Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best arrangement of utterances or sentences...

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions.

        The concept of integrated ecotourism, where local communities, conservationists, and travel agencies collaborate to protect biodiversity while hosting visitors, has gained significant traction. Modern technology keeps this delicate balance on track. Advanced tools such as satellite monitoring, mobile applications, and AI-driven management systems are used to optimize sustainable travel practices. Additionally, real-time data on wildlife movements and trail conditions enables managers to accelerate the decision-making process that maximizes visitor experience while minimizing environmental impact.

        GIS and remote sensing allow park rangers and tour operators to precisely map out sensitive ecological zones and create customized trekking routes. This ensures that human foot traffic is directed away from vulnerable habitats based on seasonal breeding patterns and soil erosion data. By avoiding "over-tourism" in fragile areas, communities can maintain their natural capital for the long term. Smart sensors and acoustic monitoring provide advance warnings of illegal activities like poaching or logging, allowing authorities to intercede without disturbing the entire forest. This, therefore, helps curb habitat destruction and save costs for every stakeholder involved in the project.

        Technology also plays a vital role in optimizing resource consumption for sustainable lodging. Specialized IoT (Internet of Things) devices report energy and water usage hour by hour, while smart grids manage renewable energy from solar or wind sources. Automated waste management systems track the footprint of each eco-lodge and suggest reductions in single-use materials. This cuts operational costs and protects local watersheds while keeping the ecosystem healthy. In remote, pristine environments, such efficiency keeps ecotourism projects economically viable without compromising the landscape.

        The digital trail continues throughout the entire traveler’s journey. Cloud platforms let eco-guides, transport providers, and local artisans input visitor numbers, carbon offset credits, and feedback the moment they are generated, while blockchain records ensure the transparency of "green" certifications so travelers can trust them. Analytic tools combine years of data to forecast seasonal trends, spot conservation opportunities, and mark weak points in the tourist workflow. This allows ecotourism planners to anticipate market demand, exploit resource allocation, and plan for potential climate challenges.

Adapted from: https://ecotourism.org/what-is-ecotourism/

Question 1. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in paragraph 1 as a factor contributing to the optimization of sustainable travel?

        A. The immediate accessibility of data regarding wildlife and trail conditions.

        B. The implementation of carbon tax policies to discourage frequent traveling.

        C. The collaboration between local communities and conservationists.

        D. The use of satellite monitoring and AI-driven management.

Question 2. The word “delicate” in paragraph 1 can be best replaced by ____________.

A. subtle
B. flimsy
C. precarious
D. intricate

Question 3. The word “intercede” in paragraph 2 is OPPOSITE in meaning to ____________.

A. arbitrate
B. mediate
C. acquiesce
D. intervene

Question 4. The word “This” in paragraph 3 refers to ____________.

        A. reporting energy and water usage

        B. managing automated waste systems

        C. tracking footprints and suggesting reductions in single-use materials

        D. managing renewable energy

Question 5. Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 3?

“In remote, pristine environments, such efficiency keeps ecotourism projects economically viable without compromising the landscape.”

        A. Ecotourism projects in isolated areas are cheap to run but they often damage the local scenery.

        B. High efficiency allows tourism in untouched areas to be profitable while still protecting nature.

        C. To save the environment, remote tourism projects must accept that they will not make any profit.

        D. Pristine landscapes are the only places where ecotourism projects can save money effectively.

Question 6. Which of the following is TRUE according to paragraph 4?

A. Blockchain technology is primarily used to track the physical location of travelers during their entire journey.

B. Digital platforms only allow local artisans to sell their unique products to many international tourists worldwide.

C. Historical data analysis helps planners prepare for future market needs and potential environmental shifts or challenges.

D. Climate challenges are the only factors that analytic tools fail to forecast accurately in ecotourism planning.

Question 7. Which paragraph discuses the strategic redirection of tourist flows to protect sensitive reproductive cycles of wildlife?

A. Paragraph 3
B. Paragraph 1
C. Paragraph 2
D. Paragraph 4

Question 8. Which paragraph mentions the integration of decentralized ledger technology to verify environmental claims?

A. Paragraph 1
B. Paragraph 2
C. Paragraph 4
D. Paragraph 3

Read the following leaflet and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks.

Why Choose Vocational Education?

If you are unsure about your future after high school, vocational education may be a smart option for you. Here are several suggestions to help you make the most (14) ____________ your learning journey:

• Choose a course that matches your interests (15) ____________ your natural abilities.

• Develop practical job skills and build a strong career foundation through hands-on training.

• Learn to operate modern machines and use advanced technical equipment in real workplace settings.

• Some students prefer academic studies, while others feel more confident in (16) ____________.

• Work closely with instructors and (17) ____________ industry experts who can guide you toward employment opportunities.

• Vocational education often works (18) ____________ in helping learners secure stable jobs without spending many years at university.

Vocational education equips you with essential experience and prepares you for immediate (19) ____________ into the workforce.

Question 14.
A. of
B. in
C. at
D. to

Question 15.
A. so
B. or
C. but
D. nor

Question 16. 

A. skill-based programs training
B. training skill-based programs

C. skill-based training programs
D. programs skill-based training

Question 17.
A. others
B. another
C. the other
D. other

Question 18.
A. wonders
B. legends
C. values
D. miracles

Question 19.
A. integration
B. entry
C. assimilation
D. induction

Read the following announcement and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks.

Global Student Summit 2026 – Empowering Future Leaders

        Taking place from August 10th to 14th at the International Convention Centre in Singapore, the Global Student Summit 2026 will gather outstanding students (25) ____________ come from more than 50 countries around the world. The program aims to connect young leaders with (26) ____________ educational institutions and international organizations.

        Participants will engage in a wide (27) ____________ of workshops, leadership training sessions, and cultural exchange activities designed to enhance critical thinking and global awareness. The summit will also feature keynote speeches (28) ____________ by distinguished speakers and successful entrepreneurs, inspiring students to pursue their ambitions confidently.

        This event is an excellent opportunity for students to build global networks, develop essential skills, and (29) ____________ valuable experience in an international environment. Don’t miss the chance (30) ____________ part in shaping a better future together!

For more information, visit https://globalstudentsummit.org/.

Question 25.
A. whom
B. who
C. which
D. whose

Question 26.
A. driving
B. rising
C. growing
D. leading

Question 27.
A. range
B. deal
C. number
D. plenty

Question 28.
A. delivering
B. delivered
C. deliver
D. to deliver

Question 29.
A. make
B. take
C. gain
D. do

Question 30.
A. taking
B. take
C. takes
D. to take

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions.

        We are witnessing a high-stakes transition in the global power sector – a shift that is frequently obscured by the strategic use of "green" rhetoric to bypass the inconvenient realities of industrial expansion. [I] Picture a utility giant that claims to be "powering the future" with wind and solar. Genuine decarbonization would require a painful dismantling of coal-fired assets, massive investment in long-duration storage, and a fundamental reconfiguration of the national grid. Far more convenient is to procure "Renewable Energy Certificates" (RECs) – financial instruments that allow firms to claim green credentials on paper while their physical turbines continue to draw power from a gas-heavy mix. This tactic meets the public at every light switch: tech corporations boast of 100% renewable data centers, yet these facilities often remain tethered to fossil-fuel grids, offset only by accounting maneuvers.

        The narrative of "clean" energy has flourished as climate anxiety reaches a fever pitch, yet the real explosion of green-labeling has often ignored the material intensity of the transition. Faced with mounting pressure to abandon hydrocarbons, many energy boards prefer glossy PR highlighting a single hydrogen pilot project over addressing the ecological footprint of their supply chains. [II] Such corporate sleight of hand is particularly evident in the mining sector; the extraction of lithium, cobalt, and rare earth minerals for "green" tech often involves significant biodiversity loss and human rights concerns. [III]

        Why does this matter? The obsession with "bridge fuels" (like natural gas) and the over-reliance on future carbon-capture technologies share a core objective: to postpone the radical systemic shifts required to stay within planetary boundaries. [IV] Whereas traditional denial was easy to identify, the new "green" consensus lulls the public into believing the climate crisis is a solved engineering problem. Under this collective illusion, the scrutiny on energy-intensive lifestyles evaporates and the structural reforms needed to reduce total energy demand are delayed indefinitely. Green energy rhetoric thus acts as a comforting narrative, promising a seamless transition without sacrifice. Exposing these half-truths is essential if we are to move beyond carbon accounting tricks toward a truly regenerative energy landscape.

Adapted from: https://energytheory.com/what-is-green-energy-definition-importance-and-examples/

Question 31. According to paragraph 1, what is the primary function of Renewable Energy Certificates (RECs) for many utility giants?

        A. To facilitate the massive investment needed for long-duration energy storage.

        B. To serve as a paper-based validation for green claims while maintaining fossil-fuel usage.

        C. To provide a practical roadmap for dismantling existing coal-fired power plants.

        D. To bridge the technological gap between national grids and solar energy facilities.

Question 32. Which of the following best summarises paragraph 1?

        A. Technology corporations are leading the world in making data centers 100% renewable.

        B. Many energy companies use accounting tricks to hide their continued use of fossil fuels.

        C. The transition to green energy is happening faster than we previously expected.

        D. Utility companies are spending a lot of money to improve their national grids.

Question 33. Which of the following is NOT stated as an example of the material intensity mentioned in paragraph 2?

        A. The direct conversion of hydrogen pilot projects into national power sources.

        B. The ecological footprint left by supply chains of energy boards.

        C. The loss of biodiversity resulting from mining rare minerals.

        D. The extraction of cobalt and lithium for green technologies.

Question 34. The word “mounting” in paragraph 2 mostly means ____________.

A. accumulating
B. surpassing
C. protruding
D. escalating

Question 35. The word “their” in paragraph 1refers to ____________.

A. data centers
B. renewable light switches

C. accounting maneuvers
D. tech corporations

Question 36. Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 3?

“Green energy rhetoric thus acts as a comforting narrative, promising a seamless transition without sacrifice.”

        A. The story of green energy is very easy to understand for all normal people.

        B. Talking about green energy makes people feel safe and expect no future difficulties.

        C. People are happy because the transition to green energy will not cost any money.

        D. Using green energy is the only way to protect our world without changing anything.

Question 37. According to the passage, natural gas is mentioned as ____________.

        A. a "bridge fuel" used to delay systemic changes

        B. a proven solution to the current climate crisis

        C. a process that is never hidden by rhetoric

        D. a process that has no impact on human rights

Question 38. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

A. Real environmental change is completely impossible without using various types of Renewable Energy Certificates today.

B. The general public has become much more critical of energy-intensive lifestyles because of green labeling.

C. Over-reliance on future technology might prevent necessary changes in our current patterns of energy consumption.

D. The mining sector represents the only industry that truthfully reports its negative environmental impact nowadays.

Question 39. Where in the passage does the following sentence best fit?

“While regulators in various jurisdictions are beginning to demand life-cycle assessments, the marketing creativity of "zero-emission" vehicles often outpaces the transparency of their production.”

A. [II]
B. [I]
C. [III]
D. [IV]

Question 40. Which of the following best summarises the passage?

A. The article criticizes the use of green rhetoric and accounting maneuvers by corporations to mask the environmental costs and delay radical systemic energy reforms.

B. The author argues that carbon-capture technologies and natural gas are essential bridge fuels that will eventually lead to a regenerative and healthy global energy landscape.

C. The text explores the technological advancements in wind and solar power that allow global corporations to transition away from fossil fuels without any economic sacrifice.

D. This report highlights how climate anxiety has forced the mining sector to improve its human rights record while producing lithium and cobalt for modern electric vehicles.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks.

        Choosing a university major has become one of the most challenging decisions for Vietnamese students today. Apart from personal interests and academic strengths, students must also consider parental expectations, social trends, and future employment prospects, (9) ____________. Many students find themselves torn between pursuing their passion and selecting a field that promises financial stability.

        In addition, the rapid development of technology and the labour market makes career planning even more complicated. (10) ____________. As a result, students often feel anxious about whether their chosen major will remain relevant in the long term.

        Another significant difficulty lies in the lack of proper career guidance at schools. (11) ____________, they are not always sufficient or up to date, leaving students uncertain about appropriate career choices. Without reliable information, students may rely heavily on advice from friends or follow popular trends without careful consideration.

        (12) ____________. In many Vietnamese families, parents tend to influence or even decide their children’s academic paths, believing that they know what is best for them. This pressure can lead to internal conflicts and dissatisfaction later in life.

        Therefore, it is essential for students to carefully evaluate their abilities, interests, and long-term goals before making a final decision, (13) ____________. Only by doing so can they choose a suitable major and build a fulfilling career in the future.

Question 9. 

        A. which makes the decision-making process even more overwhelming

        B. made the decision-making process even more overwhelming

        C. to make the decision-making process even more overwhelming

        D. making the decision-making process even more overwhelming

Question 10. 

A. The labour market changes at a slow pace, so students rarely worry about their future prospects.

B. Technological innovation creates various job opportunities, and it guarantees stable employment for most graduates.

C. New professions are constantly emerging, while others are gradually becoming obsolete, making it difficult for students to foresee long-term career prospects.

D. Many traditional occupations continue to remain stable, and students can easily make long-term career plans.

Question 11. 

        A. Notwithstanding the provision of counselling services by certain institutions

        B. Given that counselling services are widely available in institutions

        C. In view of the provision of counselling services by certain institutions

        D. On the grounds that institutions provide counselling services

Question 12. 

        A. Students are always confident in making independent decisions

        B. Parental pressure is another factor that cannot be ignored

        C. Financial constraints are rarely taken into consideration by students

        D. Social media plays no role in shaping career choices

Question 13. 

        A. because they are influenced by external expectations blindly

        B. without influenced by external expectations blindly

        C. instead of being influenced by external expectations blindly

        D. despite being influenced by external expectations blindly