Read the following advertisement and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option...

Read of the following leaflet and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 7 to 12.

Transform Your Workplace!

⮚        (7)_________ modern business demands constant adaptation and rapid learning. Our innovative training program completely (8)_________ the script on traditional management hierarchies.

⮚        (9)_________ standard mentorship usually flows downwards, this dynamic model intentionally pairs younger employees with senior executives to exchange valuable knowledge. Younger staff members provide fresh insights, helping leaders stay (10)_________ tune with emerging digital technologies and shifting market demands.

⮚        Consequently, this collaborative process naturally fosters (11)_________ across different age groups. Moreover, it empowers top directors to carefully (12)_________ blind spots in their daily operations and fix tangible gaps.

❖        Are you ready to bridge cultural gaps and drive ultimate efficiency? Join our program today! When you set ego aside, your organization becomes more inclusive, agile, and truly future-ready.

https://www.forbes.com/j

Question 7:A. A
B.  Ø (no article)
C.  The
D.  An

Question 8:A. reverses
B.  flips
C.  switches
D.  inverts

Question 9:A. While
B.  During
C.  Unless
D.  Since

Question 10:A. at
B.  for
C.  in
D.  to

Question 11:A. authentic communication leadership
B.  leadership communication authentic 

C.  communication authentic leadership
D.  authentic leadership communication

Question 12:A. inspect
B.  vet
C.  audit
D.  scan

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best arrangement of utterances or sentences to make a meaningful exchange or text in each of the following questions from 13 to 17.

Question 13:

A.         Alex: It is ironic that the same market that destroyed the planet is now getting rich by "saving" it!

B.         Sam: I just bought these expensive "eco-friendly" sneakers made by that giant, polluting fashion brand.

C.         Sam: Exactly, but if making a profit is the only fast way to clean up the earth, maybe we have to accept it.

A.  a-b-c
B.  b-a-c
C.  b-c-a
D.  c-a-b

Question 14:

A.         Leo: I am currently studying the glaciers in the Arctic, and they are melting much faster than scientists expected.

B.         Leo: If we combine our scientific research with your practical local actions, we might actually find a way to survive this climate crisis.

C.         Leo: Science can show us the exact melting points of the ice, but it cannot automatically build walls to protect your homes.

D.         Maya: Because the ice is disappearing so quickly, my small coastal town is facing terrible floods every single year.

e.        Maya: Although the scientific data is very scary, we really need this information so that we can prepare for the future.

A.  a-d-c-e-b
B.  d-e-b-c-a
C.  a-c-b-e-d
D.  c-d-e-a-b

Question 15:

Dear Sarah,

A.         Since I will be visiting your lovely city next month, I really hope we can meet up so that we can discuss this lifestyle further.

B.         Because I truly want to create a positive social impact, I have started a sustainable online business that supports various local communities.

C.         While I continue working remotely from different beautiful countries, I now focus on long-term projects that perfectly match my core professional values.

D.         Although I still love traveling around the world, I recently realized that I need to build a more stable and meaningful career.

e.        If you are seriously thinking about becoming a digital nomad yourself, you should definitely create a solid strategy before you resign from your current job.

Best regards,

J

A.  c-e-d-b-a
B.  e-c-b-d-a
C.  a-d-e-c-b
D.  d-b-c-e-a

Question 16:

A.         Underneath the soil, special fungi link the roots of different trees together, and this hidden system allows them to share valuable resources whenever they need help.

B.         Because this incredible communication system ensures the survival of the entire forest, we must protect these delicate ecosystems before human activities destroy them completely.

C.         Furthermore, when insects suddenly attack a specific plant, the injured tree sends chemical warning signals through the fungal network, so its neighbors can quickly build their defenses.

D.         Although trees in a forest seem completely independent, they are actually connected by a massive underground network that scientists call the "Wood Wide Web."

e.        If an older tree has extra sugar from photosynthesis, it will carefully transfer these essential nutrients to younger plants that are struggling in the dark shade.

A.  a-c-d-e-b
B.  e-c-a-d-b
C.  c-d-e-a-b
D.  d-a-e-c-b

Question 17:

A.         Because students are no longer afraid of making mistakes, they become much more confident, so they willingly explore creative solutions to complex challenges.

B.         In this innovative approach, teachers regularly track small daily improvements, and this detailed observation helps students understand their own learning progress without feeling stressed.

C.         Ultimately, if we truly want to prepare younger generations for a rapidly changing world, we must value their ongoing development rather than just praising their perfect achievements.

D.         Although traditional education systems strictly focus on final test scores, modern observable growth models emphasize continuous personal development, which benefits everyone.

e.        While standard grades only show a static final result, these new models celebrate the actual effort that learners consistently put into their difficult tasks.

A.  d-a-b-e-c
B.  d-e-a-c-b
C.  d-c-b-a-e
D.  d-b-e-a-c

Read the following passage about Insights into the Human Condition and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22.

In his insightful review, Sean O’Hagan navigates the profound landscapes of human existence by dissecting three distinct BBC broadcasts. (18)_________, that the listener discovers the hidden virtues of boredom. Rather than viewing idle moments as wasted time, Sansom identifies them as a sanctuary for mental restoration in an increasingly hectic world. Transitioning to the musical realm, O’Hagan highlights Dusty Springfield, (19)_________. Her refusal to perform for segregated audiences serves as a powerful testament to her soulful integrity, proving that art and morality are inextricably linked.

Moving toward the clinical world, the review shifts its focus to Dr. Aoife Abbey’s raw account of intensive care. The bureaucratic nature of modern medicine often overlooks individual grief; (20)_________. This dialogue acts as a bridge across a turbulent river, connecting the cold efficiency of hospitals with the warmth of human compassion. (21)_________, indeed, is the core element that binds the review together. By examining these three programs, O'Hagan manages to showcase the delicate balance between professional detachment and the visceral reality of suffering. Ultimately, these radio programs offer more than just information; (22)_________. The programs challenge our perceptions of routine and morality, so they create a lasting resonance that lingers long after the broadcast ends and the airwaves finally fall silent in the quiet night.

https://www.theguardian.com/j

Question 18:

A.  It is through Zoe Smith’s contemplative exploration of calmness, a deeply philosophical word

B.  It was through Paul Gilroy’s reflective exploration of quietness, a deeply philosophical work

C.  It is through bell hooks’ contemplative exploration of silence, a deeply philosophical works

D.  It is through Ian Sansom’s contemplative exploration of waiting, a deeply philosophical work

Question 19:

A.  whose unwavering commitment to social justice has made her an inviolable figure in pop history

B.  whose unwavering commitment to social justice made her an inviolable figure in pop history

C.  who had unwavering commitment to social justice makes her an inviolable figure in pop history

D.  which unwavering commitment to social justice made her an inviolable figure in pop history

Question 20:

A.  however, Abbey’s testimony serves as a vital reminder of the empathy required in life-and-death situations

B.  however, Abbey’s testimony serves as a vital reminder of empathy required in life-or-death situations

C.  however, Abbey’s testimony serves as a vital reminder of the empathy required in life-or-death situations

D.  however, Abbey’s testimony served as a vital reminder of the empathy required in life-or-death situations

Question 21:

A.  How these narratives illuminate the multifaceted manifestation of our daily struggles

B.  That these narratives illuminate the multifaceted manifestation of our daily struggles

C.  Whether these narratives illuminate the multifaceted manifestation of our daily struggles

D.  What these narratives illuminate the multifaceted manifestation of our daily struggles

Question 22:

A.  they provide a philosophical lens through which we can better understand ourself

B.  they provide a philosophical lens through which we can better understand ourselves

C.  they provide a philosophical lens by which we can better understand ourselves

D.  they provide a philosophical lens through which we may better understand ourselves

Read the following passage about Friction-maxxing and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

The Art of Intentional Inconvenience

Modern existence is defined by omnipresent digital shortcuts that promise peak efficiency but often leave us spiritually hollow. While technologies like food delivery apps or automated navigation offer immediate ease, they simultaneously infantilise users by stripping away the vital necessity of struggle. This "frictionless" lifestyle creates a psychological vacuum, where the absence of effort prevents individuals from experiencing the profound fulfillment typically derived from conquering life's inevitable, messy human hurdles.

Embracing "friction-maxxing" involves deliberately selecting cumbersome paths to expand one's mental boundaries. By manually researching complex subjects or opting for arduous physical journeys, people cultivate cognitive fortitude. These intentional inconveniences serve as a whetstone for the mind, sharpening our ability to endure discomfort. This philosophy acts as a lighthouse amidst the dense fog of modern instant gratification, steadily guiding us back toward a reality where all personal growth is truly earned.

Furthermore, this movement encourages pragmatic vulnerability through radical acts of imperfection. Hosting guests in an unpolished home, for instance, exposes us to the social sting of judgment. Instead of maintaining a curated facade, individuals learn to prioritize authenticity over artificial perfection. This shift fosters a thicker skin, allowing people to reclaim their agency. Consequently, they begin to view social friction not as a threat but as a powerful catalyst for transformation.

Ultimately, the goal isn't to reject innovation but to remain vigilant against tools that erode our sovereignty. Choosing the "hard way" transforms mundane chores into transformative exercises of self-discovery. By reintroducing struggle, we reveal hidden capacities and achieve a lasting sense of purpose. This intentional friction ensures that we do not become mere passengers in our own lives but active architects of a more meaningful, self-reliant human experience for everyone.

https://www.theguardian.com/j

Question 23: Based on the passage, which of the following is NOT mentioned as a suggested method of practicing "friction-maxxing"?

A.  Undertaking physically demanding journeys rather than convenient ones.

B.  Conducting manual research on sophisticated and difficult topics.

C.  Utilizing automated applications to monitor and restrict digital usage.

D.  Welcoming visitors into a home that has not been meticulously tidied.

Question 24: The word “omnipresent” in paragraph 1 is OPPOSITE in meaning to _________.

A.  sporadic                                        B. ubiquitous                        
C.  pervasive                                        D. profound

Question 25: The word “our” in paragraph 2 refers to _________.

A.  digital shortcuts                                                                                B. individuals

C.  cumbersome paths                                                                                D. mental boundaries

Question 26: The word “sting” in paragraph 3 could be best replaced by _________.

A.  solace                                        B. acclaim                                        C. amenity                                        D. distress

Question 27: Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 4?

A.  Calculated hardships empower individuals to reject superficiality while fostering significant growth and spiritual connectivity.

B.  Deliberate struggle prevents passive existence, allowing us to proactively design independent and purposeful lives.

C.  Systematic obstacles facilitate technological detachment, enabling people to achieve total efficiency through manual labor.

D.  Voluntary discomfort assists in overcoming modern distractions, ensuring that humanity preserves its authentic connections.

Question 28: Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A.  Ubiquitous digital shortcuts effectively prevent the infantilization of modern users.

B.  Friction-maxxing advocates for the absolute rejection of all modern innovations.

C.  Instant gratification serves as a primary guide toward personal development.

D.  Embracing intentional imperfections assists individuals in reclaiming their personal agency.

Question 29: In which paragraph does the author discuss a philosophy that serves as a navigational aid for individuals lost in a culture of immediate results?

A.  Paragraph 3                                B. Paragraph 1                                C. Paragraph 2                                D. Paragraph 4

Question 30: In which paragraph does the writer emphasize the importance of safeguarding one’s autonomy against the potentially corrosive effects of modern advancements?

A.  Paragraph 2                        
B.  Paragraph 3                                C. Paragraph 4                                D. Paragraph 1

Read the following passage about the Delhi’s Toxic "Fifth Season" and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

Delhi’s winter smog is no longer a natural phenomenon but a recurring anthropogenic "fifth season." [I] For millions, this toxic haze represents an environmental breakdown where the atmosphere is no longer safe for basic human existence. As temperatures drop, atmospheric inversion exacerbates the density of pollutants, trapping them near the surface. Clean air, though a prerequisite for survival, has become a fading luxury. It is a fundamental right that is being systematically violated. This seasonal crisis reflects a failure to protect a landscape that should be held in trust for future generations.

The crisis stems from a lethal cocktail of vehicular emissions, industrial combustion, and agricultural residue burning. These sources release hazardous particulates that penetrate deep into human lungs, bypassing traditional biological defenses. While the constitution guarantees a right to life, the current ecological state suggests a blatant infringement of this mandate. [II] Consequently, it highlights a growing disparity between legal ideals and the lived reality of those breathing in the toxic smog.

This environmental breakdown is fundamentally a dereliction of duty by those in power. Despite robust environmental jurisprudence, the implementation of clean air policies remains sluggish and fragmented. These policies often fail to achieve their intended outcomes. The systemic failure to curb emissions reflects a moral bankruptcy within the governance structure. [III] Instead of proactive measures, the city often waits for a total collapse before acting. This inertia transforms a manageable health issue into a perpetual struggle, where they sacrifice the fundamental right to breathe for industrial and political convenience at the expense of public health.

Ultimately, the smog serves as a gaseous cage, imprisoning a population within their own homes. This is not a transitory inconvenience but an existential threat requiring immediate mitigation strategies. [IV] Shifting the narrative from mere survival to restorative action is essential to reclaiming the atmosphere. The struggle for clean air in Delhi is a litmus test for modern civilization. Without urgent political will and societal transformation, the "fifth season" will continue to haunt the capital, claiming lives with silent, invisible hands and eroding the future for everyone.

https://www.newindianexpress.com/j

Question 31: The phrase “held in trust” in paragraph 1 has the closest meaning to _________.

A.  looked after                                B. given away                        C. taken over                                D. turned down

Question 32: According to the passage, which of the following is NOT MENTIONED as a cause of pollution?

A.  Vehicular emissions

B.  Improper disposal of household waste

C.  Industrial combustion

D.  Agricultural residue burning

Question 33: Where in the paragraph does the following sentence best fit?

Residents are forced into a survivalist mode, relying on masks to endure the day.

A. [I]
B. [II]
C. [III]
D. [IV]

Question 34: The word “blatant” in paragraph 2 is OPPOSITE in meaning to _________.

A.  overt                                                B. manifest                                C. pronounced                                D. inconspicuous

Question 35: Which of the following best summarises paragraph 3?

A.  Systematic governance failures and ethical compromises undermine the execution of existing environmental laws.

B.  Technical infrastructure constraints and financial deficits prevent the adoption of sustainable air policies.

C.  Spontaneous industrial growth and demographic shifts inevitably surpass the scope of legislative measures.

D.  Widespread public apathy and civilian negligence obstruct the administration’s dedicated efforts for restoration.

Question 36: The word “their” in paragraph 3 refers to _________.

A.  environmental laws                                                                        B. clean air policies

C.  governing authorities                                                                        D. industrial sectors

Question 37: Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 4?

A.  Continuous reliance on reactive policies instead of proactive measures ensures that seasonal smog remains a manageable rather than existential threat.

B.  Constitutional guarantees regarding the right to life are fundamentally incompatible with current industrial requirements and the city's unique geographical limitations.

C.  Environmental jurisprudence and existing clean air policies provide a sufficient framework for restoration regardless of any further radical societal transformation.

D.  Lacking immediate political resolve and profound social metamorphosis, this toxic cycle will continue claiming lives and dismantling long-term stability.

Question 38: Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A.  Atmospheric inversion traps pollutants near the surface, worsening toxic density.

B.  Natural seasonal cycles remain the primary cause of urban smog.

C.  Current clean air policies successfully achieve their intended environmental goals.

D.  The winter haze is a temporary inconvenience rather than existential.

Question 39: Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

A.  Delhi’s environmental crisis is primarily driven by uncontrollable natural phenomena.

B.  Mask-wearing residents have successfully mitigated the long-term health risks identified.

C.  Judicial mandates are insufficient without consistent enforcement and political integrity.

D.  Urban pollution levels remain manageable through current industrial and political measures.

Question 40: Which of the following best summarises the passage?

A.  Seasonal temperature inversions primarily dictate the inevitable density of harmful urban atmospheric toxic pollutants.

B.  Negligent governance and ethical erosion convert anthropogenic pollution into a profound existential human threat.

C.  Modern industrial requirements and geographical constraints fundamentally prevent the effective implementation of existing jurisprudence.

D.  Extensive public negligence and civilian indifference obstruct the government’s dedicated restorative environmental clean policies.