Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that b...

Read the following announcement and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 6.

Wildlife Photographer of the Year – People’s Choice 2026

        The Wildlife Photographer of the Year exhibition, (1) ____________ will run from March to July 2026 at the Natural History Museum in London, is expected to attract thousands of visitors from around the world. This internationally acclaimed event brings together works from (2) ____________ wildlife photographers across the globe, highlighting both artistic excellence and environmental awareness.

        Visitors will gain exposure to a diverse (3) ____________ of award-winning photographs, from dramatic landscapes to close-up portraits of endangered species. The exhibition also includes interactive displays (4) ____________ by experienced curators and conservation experts. This event is a valuable opportunity for families, students, and photography lovers to learn about biodiversity and make a contribution to the (5) ____________ of nature. Don’t forget to (6) ____________ information on the website for early booking due to high public interest.

(Adapted from https://www.theguardian.com)

Question 1.
A. who
B. which
C. whose
D. that

Question 2.
A. renowned
B. notorious
C. dominant
D. technical

Question 3.
A. technique
B. structure
C. process
D. selection

Question 4.
A. organizing
B. organized
C. organize
D. to organise

Question 5.
A. conservation
B. conserve
C. conservative
D. conservationist

Question 6.
A. look up
B. give up
C. take off
D. get in

Read the following leaflet and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 7 to 12.

How to Protect Our Environment?

        Protecting the environment is the responsibility of not only governments but also (7) ____________ individual in the community. In today’s rapidly changing world, environmental problems are becoming more serious and visible. Small daily actions can make a big (8) ____________ in protecting our planet for future generations. For example, you can reduce waste by using reusable bags and bottles instead of single-use plastic items.

        Another important step is to support local businesses that promote (9) ____________ and sustainable farming methods in your area. In addition, switching off electrical devices when they are not (10) ____________ use helps cut down on energy consumption at home and in the workplace.

        You should also encourage other people around you to take part in community clean-up (11) ____________ and environmental workshops, (12) ____________ these activities help raise awareness and build a greener, more sustainable future for everyone.

(Adapted from EcoTips – Tips for environmental protection - fws.gov)

Question 7.
A. many
B. every
C. all
D. another

Question 8.
A. difference
B. effort
C. arrangement
D. choice

Question 9. 

A. environmentally friendly products
B. friendly environmentally products

C. products environmentally friendly
D. environmentally products friendly

Question 10.
A. at
B. in
C. on
D. of

Question 11.
A. campaigns
B. operations
C. missions
D. drives

Question 12.
A. although
B. because
C. however
D. therefore

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best arrangement of utterances or sentences to make a cohesive and coherent exchange or text in each of the following questions from 13 to 17.

Question 13.

A.  Patient: Thank you, doctor. I’ll follow your instructions.

B.  Doctor: You have a mild flu. Take these tablets twice a day and drink plenty of water.

C.  Patient: Good morning doctor, I’ve been having a headache and fever since yesterday.

A. c – b – a
B. c – a – b
C. b – c – a
D. a – b – c

Question 14.

A.  Alice: I’m planning a trip to Da Nang to see the Golden Bridge. How about you?

B.  Alice: That sounds relaxing! I heard the weather there is perfect this time of year.

C.  Bob: I’m going to Da Lat. I want to enjoy the cool air and visit the flower gardens.

D.  Bob: Hi Alice. Have you decided on your destination for the summer holiday yet?

e. Bob: Yes, it is. It’s the best place to escape the summer heat.

A. d – c – a – b – e
B. d – a – c – b – e
C. a – c – b – e – d
D. a – d – c – b – e

Question 15.

Dear Sir/Madam,

A. Additionally, through active community participation, we aim to foster environmental responsibility for future generations.

B. To achieve these objectives, the project will include organising educational workshops and implementing a waste management plan.

C. I am writing to propose launching a green initiative in our community to address growing environmental concerns.

D. We look forward to your favourable consideration and support for this initiative.

e. The primary aim of this initiative is to raise environmental awareness and reduce carbon emissions. Yours faithfully,

Nguyen Van An - Project Manager

A. c – e – a – b – d
B. c – b – e – a – d
C. e – c – b – a – d
D. e – a – c – b – d

Question 16.

A. Additionally, smart appliances simplify household tasks, allowing more time for family and leisure.

B. Smart homes integrate technology to improve comfort, efficiency, and security in residential living.

C. Overall, smart homes represent a transformative advancement in how we experience and interact with our living spaces.

D. Smart thermostats and lighting systems contribute to energy savings, while smart locks and cameras enhance security.

e. Utilising devices connected to the Internet of Things (IoT), homeowners can control various aspects of their homes remotely.

A. c – b – a – e – d
B. b – e – d – a – c
C. b – d – e – c – a
D. c – b – a – d – e

Question 17.

A. These limitations have led many educators to question whether examinations alone can accurately reflect a learner's true abilities.

B. Examinations remain one of the most widely used methods of assessment worldwide, verifying whether students are ready to progress to the next stage of education.

C. In response to these concerns, some institutions have introduced alternative forms of evaluation, such as coursework and project-based assessment, to provide a more balanced measure of achievement.

D. Despite their practicality and perceived fairness, exams may encourage superficial learning, as some candidates focus mainly on tested content rather than deep understanding.

e. For this reason, while exams continue to play an important role, they should be carefully designed and supplemented with other assessment methods to ensure greater validity.

A. b – d – a – c – e
B. b – a – d – c – e
C. d – b – a – c – e
D. d – b – c – a – e

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

        Every drop of water in the ocean, even in the deepest parts, responds to the forces that create the tides. No other force that affects the sea is so strong. Compared with the tides, the waves created by the wind are surface movements felt no more than a hundred fathoms below the surface. The currents also seldom involve more than the upper several hundred fathoms despite their impressive sweep.

        The tides are a response of the waters of the ocean to the pull of the Moon and the more distant Sun. In theory, there is a gravitational attraction between the water and even the outermost star of the universe. In reality, however, the pull of remote stars is so slight as to be obliterated by the control of the Moon and, to a lesser extent, the Sun.

        Just as the Moon rises later each day by fifty minutes, on the average, so, in most places, the time of high tide is correspondingly later each day. And as the Moon waxes and wanes in its monthly cycle, so the height of the tide varies.

        The tidal movements are strongest when the Moon is a sliver in the sky, and when it is full. These are the highest flood tides and the lowest ebb tides of the lunar month and are called the spring tides. At these times the Sun, Moon, and Earth are nearly in line and the pull of the two heavenly bodies is added together to bring the water high on the beaches, to send its surf upward against the sea cliffs, and to draw a high tide into the harbors. Twice each month, at the quarters of the moon, when the Sun, Moon and Earth lie at the apexes of a triangular configuration and the pull of the Sun and Moon are opposed, the moderate tidal movements called neap tides occur. Then the difference between high and low water is less than at any other time during the month.

(Adapted from TOEFL reading)

Question 23. Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 1?

A. Unlike tides, wind waves extend to depths exceeding 100 fathoms below the sea surface.

B. Unlike tides, wind waves are surface movements felt at depths of no more than 100 fathoms.

C. Unlike tides, wind waves remain surface movements extending to depths of 100 fathoms.

D. Compared with tides, wind waves are felt at depths of 100 fathoms below the sea surface.

Question 24. What does the word “their” in paragraph 1 refer to?

A. tides
B. waves
C. fathoms
D. currents

Question 25. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in paragraph 2 as a factor influencing ocean tides?

A. The pull of the Moon
B. The pull of the Sun

C. The attraction of distant stars
D. The movement of ocean currents

Question 26. The word “obliterated” in paragraph 2 mostly means ____________.

A. strengthened
B. cancelled
C. delayed
D. revealed

Question 27. The word “correspondingly” in paragraph 3 is OPPOSITE in meaning to ____________.

A. independently
B. accordingly
C. similarly
D. proportionally

Question 28. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A. Tidal forces are weaker than those created by wind.

B. Ocean currents usually affect the deepest parts of the sea.

C. Spring tides occur when the Sun, Moon, and Earth are nearly aligned.

D. Neap tides produce the greatest difference between high and low water.

Question 29. In which paragraph does the writer mention the daily change in the timing of high tides?

A. Paragraph 1
B. Paragraph 2
C. Paragraph 3
D. Paragraph 4

Question 30. In which paragraph does the writer mention the difference between spring tides and neap tides?

A. Paragraph 1
B. Paragraph 2
C. Paragraph 3
D. Paragraph 4

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

        Fast fashion's appeal rests on speed and novelty, but the costs are dispersed across oceans and atmospheres. [I] Polyester-heavy garments leach microfibers during washing; dye effluents overwhelm rivers near manufacturing hubs; and overproduction ensures that surplus inventory becomes landfill fodder or is incinerated. Brands tout capsule "conscious" lines, yet throughput targets remain unaltered, meaning marginal efficiency gains are swamped by absolute volume, perpetuating systemic environmental degradation and deepening long-term ecological inequities worldwide. Such dynamics reveal a production model structurally predicated on acceleration and disposability, wherein ecological costs are externalized, regulatory asymmetries persist across borders, and vulnerable populations remain disproportionately exposed to the cumulative burdens of extraction, pollution, and climate volatility.

        Supply chains, optimized for immediacy, rely on subcontracting lattices that outstrip public oversight. [II] When price points race downward, environmental externalities and labor protections are the first to be shaved off. Claims of circularity, absent durable design and infrastructure for large-scale recirculation, are marketing gloss rather than material transformation. Meanwhile, the logistics of reverse supply – collection, sorting, fiber-to-fiber recycling – struggle to keep pace with the torrent of low-grade blends that resist reprocessing, thereby perpetuating systemic waste, obscuring accountability, and delaying substantive structural reform across the industry. This persistent lag between extraction and recovery underscores how efficiency rhetoric masks structural imbalances, allowing production to expand unchecked while remediation systems remain chronically underfunded, technologically constrained, and institutionally fragmented across jurisdictions.

        Consumer behavior complicates any remedy. [III] Social-media cycles fetishize perpetual newness, converting wardrobes into content pipelines; discount platforms train shoppers to treat clothes as near-disposable. Policy can counteract these incentives – extended producer responsibility, eco-modulated fees, and right-to-repair rules – but enforcement gaps and jurisdictional patchworks dilute impact. Retailers experiment with rental and resale, only to discover that additional channels often cannibalize quality while leaving aggregate volume largely intact, suggesting that without recalibrating demand itself, incremental reforms risk being absorbed by the very growth dynamics they seek to restrain and ultimately failing to curb the sector’s escalating material footprint.

         What endures, then, beyond seasonal campaigns, is a structural arithmetic. [IV] Without binding caps on production and credible emissions accounting, sustainability talk risks net-greenwashing: relative improvements advertised as planetary salvation. The sector’s outsized water draw, chemical intensity, and fossil-fuel dependency cannot be reconciled with breakneck turnover unless growth becomes materially decoupled from throughput – a prospect that, so far, appears aspirational rather than achieved, and one that demands coordinated regulatory resolve, transparent metrics, and a fundamental reorientation of value away from volume-driven expansion toward genuine long-term ecological stability.

(Adapted from Earth.org, "Fast Fashion and Its Environmental Impact in 2025")

Question 31. The word “unaltered” in paragraph 1 is OPPOSITE in meaning to ____________.

A. unchanged
B. modified
C. preserved
D. maintained

Question 32. The word “torrent” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ____________.

A. a relatively small amount
B. a rapid and overwhelming flow

C. a generally stable condition
D. a short and brief interruption

Question 33. The word “these” in paragraph 3 refers to ____________.

A. enforcement gaps and jurisdictional patchworks

B. rental and resale experiments in global markets

C. social media trends and discount-driven consumer habits

D. sustainability campaigns and environmental initiatives

Question 34. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?

A. Microfiber pollution from washing polyester
B. River contamination from dye effluents

C. Noise pollution from textile factories
D. Incineration of surplus inventory

Question 35. Where in the passage would the following sentence best fit?

This inflation of claims risks widening the gap between corporate messaging and biophysical limits, inviting regulatory and consumer backlash.

A. [I]
B. [II]
C. [III]
D. [IV]

Question 36. Which of the following best summarises paragraph 2?

A. Fast fashion supply chains are transparent and straightforward to regulate globally.

B. Complex supply chains and weak recycling infrastructure undermine sustainability claims.

C. Recycling systems effectively manage all forms of textile waste in the globe.

D. Marketing strategies have completely transformed the fashion industry globally.

Question 37. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?

A. Lower prices often lead to weaker environmental and labor standards.

B. Rental and resale always reduce overall clothing production worldwide.

C. Sustainability campaigns have ended overproduction on a large scale.

D. Recycling infrastructure keeps pace with textile waste in many fashion companies.

Question 38. Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 4?

A. Sustainability discussions are unnecessary within the fashion industry today in the current context.

B. Strict production limits and transparent emissions reporting prevent misleading environmental claims.

C. Production caps alone are enough to guarantee long-term sustainability without requiring additional measures.

D. Emissions accounting has minimal impact on meaningful environmental protection in the long run.

Question 39. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

A. Minor efficiency improvements are insufficient to address the environmental damage of fast fashion.

B. Consumers are fully informed about supply chain conditions and aware of environmental problems.

C. Government policies are strictly enforced worldwide and effectively protect public interests.

D. Growth in fashion production has already been separated from environmental impact.

Question 40. Which of the following best summarises the entire passage?

A. Fast fashion can become sustainable through improved marketing strategies alone without major structural reforms.

B. Structural overproduction, weak regulation, and consumer habits make sustainability largely superficial.

C. Recycling innovations will eliminate textile waste in the foreseeable future across the global fashion industry.

D. Consumer behavior alone ultimately determines overall environmental outcomes in both rich and poor countries.