adapted from GoGetter)

Question 30.

        A. produce harmful emissions that contribute to climate change

        B. that produces harmful emissions and contributes to climate change

        C. contribute to climate change that produces harmful emissions

        D. harmful emissions produced that contribute to climate change

Question 31.

        A. if it can power washing machines, cookers, blenders, etc.

        B. and can be used to power washing machines, cookers, blenders, etc.

        C. when it can be used to power washing machines, cookers, blenders, etc.

        D. which can be used to power washing machines, cookers, blenders, etc.

Question 32.

        A. so that the sun’s energy can also make electricity for us

        B. which can also make electricity with the sun’s energy

        C. but we can also make electricity with the sun’s energy

        D. can we make electricity with the sun’s energy as well

Question 33.

        A. it is more environmentally friendly to have a lower carbon footprint

        B. which are more environmentally friendly and have a lower carbon footprint

        C. they have a lower carbon footprint and are more environmentally friendly

        D. and are more environmentally friendly and have a lower carbon footprint

Question 34.

A. This way we can help to protect the planet
B. To protect the planet we can help this way

C. By this way the planet can help to protect us
D. We can help this way to protect the planet

Read the following leaflet and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 35 to 40.

Managing Stress in a Busy Life

        In modern society, stress has become a common issue affecting people of all ages. Many individuals try to balance work, family responsibilities, and personal interests; (35) ____________, without proper strategies, pressure can gradually build up and harm both physical and mental health. One effective approach is learning how to deal calmly (36) ____________ stress in everyday situations rather than avoiding it completely. Health experts also point out that (37) ____________ people underestimate the importance of taking regular breaks to relax and recharge. Developing (38) ____________ is another helpful way to keep stress at a (39) ____________ level and improve overall productivity. Some people even go to great (40) ____________ to reduce stress by adjusting their daily routines and priorities, which can make a significant difference in the long run.

                                                                                              (Adapted from https://www.verywellmind.com)

Question 35. A. otherwise
B. however
C. therefore
D. moreover

Question 36. A. at
B. on
C. for
D. with

Question 37. A. many
B. few
C. little
D. much

Question 38.

A. strategies coping healthy
B. strategies healthy coping

C. coping healthy strategies
D. healthy coping strategies

Question 39. A. manageable
B. excessive
C. temporary
D. careless

Question 40. A. trains
B. lengths
C. chances
D. risks