Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best arrangement of utterances or sentences...

Read the following leaflet and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 6.

How to Protect Our Environment?

        Protecting the environment is the responsibility of not only governments but also (1) ____________ individual in the community. In today’s rapidly changing world, environmental problems are becoming more serious and visible. Small daily actions can make a big (2) ____________ in protecting our planet for future generations. For example, you can reduce waste by using reusable bags and bottles instead of single-use plastic items.

        Another important step is to support local businesses that promote (3) ____________ and sustainable farming methods in your area. In addition, switching off electrical devices when they are not (4) ____________ use helps cut down on energy consumption at home and in the workplace.

        You should also encourage other people around you to take part in community clean-up (5) ____________ and environmental workshops, (6) ____________ these activities help raise awareness and build a greener, more sustainable future for everyone.

Question 1.
A. another
B. many
C. every
D. all

Question 2.
A. effort
B. arrangement
C. choice
D. difference

Question 3.
A. products environmentally friendly
B. friendly environmentally products

C. environmentally products friendly
D. environmentally friendly products

Question 4.
A. on
B. in
C. of
D. at

Question 5.
A. missions
B. campaigns
C. operations
D. drives

Question 6.
A. therefore
B. however
C. because
D. although

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

        In the digital age, the role of newspapers has evolved significantly. Traditionally, newspapers were the primary source of information, providing news, opinion pieces, and advertisements to a wide audience. However, with the rise of the internet and social media, the newspaper industry has had to adapt to new technologies and changing consumer habits. Many people now turn to online platforms for instant access to news, which has led to a decline in print subscriptions.

        Despite the challenges posed by digital media, newspapers continue to play a crucial role in society. They provide in-depth analysis, investigative journalism, and local coverage that is often not available through digital-only platforms. Print newspapers still hold significant credibility among many readers, especially older generations who value the physical format. They are also important in reaching audiences in areas with limited internet access, ensuring that all communities stay informed.

        Moreover, newspapers have adapted by embracing digital platforms to reach a broader audience. Many major newspapers now have online versions, offering news articles, multimedia content, and interactive features. This shift has allowed newspapers to maintain their relevance and remain competitive in the digital landscape. The move to digital has also led to the rise of subscription-based models, where readers pay for premium content, creating new revenue streams for traditional media outlets.

        However, the digital transformation has not been without its challenges. Newspapers face increasing competition from social media platforms, blogs, and online news outlets, which often provide quicker updates and attract younger audiences. Additionally, the rise of fake news and misinformation on digital platforms has made it more difficult for traditional newspapers to maintain their position as trusted sources of information. Despite these challenges, newspapers continue to play a vital role in providing accurate and reliable news in an ever-changing media landscape.

Question 23. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a traditional role of newspapers?

A. Providing advertisements
B. Providing opinion pieces

C. Providing real-time news updates
D. Providing news

Question 24. The word “instant” in paragraph 1 is OPPOSITE in meaning to ____________.

A. constant
B. immediate
C. gradual
D. sudden

Question 25. The word “They” in paragraph 2 refers to ____________.

A. Print newspapers
B. Audiences
C. Readers
D. Older generations

Question 26. The word “trusted” in paragraph 4 could be best replaced by ____________.

A. dependent
B. incredible
C. reliable
D. suspicious

Question 27. Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 3?

A. This adjustment has helped newspapers assert their dominance and compete in the digital era.

B. This transformation has helped newspapers stay outdated and struggle in the digital age.

C. The shift has allowed newspapers to become less relevant and less competitive in the digital world.

D. This change has enabled newspapers to stay relevant and stay competitive in the digital age.

Question 28. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A. Print newspapers are only used by older generations now.

B. The shift to digital platforms has created new revenue opportunities for newspapers.

C. The rise of digital media has completely replaced the role of print newspapers.

D. Fake news and misinformation are not issues for traditional newspapers.

Question 29. In which paragraph does the writer mention a causal relationship in which one factor has led to a decrease in another?

A. Paragraph 4
B. Paragraph 3
C. Paragraph 2
D. Paragraph 1

Question 30. In which paragraph does the writer discuss the challenges newspapers face in maintaining their credibility in a changing media environment?

A. Paragraph 3
B. Paragraph 2
C. Paragraph 1
D. Paragraph 4

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

The Hidden Economy of Browser Cookies: Tracking the Trackers

        Every time you browse the internet, a quiet trade takes place. Bits of your behaviour are recorded, analysed, and often sold without you noticing. Browser cookies, small files that websites place on your device, started out as simple tools for convenience. Today, they can also support wide-scale tracking that fuels a huge data market. First-party cookies, set by the sites you actually visit, usually do harmless jobs like keeping you logged in or saving what is in your shopping cart. Third-party cookies are more intrusive. They can follow you from site to site and help build detailed profiles of your interests, routines, and even weak points. Over time, this system turns ordinary users into products, with browsing habits collected and traded to advertisers who want sharper targeting.

        [I] It raises hard questions about consent and control, and about how much power sits with large tech firms compared with everyday users. Cookie tracking can enable prediction: systems may guess political views or health worries from a trail of clicks. [II] Many people find that unsettling. And while “cookie consent” banners claim to offer choice, they often push users in one direction. Some rely on dark patterns, design tricks that make “accept all” easy and “reject” slow, hidden, or confusing. [III] Add the fact that data practices are rarely clear, and most people never see the full picture. [IV] In some cases, data collected for ads can be combined and resold by brokers, and it may affect decisions in areas like credit, insurance, or hiring.

        Rules and browser changes suggest the system is starting to shift. In Europe, strict privacy laws have pressured companies to limit third-party tracking, and major browsers have moved toward reducing support for third-party cookies. Consumer groups also argue for clearer disclosure so people can understand who is collecting what, and why. Still, the incentives to track users remain strong. Advertising businesses depend on it, and new tools may simply repeat the same behaviour under a different name. For users, the lesson is practical: “free” services often come with hidden costs. Protecting privacy takes some personal action and, just as importantly, public pressure for better standards.

Question 31. Where in the passage does the following sentence best fit: "The impact goes beyond advertising."?

A. [II]
B. [III]
C. [IV]
D. [I]

Question 32. The phrase "a quiet trade takes place" in paragraph 1 is CLOSEST in meaning to ____________.

A. a silent exchange happens in the background
B. an official audit is announced to users

C. a legal dispute is settled through courts
D. a public debate becomes widely visible

Question 33. The word "it" in paragraph 3 refers to ____________.

A. advertising business.
B. clearer disclosure        

C. consumer group
D. user tracking

Question 34. According to paragraph 1, which of the following is NOT true about first-party cookies?

A. They help websites remember the specific items stored in a shopping cart.

B. They are primarily designed to enhance user convenience while browsing.

C. They are the main tools used by advertisers to build cross-site profiles.

D. They are responsible for maintaining a user's login status on a specific site.

Question 35. Which of the following best summarises the main content of paragraph 2?

A. Beyond marketing, cookie tracking creates significant privacy risks and ethical concerns by manipulating user choice and influencing life-altering decisions.

B. Dark patterns in cookie banners are being eliminated because they make the "reject" option too confusing for the average internet user.

C. Data brokers are now legally required to combine and resell information to ensure that insurance and hiring decisions are based on data.

D. Tech firms are using prediction systems to help users manage their health worries and political views more effectively through clicks.

Question 36. The word "intrusive" in paragraph 1 is OPPOSITE in meaning to ____________.

A. respectful
B. complex
C. annoying
D. invasive

Question 37. According to the passage, why do "cookie consent" banners often fail to provide genuine choice to users?

A. Because websites employ deceptive design elements that prioritize the acceptance of tracking over the ability to decline it.

B. Because strict privacy laws in Europe have made it impossible for websites to display clear and simple "reject" buttons.

C. Because third-party cookies are now required by all major browsers to ensure that "free" services remain operational for everyone.

D. Because most everyday users prefer to have their political views and health concerns predicted by advanced digital systems.

Question 38. Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 3: "Protecting privacy takes some personal action and, just as importantly, public pressure for better standards."?

A. Public pressure for better standards is more important than personal action when users want to protect their privacy from tech firms.

B. Securing personal data requires a combination of individual vigilance and collective social demands for more rigorous regulatory frameworks.

C. Individual efforts to protect privacy are completely useless unless there is significant public pressure to change the current standards.

D. Unless users take personal action to pressure the public, the standards for protecting privacy will remain unchanged by large companies.

Question 39. Which of the following can be most likely inferred from the passage?

A. The transition toward stricter privacy laws in Europe will lead to the complete disappearance of the global online advertising market.

B. Major browsers are reducing support for third-party cookies primarily because they want to eliminate the "hidden costs" of free services.

C. The decline of third-party cookies may lead to the development of alternative tracking technologies that bypass current privacy regulations.

D. Users who avoid clicking on "cookie consent" banners are immune to having their data resold by brokers for insurance or credit decisions.

Question 40. Which of the following best summarises the passage?

A. Privacy laws and browser updates are successfully ending the hidden economy of data trading, making user tracking a thing of the past.

B. Browser cookies have evolved from tools of convenience into essential components for tech firms to provide free services to the global public.

C. The pervasive tracking economy, fueled by intrusive cookies, poses complex privacy threats that require both regulatory shifts and proactive user awareness.

D. First-party and third-party cookies are equally responsible for the erosion of user control and the rise of dark patterns in modern web design.

Read the passage about The Growing Tension Between Cruise Tourism and Local Communities and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22.

        The cruise industry faces serious challenges as tourist destinations worldwide deal with too many visitors.

        If cruise lines were to ignore these growing problems, they would risk losing access to popular ports completely. Barcelona and Venice have already taken strong action against mass tourism, creating strict rules to protect their historical centers from too many visitors. Amsterdam shows this problem clearly: (18) ____________, locals believe they cause especially big disruptions to daily life. Local communities, tired of constant tourist crowds, have organized protests asking for better tourism policies. Santorini and Dubrovnik now limit daily visitor numbers, forcing cruise companies to change their schedules. Whether economic benefits are worth environmental damage (19) ____________, who once happily welcomed tourist money. Infrastructure problems have become very obvious during busy season when several ships arrive together.

        These restrictions try to protect destinations for future generations, (20) ____________. Tourist taxes have become one solution, creating money for infrastructure improvements while possibly reducing visitor numbers. Port authorities understand the need for balance; (21) ____________. Environmental concerns add another problem to these discussions. In the future, cruise companies will need to adapt how they operate to respect these new rules. They might consider using smaller vessels, (22) ____________, and working closely with local shops and restaurants to prove they care about sustainable tourism. The success of these efforts depends on everyone working together—cruise lines, local governments, and community members must find solutions that benefit all parties equally.

Question 18.        

A. although cruise passengers make up only one percent of yearly tourists

B. whenever beach travelers bring over five million with annual profits

C. because hotel visitors create just two thirds from total revenue gains

D. despite train commuters form nearly ten times than monthly arrivals

Question 19.

A. where nobody can gather without paying all new permit

B. having gone through months of waiting for new permits

C. has come to be questioned by residents in these places        

D. that never gets approved for public use after reviews

Question 20.        

A. how few tourists, surprisingly, rarely ever fully understand during current trips

B. whether all visitors, regrettably, truly will appreciate during their short stays

C. why most tourists, predictably, always will remember after going back home

D. which is what many travelers, unfortunately, often don't realize these days

Question 21.        

A. however, finding agreement among different groups still remains very difficult

B. therefore, making decisions within smaller teams often becomes quite manageable

C. likewise, seeking unity through diverse opinions often becomes truly impossible

D. meanwhile, building trust between opposing sides always stays extremely complex

Question 22.

A. which are more eco-friendly, staying longer at each port

B. will become less harmful, keeping ships by new docks

C. have grown quite green, parking vessels in all bays        

D. where they cause less damage, holding boats on calm sites

Read the following leaflet and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 7 to 12.

Preserving Folk Music: Protecting a Living Heritage

Folk music is an essential part of cultural heritage, reflecting values and traditions that have been shaped over generations. Many traditional musical forms take (7) ____________ from everyday experiences and community life, which gives them lasting meaning. However, rapid social change has made folk music less visible, so active efforts are needed to ensure its survival.

Ways to preserve folk music:

● Make traditional performances more appealing to younger audiences by combining them with modern settings and media.

● Encourage participation by a large (8) ____________ of young people through school programmes and local festivals.

● Support folk music, (9) ____________ down orally for centuries, by recording performances and documenting lyrics. Promote collaboration between experienced artists and (10) ____________ who are learning traditional styles.

● Create cultural spaces (11) ____________ allow musicians to perform regularly and interact with audiences.

By valuing folk music as a living art form rather than a museum piece, societies can help it remain relevant and (12) ____________ in modern life.

Question 7.
A. roots
B. steps
C. hold
D. shape

Question 8.
A. number
B. amount
C. majority
D. handful

Question 9.
A. having passed
B. to be passed
C. passing
D. passed

Question 10.
A. other
B. the others
C. the other
D. others

Question 11.
A. what
B. where
C. when
D. which

Question 12.
A. meaningful
B. meaning
C. meaningfully
D. mean