Read the following passage and choose the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18...

Question

Read the following passage and choose the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22. The Impact of Stereotypes on Teenagers In modern society, teenagers are often stereotyped as lazy, rebellious, careless, or irresponsible. These stereotypes are widely present in social media, on the internet, and in everyday conversations. As a result, most teenagers are exposed to them on a regular basis. Research has shown that such stereotypes may directly influence young people’s behavior and future success. Biological changes during adolescence, which are sometimes linked with risk-taking or destructive actions, (18) ____________. A study from Northwestern University, led by developmental psychologist Yang Qu and professor Eva Pomerantz, found that (19) ____________. After receiving counter-stereotype lessons, these teenagers showed fewer risky behaviors and greater interest in academic work. Further studies suggest that parents’ expectations also play an important role. (20) ____________. As Science Daily reports, if parents present risk-taking or rebellion as “normal teenage behavior,” this may reinforce similar stereotypes from society and increase the chance of such actions. Maurice Devlin of Maynooth University also studied how the media represents teenagers. Many participants argued that the media focuses too heavily on negative behavior, (21) ____________. Some also noted that adults display similar behaviors, yet are not judged in the same way. Overall, negative stereotypes can seriously affect teenagers’ development. Therefore, (22) ____________. Question 18. A. can also encourage healthy growth even if the surroundings are nurturing B. that are able to support healthy growth when the environment is and supportive C. the more supportive the environment, the more positive development is recognized D. can also support positive development when the environment is supportive Question 19. A. responsible actions of teenagers show that they are independent and have a sense of responsibility B. teenagers performed more responsibly when they believed they were capable of responsibility C. teenagers who behaved more responsibly when they trusted their own capacity for responsibility D. demonstrating greater responsibility were recognized when they thought of themselves as capable of it Question 20. A. The inappropriate and negative actions of teenagers often result from the fact that their parents don’t place enough trust in them B. If parents believe that their children will behave improperly, teenagers could often react by behavin accordingly C. When parents assume that teenage behavior will be negative, adolescents often behave in line wit those assumptions D. Parents’ negative prejudices about teenagers make them lose confidence in themselves and doubt their ability to be responsible Question 21. A. exceptional cases are regarded as though they were typical ones B. often exaggerating or treating the actions of a few as typical C. they are often exaggerated or distorted as everyday matters D. media often exaggerates minority actions as majority behavior Question 22. A. reducing the use of these labels and promoting more positive and supportive ways of thinking B. concentrating on reducing harmful labels and promoting more positive and constructive views C. it is important to reduce these labels and replace them with more positive and supportive views D. efforts needed to remove these labels and replace them with more supportive and affirming views

Accepted Answer

Question 18. A. can also encourage healthy growth even if the surroundings are nurturing B. that are able to support healthy growth when the environment is and supportive C. the more supportive the environment, the more positive development is recognized D. can also support positive development when the environment is supportive Giải thích: ∙ A. can also encourage healthy growth... - SAI : Sai logic "even if" (ngay cả khi) - nếu môi trường tốt thì việc phát triển tốt là đương nhiên, không dùng "ngay cả khi". ∙ B. that are able to support... - SAI : Sai ngữ pháp (thừa chữ "and" trong cụm "is and supportive", thiếu động từ chính cho câu). ∙ C. the more supportive... - SAI : Sai cấu trúc so sánh kép không phù hợp với chủ ngữ "Biological changes". ∙ D. can also support positive development when the environment is supportive - ĐÚNG : Câu hoàn chỉnh về ngữ pháp và ý nghĩa: Những thay đổi sinh học... cũng có thể hỗ trợ phát triển tích cực khi môi trường mang tính hỗ trợ Question 19. A. responsible actions of teenagers show that they are independent and have a sense of responsibility B. teenagers performed more responsibly when they believed they were capable of responsibility C. teenagers who behaved more responsibly when they trusted their own capacity for responsibility D. demonstrating greater responsibility were recognized when they thought of themselves as capable of it Giải thích: ∙ A. responsible actions... - SAI : Không ăn nhập với mệnh đề "found that..." và nội dung về niềm tin vào bản thân. ∙ B. teenagers performed more responsibly when they believed they were capable of responsibility - ĐÚNG : Phù hợp ngữ nghĩa nghiên cứu: Thiếu niên cư xử trách nhiệm hơn khi họ tin rằng mình có khả năng đó. ∙ C. teenagers who behaved... - SAI : Mệnh đề quan hệ nhưng thiếu động từ chính cho chủ ngữ "teenagers". ∙ D. demonstrating greater responsibility... - SAI : Cấu trúc ngữ pháp sai (V-ing đứng đầu nhưng động từ chính "were recognized" không khớp chủ ngữ). Further studies suggest that parents’ expectations also play an important role. (20) ____________. As Science Daily reports, if parents present risk-taking or rebellion as “normal teenage behavior,” this may reinforce similar stereotypes from society and increase the chance of such actions. Question 20. A. The inappropriate and negative actions of teenagers often result from the fact that their parents don’t place enough trust in them B. If parents believe that their children will behave improperly, teenagers could often react by behaving accordingly C. When parents assume that teenage behavior will be negative, adolescents often behave in line with those assumptions D. Parents’ negative prejudices about teenagers make them lose confidence in themselves and doubt their ability to be responsible Giải thích: ∙ A. The inappropriate... - SAI : Lạc đề sang vấn đề "tin tưởng" (trust), trong khi bài đang nói về "kỳ vọng/giả định" (expectations/assumptions). ∙ B. ...teenagers could often react... - SAI : Cụm "react by behaving accordingly" diễn đạt lủng củng. ∙ C. When parents assume that teenage behavior will be negative, adolescents often behave in line with those assumptions - ĐÚNG : Tóm tắt đúng ý: Kỳ vọng của cha mẹ (assume negative) dẫn đến hành vi tương ứng của con cái (behave in line with). ∙ D. ...make them lose confidence... - SAI : Sai ý. Bài nói về việc trẻ cư xử theo khuôn mẫu (risk-taking), không phải nói về việc trẻ mất tự tin. Maurice Devlin of Maynooth University also studied how the media represents teenagers. Many participants argued that the media focuses too heavily on negative behavior, (21) ____________. Some also noted that adults display similar behaviors, yet are not judged in the same way. Question 21. A. exceptional cases are regarded as though they were typical ones B. often exaggerating or treating the actions of a few as typical C. they are often exaggerated or distorted as everyday matters D. media often exaggerates minority actions as majority behavior Giải thích: ∙ A. ...regarded as though they were typical ones - SAI : Dùng "as though" (như thể là) không tự nhiên bằng cách diễn đạt trực tiếp hành động của truyền thông. ∙ B. often exaggerating or treating the actions of a few as typical - ĐÚNG : Đây là cụm phân từ (V-ing phrase) bổ sung ý nghĩa cho mệnh đề trước "media focuses too heavily...", giải thích cách truyền thông làm điều đó (phóng đại hoặc quy chụp). ∙ C. they are often exaggerated... - SAI : Tạo thành lỗi nối hai mệnh đề bằng dấu phẩy (Comma Splice) mà không có liên từ. ∙ D. media often exaggerates... - SAI : Lỗi Comma Splice tương tự câu C Dịch: Maurice Devlin của Đại học Maynooth cũng nghiên cứu cách truyền thông thể hiện thanh thiếu niên. Nhiều người tham gia cho rằng truyền thông tập trung quá nhiều vào hành vi tiêu cực, thường phóng đại hoặc xem hành vi của một số ít người như thể là của số đông . Một số người cũng nhận thấy rằng người lớn thể hiện những hành vi tương tự nhưng lại không bị đánh giá như vậy. Overall, negative stereotypes can seriously affect teenagers’ development. Therefore, (22) ____________. Question 22. A. reducing the use of these labels and promoting more positive and supportive ways of thinking B. concentrating on reducing harmful labels and promoting more positive and constructive views C. it is important to reduce these labels and replace them with more positive and supportive views D. efforts needed to remove these labels and replace them with more supportive and affirming views Giải thích: ∙ A. reducing the use... - SAI : Thiếu chủ ngữ và động từ chính (đây chỉ là cụm V-ing). ∙ B. concentrating on... - SAI : Tương tự A, thiếu cấu trúc câu hoàn chỉnh. ∙ C. it is important to reduce these labels and replace them with more positive and supportive views - ĐÚNG : Cấu trúc giả định "It is important to..." (Việc làm gì đó là quan trọng) hoàn thiện câu sau từ nối "Therefore". ∙ D. efforts needed to... - SAI : Câu thiếu động từ to be ("Efforts are needed..." mới đúng). Dịch: Tổng thể, những khuôn mẫu tiêu cực có thể ảnh hưởng nghiêm trọng đến sự phát triển của thanh thiếu niên. Vì vậy, rất quan trọng để giảm bớt những nhãn mác này và thay thế chúng bằng những quan điểm tích cực và mang tính hỗ trợ hơn .

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