Read the following announcement and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option t...

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 20 to 29.

        [I] Recently, a widely circulated online story involving two figures referred to as Khầy and Tym sparked intense debate on social media. While many discussions focused on the personal aspects of the story, others began examining it from a psychological perspective. [II] Some observers suggested that the situation illustrated a pattern commonly described by psychologists as gaslighting. [III] Gaslighting refers to a form of psychological manipulation in which one individual gradually causes another to doubt their own perception of reality, memory, or judgment. [IV]

        The term originates from a twentieth-century stage play and its later film adaptation, in which a husband manipulates small aspects of the household environment while repeatedly insisting to his wife that nothing has changed. Over time, the wife becomes increasingly uncertain about her own observations and eventually begins to question her sanity. Psychologists later adopted the term gaslighting to describe similar dynamics in interpersonal relationships.

        In contemporary psychology, gaslighting is not typically associated with overt aggression. Instead, it often unfolds through a sequence of subtle conversational strategies. A manipulator may deny earlier statements, reinterpret events in ways that shift responsibility, or imply that the other person’s emotional reactions are exaggerated or irrational. This pattern, repeated over time, can gradually erode the victim’s confidence in their own interpretations of events.

        Researchers note that the effectiveness of gaslighting partly lies in its cumulative nature. Individual incidents may appear trivial when viewed in isolation; however, their repeated occurrence creates a broader framework in which the victim increasingly relies on the manipulator’s explanations. As this dependence intensifies, the victim may begin to interpret ambiguous situations through the manipulator’s perspective rather than their own.

        Understanding such psychological dynamics is important not only for academic research but also for everyday social awareness. Public discussions, even those originating from viral online stories, sometimes bring attention to complex psychological concepts. When examined critically, these discussions can encourage individuals to recognize patterns of manipulation and maintain greater autonomy in their relationships.

Question 20. Where in paragraph 1 does the following sentence best fit?

“Consequently, the discussion gradually shifted from personal gossip to broader psychological interpretation.”

A. [I]
B. [II]
C. [III]
D. [IV]

Question 21. According to paragraph 2, what was the original context in which the concept of gaslighting appeared?

A. A psychological research experiment
B. A scientific article about mental illness

C. A stage play later adapted into a film
D. A sociological study about family relationships

Question 22. The word “adopted” in paragraph 2 is CLOSEST in meaning to ____________.

A. gradually modified
B. accepted and began using        

C. critically questioned
D. formally rejected

Question 23. The phrase “This pattern” in paragraph 3 refers to ____________.

        A. the victim’s emotional instability                        

        B. the popularity of social media discussions

        C. the development of psychological research        

        D. the manipulator’s use of subtle conversational strategies

Question 24. According to paragraph 3, which of the following is NOT mentioned as a strategy used in gaslighting?

A. Denying previous statements
B. Reinterpreting events to shift responsibility

C. Physically threatening the victim
D. Suggesting that the victim is overly emotional

Question 25. Which of the following best summarizes paragraph 4?

A. Gaslighting mainly occurs when victims lack emotional stability and are unable to evaluate situations rationally.

B. Gaslighting works mainly because individual incidents appear insignificant but accumulate over time.

C. Gaslighting usually succeeds when victims immediately accept the manipulator’s claims without questioning them.

D. Gaslighting tends to appear only in relationships where one person clearly dominates the other from the beginning.

Question 26. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

        A. Victims of gaslighting rarely question their own perception.

        B. The manipulator’s influence often increases gradually through repeated interactions.

        C. Gaslighting is limited to romantic relationships and has minor impacts on social relationships.

        D. Gaslighting usually involves obvious and immediate psychological pressure.

Question 27. Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 4?

        A. Isolated incidents usually cause immediate concern.

        B. Every incident is clearly significant on its own.

        C. Separate events are often impossible to evaluate.

        D. Each event may seem unimportant when considered separately.

Question 28. What can be inferred from the passage?

        A. Gaslighting is primarily a historical phenomenon.

        B. Viral social media stories always present accurate information.

        C. Only trained psychologists can identify manipulation.

        D. Psychological manipulation is often difficult to recognize at an early stage.

Question 29. Which of the following best summarizes the passage?

A. Online discussions about relationships often create misunderstandings that lead people to misinterpret complex psychological concepts.

B. Gaslighting is a subtle form of psychological manipulation that can gradually undermine a person’s confidence in their own perception of reality.

C. Psychological manipulation appears mainly in unusual situations where individuals experience strong emotional pressure in their relationships.

D. A viral story involving Khầy and Tym has attracted attention mainly because it reflects the growing influence of social media discussions on personal relationships.

Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the best arrangement of utterances or sentences to make a meaningful exchange or text in each of the following questions from 30 to 34.

Question 30. 

A.  Zoe: I think I’ll present Marie Curie because her scientific achievements were groundbreaking.

B.  Zoe: Who will you present for the inspirational person project?

C.  Leo: I’m going to talk about Nelson Mandela - his leadership really inspires me.

A. a – b – c
B. b – c – a
C. c – b – a
D. a – c – b

Question 31. 

A.  Sophie: I’m thinking about applying for a marketing internship. What about you?

B.  Jake: I believe that a gap year will give me a chance to figure out what I really want to do.

C.  Jake: I’m not sure yet - maybe take a gap year to travel.

D.  Jake: Have you decided what you’re going to do after graduation?

e. Sophie: That sounds amazing. I wish I had the courage to do something like that.

A. b – a – c – e – d
B. d – a – c – e – b
C. d – e – b – a – c
D. b – e – c – a – d

Question 32. 

Dear Mia,

A. I chose a variety of plants, including herbs, vegetables, and a few colourful flowers to create a lively atmosphere.

B. Have you ever thought about starting a garden at your place?

C. Although setting everything up took a lot of effort, seeing the first flowers bloom made it completely worthwhile.

D. It would be great to hear your ideas and maybe even swap some gardening tips!

e. Recently, I decided to turn the rooftop into a small garden, and it has been one of the most rewarding projects I've ever done.

Best wishes,

Liam

A. e – c – a – b – d
B. a – c – b – d – e
C. d – c – a – b – e
D. b – e – d – c – a

Question 33. 

A. The most valuable lesson I learned was the importance of acquiring the local language.

B. Moving to a new country can be overwhelming at first, as there are many unfamiliar aspects to navigate.

C. Fortunately, I received support from friends, and over time, I began to enjoy the vibrant atmosphere of Mexican towns and cities.

D. Ultimately, while adjusting to a new environment may be difficult at first, perseverance and learning the language can make the experience enjoyable and fulfilling.

e. When I relocated to Mexico, I struggled with various challenges, particularly understanding how to pay bills, which initially made me feel discouraged.

A. e – c – a – b – d
B. a – e – b – c – d
C. b – e – c – a – d
D. c – a – e – b – d

Question 34. 

A. Eventually, I decided that a workplace that fails to recognise equal effort is not the right place for me.

B. This unjust treatment not only undermined my confidence but also created a hostile work environment.

C. At my previous workplace, I experienced a frustrating form of discrimination.

D. I attempted to address the issue with my manager, yet my concerns were largely disregarded.

e. Despite possessing the same qualifications as my colleagues, I was repeatedly overlooked for important projects.

A. c – e – b – d – a
B. e – d – c – b – a
C. b – c – d – e – a
D. d – b – e – c – a

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 12 to 19.

        The Strait of Hormuz is one of the most strategically important waterways in the world. Located between Iran and Oman, this narrow passage connects the Persian Gulf to the Gulf of Oman and the Arabian Sea. A significant portion of the world’s oil supply passes through this route every day, making it essential for global energy markets and international trade.

        Because of its economic importance, the strait has often been at the center of geopolitical tensions. Countries that depend heavily on oil shipments carefully monitor the security of this area. Any disruption to shipping activities in the strait could influence oil prices and affect economies worldwide. For this reason, many nations consider the stability of the region extremely important.

        The narrow geography of the Strait of Hormuz also contributes to its strategic significance. At its narrowest point, the waterway is only a few dozen kilometers wide. Large oil tankers must pass through designated shipping lanes to avoid accidents and ensure safe navigation. These routes are closely monitored by international maritime authorities.

        To better understand global energy security, it is helpful to learn about important transportation routes like the Strait of Hormuz. Studying such locations allows people to see how geography, economics, and politics are closely connected in the modern world.

Question 12. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a reason why the Strait of Hormuz is important?

A. It is the deepest waterway in the world.
B. It plays a role in international trade.

C. A large amount of global oil passes through it.
D. It connects major bodies of water.

Question 13. The word “significant” in paragraph 1 is CLOSEST in meaning to ____________.

A. unusual
B. limited
C. temporary
D. large

Question 14. The word “disruption” in paragraph 2 is OPPOSITE in meaning to ____________.

A. continuity
B. disability
C. disorder
D. inference

Question 15. The word “These” in paragraph 3 refers to ____________.

A. maritime authorities
B. accidents        

C. shipping lanes
D. oil tankers

Question 16. Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 4?

A. Learning about transportation routes mainly shows how geography influences trade but has little connection to political issues.

B. Studying global transportation routes only explains economic development without considering geographical or political factors.

C. Learning about major transportation routes helps people understand how geography, economics, and politics are closely connected.

D. Studying transportation routes mainly focuses on geographical features and rarely relates to economic or political issues.

Question 17. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

        A. The strait plays a major role in global energy transportation.

        B. Few countries pay attention to the security of the strait.

        C. Oil tankers can travel anywhere in the strait without restrictions.

        D. The Strait of Hormuz is located between Iran and Saudi Arabia.

Question 18. In which paragraph does the writer describe the geopolitical importance of the Strait of Hormuz?

A. Paragraph 2
B. Paragraph 4
C. Paragraph 3
D. Paragraph 1

Question 19. In which paragraph does the writer give advice about understanding global energy issues?

A. Paragraph 2
B. Paragraph 4
C. Paragraph 3
D. Paragraph 1

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 5.

        The Middle East has long been a region where political interests, security concerns, and historical tensions intersect. Among the most widely discussed rivalries in recent years are those involving the United States, Israel, and Iran. These countries view regional stability through different strategic perspectives. (1) ____________, tensions between these countries increased, and regional security became more fragile.

        Iran’s nuclear programme has remained one of the most controversial issues in international politics. The United States and Israel have repeatedly expressed concern that Iran could develop nuclear weapons capable of altering the balance of power in the Middle East. Iran, however, maintains that its nuclear activities are intended for peaceful purposes such as energy production and scientific research, a claim (2) ____________.

        (3) ____________. Instead of large-scale battles between national armies, tensions have often appeared in indirect forms such as economic sanctions, cyber operations, and military activities carried out by allied groups across the region.

        Although tensions periodically increase, many international organizations and diplomatic actors continue to work toward peaceful solutions. Their efforts focus on promoting dialogue, building trust, and (4) ____________ among nations.

        Today, (5) ____________. Despite these ongoing tensions, analysts continue to examine the political, economic, and historical factors that influence relations among these countries.

Question 1. 

        A. But geopolitical competition in the region intensified

        B. As geopolitical competition in the region intensified

        C. Although geopolitical competition in the region intensified

        D. Because geopolitical competition in the region intensified

Question 2. 

        A. who continues to debate governments and international observers

        B. whom governments and international observers debated

        C. which continues to be debated by governments and international observers

        D. where governments and international observers continue debating it

Question 3. 

        A. In many cases, the countries involved stop competing for influence and start to reach agreement

        B. In many cases, the countries immediately avoided developing into large conventional wars

        C. In many cases, tensions make the countries involved completely avoid political disagreements

        D. In many cases, tensions between these countries occur indirectly rather than through open warfare

Question 4. 

A. encouraging cooperation
B. encourage cooperation

C. encouragement cooperation
D. encouraged cooperation

Question 5. 

        A. the situation remains complex and unpredictable

        B. the countries involved no longer disagree about security

        C. all political disagreements have already been resolved

        D. political tensions have completely disappeared

Read the following leaflet and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 6 to 11.

LOST DOG – PLEASE HELP!

        Our family dog, Max, has gone missing from Maple Street since last Saturday evening. Max is a (6) ____________ with a shiny coat and a small white mark on his chest. He was last seen near the community park, and we are offering a generous reward for anyone who can provide reliable information leading to his safe return.

        Max is about three years old and responds well to his name. He is wearing a blue collar with a tag showing our phone number. If you happen to see a dog matching this description, please approach him slowly (7) ____________ he may feel nervous in an unfamiliar environment.

        We kindly ask anyone who finds him to (8) ____________ us immediately so we can come and bring him home. Your help would mean a great deal (9) ____________ our family, as Max has been a beloved companion for (10) ____________ years.

        If you have any information, please contact us at 0903-456-789 or email helpfindmax@email.com. Every small (11) ____________ could be in helping us reunite with our dog.

Question 6.
A. retriever friendly golden
B. friendly retriever golden

C. friendly golden retriever
D. golden retriever friendly

Question 7.
A. but
B. because
C. thus
D. although

Question 8.
A. keep
B. contact
C. deliver
D. collect

Question 9.
A. for
B. with
C. through
D. to

Question 10.
A. much
B. some
C. few
D. many

Question 11.
A. detail
B. suggestion
C. clue
D. trait